Андрей Тихомиров
Cov neeg ntawm pawg Sino-Tibetan

Suav, Myanmar (Burmese) thiab Tibetans yog ib feem ntawm cov neeg loj Sino-Tibetan lossis Sino-Tibetan tsev neeg. Cov neeg nyob sib ze ntawm cov Turks thaum ub, Mongols thiab Tungus-Manchus nyob rau hauv Central thiab East Asia yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg ntawm Sino-Tibetan tsev neeg, uas Ameslikas nyob rau hauv Western thiab Central Tuam Tshoj mus rau Qinling Roob nyob rau sab qab teb. Los ntawm III txhiab xyoo BC. e. Ntau pawg neeg ntawm tsev neeg no tau pib nyob rau sab qab teb thiab maj mam paub txog thaj chaw ntawm Tibet, Sab Qab Teb Suav thiab thaj chaw ntawm Indochina. Ntxiv mus, sab qab teb nyob Austroasiatic thiab Austronesian pab pawg neeg. Cov qub qub tau nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab sab qaum teb ntawm Indochina, thaum kawg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Pacific: Suav cov peev txheej thaum ub suav nrog lawv hauv Yue pab pawg neeg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo pua II BC. e. Austroasiatics kis thoob plaws hauv Indochina thiab mus txog rau Is Nrias teb sab hnub tuaj, qhov chaw uas lawv tau ua rau cov neeg Munda, thiab Austronesians, uas yog cov neeg tsav nkoj zoo, tau nyob hauv Taiwan, Philippines thiab tag nrho cov Indonesia, qhov chaw uas lawv sib xyaw cov neeg laus, tej zaum ze rau Papuans. Los ntawm Indonesia rov qab rau xyoo pua 1st BC. e. tau nyob, thaj, Madagascar. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev hloov pauv ntawm Austronesians pib ntawm cov Islands tuaj suav tsis txheeb ntawm Oceania. cais pawg ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj siab tawv no, tej zaum, mus txog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Asmeskas. Cov neeg Sino-Tibetan yog haiv neeg koom ua ke los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov lus uas tsim los ntawm tsev neeg Sino-Tibetan, lossis, raws li nws tau hu ua ntej, Tibeto-Suav. Cov neeg Sino-Tibetan nyob hauv Suav teb, qhov chaw uas lawv tsim muaj feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem. Lub npe nws tus kheej qhia txog lawv qhov chaw nyob: Tuam Tshoj (Sina – los ntawm Latin lub npe rau Tuam Tshoj) thiab Tibet (Tibet yog ib feem ntawm cov neeg koom pheej ntawm Tuam Tshoj). Cov neeg Sino-Tibetan suav nrog feem ntau ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Bhutan (tsuas yog Bhotia, hom lus yog Bhotia lossis Dzongke, ze rau Tibetan), Myanmar thiab Singapore (cov pejxeem feem ntau yog Suav: 3/4 ntawm cov pejxeem, nrog rau Malays, neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm Is Nrias teb, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Europeans). Cov pab pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Sino-Tibetan kuj nyob hauv Thaib teb, Nyab Laj, Nplog, Nepal (feem ntau ntawm lub teb chaws cov pej xeem yog ua los ntawm Gurkhas, uas nws hom lus – Nepali los yog Gurkhali – belongs rau New Indian pab pawg neeg ntawm Indo-European lus. Txawm li cas los, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pejxeem yog cov neeg uas hais lus ntawm Tibeto-Burmese pawg: Bhotiya, Gurung, Magar, Newars), Is Nrias teb, thiab lwm yam.

Miao los yog lus Hmoob yog lub npe ntawm ib pawg lus uas cov neeg Miao (Meo, Hmong) nyob rau Suav teb (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi), sab qaum teb Nyab Laj, Thaib teb thiab Nplog. belongs to Miao-Yao (Hmong-Mien). Tag nrho cov neeg hais lus Miao yog kwv yees li 4 lab tus tib neeg, suav nrog 170,000 nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Qee hom lus muaj kev sib txuas lus, thaum lwm qhov txawv heev uas lawv tuaj yeem lees paub tias yog hom lus sib txawv.

Xmong-mien (Miao-yao) yog ib tsev neeg ntawm cov lus hais nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia. Yav dhau los, lawv raug suav hais tias yog ib pawg ntawm tsev neeg Sino-Tibetan, txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov tswv yim niaj hnub no, cov lus Miao-Yao yog ib tsev neeg nyias nyias. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias cov lus Miao-Yao \u200b\u200bare suav nrog hauv Austrian macrofamily. Tag nrho cov neeg hais lus yog tshaj 8 lab tus tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv PRC – 7 lab nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Hunan, Guizhou, sab qaum teb ib feem ntawm Guangxi thiab Guangdong, nyob rau hauv ib co cheeb tsam ntawm Sichuan thiab Yunnan. Cov lus Miao-Yao kuj tau hais nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm cov xeev ntawm Guangdong, Guangxi thiab Yunnan, tab sis nyob ntawd lawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws nyob rau ob peb puas xyoo dhau los. Ntau tshaj 850,000 tus neeg nyob hauv Nyab Laj, cov neeg hais lus ntawm cov lus no kuj tseem nyob hauv Nplog, Thaib thiab Myanmar, qhov chaw lawv kuj tshwm sim vim muaj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw lig.