ibidem Press, Stuttgart

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of Figures and Tables

Abbreviations

Introduction

1. An Institutional Approach to Ethnic Conflicts

1.1 The debate—institutionalists and their opponents

1.2 A historical “autopsy”—explaining the demise of SFRY

1.3 The Bulgarian ethnic models

1.4 Contemporary challenges to ethnic relations

1.5 Strength of state institutions and ethnic conflicts

2. The Role of Political Parties

2.1 The contemporary party systems in Bulgaria

2.1.1 Bipolarity (1990–2001)

2.1.2 Polycentrism, populism, and nativism (2001 until present)

2.2 MRF—electoral support and ideology

2.3 The Bulgarian PRR

2.3.1 Representatives

2.3.2 Origins, ideology, development

2.3.3 The PRR and the Bulgarian ethnic model

2.3.4 A glimpse into the future of the PRR

2.4 Roma, crime and politics

3. Channeling Ethnic Conflicts

3.1 The integration policies of Bulgarian governments after 1989

3.2 The legislation and the judicial system

3.2.1 General framework for analysis

3.2.2 The PADA

3.2.2.1 Purpose and concept

3.2.2.2 Scope

3.2.2.3 Genuine and determining occupational requirements

3.2.2.4 Positive action

3.2.2.5 Minimum requirements and protection of rights

3.2.2.6 Burden of proof and victimization

3.2.2.7 Dissemination of information and social dialogue

3.2.2.8 Equality body

3.2.2.9 Compliance and sanctions

3.3 Discrimination against Roma ethnic group: case studies

3.3.1 Segregation

3.3.2 Use of excessive force by the police and lack of effective investigation

3.3.3 Hate crimes

Conclusion: A Story about Garbage Trucks

References

Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society

Copyright

To my daughter Elena

List of Figures and Tables

Figures

1. Discrimination against Roma here

2. The scope of state functions here

3. Strength of state institutions and scope of state functions here

4. Comparison between six states in 2013, based on WGI (Graph View) here

5. Votes for the MRF in the elections for BNA, 1991–2014 here

6. Fears of the MRF voters here

7. Votes for the main PRR parties here

8. Votes for Ataka, NFSB, and MRF in the parliamentary

elections (2005, 2009, 2013, 2014) here

9. Social distances (2016) here

10. Social distances (2008 and 2016) here

11. Criminal activities among the main ethnic groups—thefts here

12. Criminal activities among the main ethnic groups

—robberies here

13. Criminal activities among the main ethnic groups—premeditated murders here

14. Criminal activities among the main ethnic groups—

batteries here

15. Criminal activities among the main ethnic groups—rapes here

16. Social distances. “Do you agree or disagree with each of

the following statements?” here

Tables

1. Main ethnic groups in Bulgaria since 1878 here

2. Main sources of income for Roma households here

3. Comparison between six states in 2013, based on WGI here

4. Control of corruption in six states in 1996, 2003, 2008, 2013 here

5. Ethnic profile of the political parties in the Bulgarian

National Assembly in 2009 here

6. Crimes and Roma suspects here

7. Number of complaints lodged with the Commission for Protection Against Discrimination per year here

8. Use of force by the Bulgarian police by years here

Abbreviations

Abbreviations of political parties and organizations
Abbreviation in English | Full name of the organization in English | Abbreviation in Bulgarian | Full name of the organization in Bulgarian
ABR | Alternative for Bulgarian Revival | АБВ | Алтернатива за българско възраждане
ASP | Alternative Socialist Party | АСП | Алтернативна социалистическа партия
BAPU | Bulgarian Agrarian People’s Union | БЗНС | Български земеделски народен съюз
BAPU “Nikola Petkov” | Bulgarian Agrarian People’s Union “Nikola Petkov” | БЗНС “Никола Петков” | Български земеделски народен съюз “Никола Петков”
BAPU “United” | Bulgarian Agrarian People’s Union “United” | БЗНС “Обединен” | Български земеделски народен съюз “Обединен”
BDF | Bulgarian Democratic Forum | БДФ | Български демократичен форум
BEL | Bulgarian European Left | БЕЛ | Българска евролевица
BNRP | Bulgarian National Radical Party | БНРП | Българска национално-радикална партия
BNU | Bulgarian National Union | БНС | Български народен съюз
BSDP | Bulgarian Social Democratic Party | БСДП | Българска социалдемократическа партия
BSP | Bulgarian Socialist Party | БСП | Българска социалистическа партия
DLP | Democratic Labor Party | ДПП | Демократична партия на труда
DOST | Democrats for Responsibility Solidarity and Tolerance | ДОСТ | Демократи за отговорност свобода и толерантност
DROM | Movement for an Equal Public Model | ДРОМ | Движение за равноправен обществен модел
FF | Fatherland Front | ОФ | Отечествен фронт
IMRO–BNM | IMRO–Bulgarian National Movement | ВМРО–БНД | ВМРО–Българско Национално Движение
MBC | Movement “Bulgaria of the Citizens” | ДБГ | Движение “България на гражданите”
MRF | Movement for Rights and Freedoms | ДПС | Движение за права и свободи
NCPPI | National Committee for Protection of Peoples’ Interests | ОКЗНИ | Общонароден комитет за защита на националните интереси
NFSB | National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria | НФСБ | Национален фронт за спасение на България
NMSP | National Movement for Stability and Progress | НДСВ | Национално движение за стабилност и възход
ODS | United Democratic Forces | ОДС | Обединени демократични сили
OLJ | Order, Legality, and Justice | РЗС | Ред, законност и справедливост
PPFD | Peoples’ Party “Freedom and Dignity” | НПСД | Народна партия “свобода и достойнство”
PROUD | People for Real, Open and United Democracy | ГОРД | Гражданско обединение за реална демокрация
PU | People’s Union | НС | Народен Съюз
TNLMB | Turkish National Liberation Movement in Bulgaria | ТНОДБ | Турско национално-освободително движение в България
UBNL | Union of Bulgarian National Legions | СБНЛ | Съюз на българските национални легиони
UDF | United Democratic Forces | СДС | Съюз на демократичните сили
UDF Center | Union of the Democratic Forces “Center” | СДС “Център” | Съюз на демократичните сили “Център”
UFD | Union of Free Democrats | ССД | Съюз на свободните демократи
UNPP | United National Progressive Party | ОНПП | Обединена национално прогресивна партия
UNS | Union for National Salvation | ОНС | Обединение за национално спасение
UYNL | Union of Youth National Legions | СМНЛ | Съюз на младежките национални легиони

Other important abbreviations
Abbreviation in English | Full name in English | Abbreviation in Bulgarian | Full name in Bulgarian
BHC | Bulgarian Helsinki Committee | БХК | Български хелзинкски комитет
BNA | Bulgarian National Assembly | НС | Народно събрание на Република България
CEC | Central Electoral Commission | ЦИК | Централна избирателна комисия
CPAD | Commission for Protection against Discrimination | КЗД | Комисия за защита от дискриминация
ECHR | European Convention on Human Rights | ECHR | Европейска конвенция по правата на човека
ECtHR | European Court of Human Rights | ЕСПЧ | Европейски съд по правата на човека
FYROM | Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | – | –
GSI | Global Slavery Index | – | –
NAP-DRI | National Action Plan for the pan-European Initiative “Decade of Roma Inclusion” | НПД-ДРВ | Национален план за действие по инициативата “Десетилетие на ромското включване”
NCCEDI | National Council for Cooperation on Ethnic and Demographic Issues | НССЕДВ | Национален съвет за сътрудничество по етническите и демографските въпроси
NCCEII | National Council for Cooperation on Ethnic and Integration Issues | НССЕИВ | Национален съвет за сътрудничество по етническите и интеграционните въпроси
NCEDI | National Council on Ethnic and Demographic Issues | НСЕДВ | Национален съвет по етническите и демографските въпроси
PADA | Protection against Discrimination Act | ЗЗД | Закон за защита от дискриминация
PRR | Populist Radical Right | – | –
SAC | Supreme Administrative Court | ВАС | Върховен административен съд
SANS | State Agency National Security | ДАНС | Държавна агенция национална сигурност
SFRY | Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | – | –
WGI | Worldwide Governance Indicators (World Bank) | – | –

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