Современный английский для начинающих
Понятные объяснения, истории и упражнения для взрослых
Айви Вордс

© Айви Вордс, 2026

ISBN 978-5-0069-3404-7

Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero

Предисловие

Дорогие читатели!

Данная книга предназначена для взрослых изучающих английский язык на начальном и среднем уровнях. Она предлагает систематический подход к изучению английской грамматики и лексики через практические тексты и упражнения. Основная цель книги – помочь читателю развить навыки понимания, использования и закрепления английского языка в повседневных ситуациях.

Каждая глава посвящена отдельной теме и грамматической конструкции. Материал представлен последовательно: объяснение грамматики на русском языке, примеры употребления с переводом, тематическая история на английском, подбор слов и выражений, упражнения с ответами. Такой подход позволяет не только усвоить правила, но и применять их на практике в контексте реальной жизни.

Особое внимание уделено повторению и закреплению материала. В историях грамматические конструкции используются несколько раз, что способствует формированию прочной языковой базы. Упражнения разнообразны: от заполнения пропусков до вопросов на личное выражение мнения. Это стимулирует активное использование языка и развивает навыки самостоятельного высказывания.

Я надеюсь, что эта книга станет полезным инструментом для самостоятельного изучения английского языка. Она подходит для систематической работы, а также для периодического повторения изученного материала. Моя цель как автора – предоставить читателю удобный и понятный ресурс, который поможет уверенно развивать языковые навыки.

A New Day Begins

Grammar Focus: Present Simple

Present Simple используется для описания регулярных действий, привычек, фактов и распорядка дня. Это одно из самых важных времён в английском языке, потому что с его помощью мы говорим о том, как обычно проходит жизнь.

Форма:

I / You / We / They + verb

I work every day. – Я работаю каждый день.

He / She / It + verb + -s / -es

She starts work at nine. – Она начинает работу в девять.

Отрицания и вопросы:

do / does + not

I do not drink coffee in the morning.

Do / Does + subject

Do you wake up early?

Советы и типичные ошибки:

Не забывайте -s в третьем лице единственного числа.

Present Simple не используется для действий «прямо сейчас».

Часто используется с наречиями: always, usually, often, sometimes, never.

Story

Every morning starts the same way for Alex. He wakes up early and opens the window. The city feels calm at this time. Alex drinks a glass of water and prepares a simple breakfast. He does not like heavy food in the morning, so he usually eats fruit and bread.

After breakfast, Alex checks his plan for the day. He works as a project manager, and his job requires clear thinking and organization. He starts work at nine and answers emails before meetings begin. Alex believes that a good morning creates a productive day.

He takes a short walk before work. This habit helps him focus and feel ready. Alex listens to music or thinks about his goals. He does not rush, because he values balance in life.

In the evening, Alex returns home and relaxes. He reads, cooks dinner, or spends time learning new skills. He goes to bed at a reasonable hour because he knows that tomorrow begins in the same way. For Alex, a simple routine supports a meaningful life.

Useful Words and Expressions

wake up – просыпаться

prepare breakfast – готовить завтрак

simple routine – простой распорядок

check a plan – проверять план

start work – начинать работу

answer emails – отвечать на письма

require organization – требовать организованности

believe – считать, полагать

create a productive day – создавать продуктивный день

take a short walk – совершать короткую прогулку

focus – концентрироваться

value balance – ценить баланс

return home – возвращаться домой

relax – отдыхать

learn new skills – изучать новые навыки

go to bed – ложиться спать

reasonable hour – разумное время

meaningful life – осмысленная жизнь

Exercises

Exercise 1. Insert the correct form of the verb (Present Simple).

Alex ___ (wake up) early every morning.

He ___ (not like) heavy food in the morning.

Alex ___ (start) work at nine.

He ___ (check) his plan for the day.

He ___ (go) to bed at a reasonable hour.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.

Alex usually

a) rushes in the morning

b) follows a simple routine

c) sleeps late

He believes that

a) mornings are stressful

b) work should start late

c) a good morning creates a productive day

In the evening, Alex

a) continues working

b) travels

c) relaxes at home

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences).

What time do you usually wake up on weekdays?

What does your morning routine look like?

Do you check plans or tasks in the morning? Why or why not?

How do you usually relax in the evening?

Do you think a routine helps you live better? Why?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

wakes up

does not like

starts

checks

goes

Exercise 2

b

c

c

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

I usually wake up at seven in the morning. I prefer to start my day calmly and without rushing.

My morning routine includes breakfast and planning my tasks. It helps me feel organized.

Yes, I check my plans every morning. This helps me focus on important tasks.

In the evening, I usually relax at home. I read or watch something educational.

Yes, I think a routine supports a balanced life. It reduces stress and saves time.

Mini Tip

To remember Present Simple, think about habits and facts.

If the action happens again and again – this tense is usually the right choice.

My Daily Routine

Grammar Focus: Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs of frequency показывают, как часто происходит действие. Они часто используются с Present Simple, когда мы говорим о привычках и распорядке дня.

Основные наречия частоты:

always – всегда

usually – обычно

often – часто

sometimes – иногда

rarely – редко

never – никогда

Позиция в предложении:

перед основным глаголом

I usually wake up at six. – Я обычно просыпаюсь в шесть.

после глагола to be

I am often tired in the evening. – Я часто устаю вечером.

Вопросы:

How often do you exercise? – Как часто ты занимаешься спортом?

Практические советы и типичные ошибки:

Не ставьте наречие частоты в конец предложения без необходимости.

Не используйте два наречия частоты в одном предложении.

Remember: never уже содержит отрицание.

Story

My daily routine is simple, but it keeps my life organized. I usually wake up at the same time every weekday. I never stay in bed too long, because I value a calm and active morning. After waking up, I often spend a few minutes thinking about the day ahead.

I always have breakfast at home. Sometimes I cook, and sometimes I choose something quick. I rarely skip breakfast, because it helps me stay focused. Before work, I usually review my tasks and priorities. This habit saves time and reduces stress.

During the day, I often work with different people and manage several responsibilities. I am sometimes tired in the afternoon, but I usually take a short break to reset my energy. I never ignore deadlines, because reliability is important to me.

In the evening, I usually slow down. I often read or listen to podcasts. Sometimes I meet friends, but I rarely go out late on workdays. I always prepare for the next day, because a clear routine helps me stay balanced and productive.

Useful Words and Expressions

daily routine – ежедневный распорядок

usually – обычно

never – никогда

often – часто

sometimes – иногда

rarely – редко

stay in bed – оставаться в постели

value – ценить

think about the day ahead – думать о предстоящем дне

skip breakfast – пропускать завтрак

stay focused – сохранять концентрацию

review tasks – просматривать задачи

reduce stress – снижать стресс

responsibilities – обязанности

take a short break – сделать короткий перерыв

ignore deadlines – игнорировать сроки

slow down – замедляться, расслабляться

prepare for the next day – готовиться к следующему дню

Exercises

Exercise 1. Insert the correct adverb of frequency.

(always / usually / often / sometimes / rarely / never)

I ___ wake up at the same time on weekdays.

I ___ skip breakfast because I feel better when I eat.

I ___ take short breaks during the day.

I ___ go out late on workdays.

I ___ prepare for the next day in the evening.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.

Adverbs of frequency are used to talk about

a) future plans

b) how often something happens

c) past events

In the sentence «I usually work from home,» the adverb

a) comes after the verb

b) comes before the verb

c) comes at the end

The word «never»

a) needs «not»

b) is used only in questions

c) already has a negative meaning

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences).

How often do you wake up at the same time on weekdays?

What do you usually do in the morning before work?

Do you often take breaks during the day? Why or why not?

How do you usually relax in the evening?

What habits help you stay organized?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

usually

never

often

rarely

always

Exercise 2

b

b

c

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

I usually wake up at the same time every weekday. This helps me keep a stable routine.

I usually have breakfast and review my tasks. It helps me start the day calmly.

Yes, I often take short breaks. They help me stay focused and productive.

In the evening, I usually relax at home. I read or listen to educational content.

Planning and preparing for the next day help me stay organized. These habits reduce stress.

Mini Tip

Learn adverbs of frequency as a scale:

always → usually → often → sometimes → rarely → never.

This makes them easier to remember and use correctly.

People Around Me

Grammar Focus: to be and Personal Descriptions

Глагол to be используется для описания людей, их качеств, состояний и характеристик. Он не требует вспомогательных глаголов в вопросах и отрицаниях и часто применяется при знакомстве и рассказе о людях вокруг нас.

Формы глагола to be (Present Simple):

I am

You / We / They are

He / She / It is

Примеры:

I am calm and organized. – Я спокойный и организованный.

She is very professional. – Она очень профессиональна.

They are supportive people. – Они поддерживающие люди.

Отрицание:

I am not tired.

He is not impatient.

Вопросы:

Are you confident at work?

Is she friendly?

Практические советы и типичные ошибки:

Не пропускайте глагол to be – в английском он обязателен.

Не используйте do / does с глаголом to be.

При описании личности часто используются прилагательные, а не существительные.

Story

People around me influence my daily life more than I sometimes realize. At work, I am part of a small team. My manager is experienced and calm, and my colleagues are reliable and open-minded. We are different, but we share similar values. This makes cooperation easier.

Outside of work, my friends are an important part of my life. Some of them are very energetic, while others are more thoughtful. I am usually comfortable with both types of people. I believe that diversity helps us grow and understand different perspectives.

My family is supportive, even though we are not always close physically. We are honest with each other, and we are patient when problems appear. This creates trust and stability.

I am also aware of how I describe myself. I am responsible and curious, but I am not perfect. I am sometimes impatient, especially when I feel pressure. However, I am learning to be more balanced.

The people around me shape my habits, my attitude, and my choices. Because of them, I am more aware of who I am and who I want to become.

Useful Words and Expressions

people around me – люди вокруг меня

influence – влиять

experienced – опытный

reliable – надёжный

open-minded – открытый к новому

share values – разделять ценности

cooperation – сотрудничество

energetic – энергичный

thoughtful – вдумчивый

supportive – поддерживающий

aware – осознающий

responsible – ответственный

curious – любознательный

impatient – нетерпеливый

pressure – давление

balanced – уравновешенный

attitude – отношение

shape choices – формировать выбор

Exercises

Exercise 1. Insert the correct form of to be.

My colleagues ___ reliable and professional.

I ___ not always patient under pressure.

My manager ___ calm and experienced.

We ___ different, but we work well together.

___ you comfortable working with different people?

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.

The verb to be is used to

a) describe actions

b) describe people and states

c) talk about the future

In the sentence «She is open-minded,» the word open-minded is

a) a verb

b) a noun

c) an adjective

Which sentence is correct?

a) She very professional.

b) She is very professional.

c) She does very professional.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences).

How would you describe the people you work or live with?

What qualities do you value most in people around you?

How would you describe yourself as a person?

Are you patient or impatient in stressful situations? Why?

Do people around you influence your decisions? How?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

are

am

is

are

Are

Exercise 2

b

c

b

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

The people I work with are professional and supportive. They help create a positive environment.

I value honesty and reliability. These qualities build trust.

I am responsible and curious. I try to improve myself regularly.

I am sometimes impatient under stress. I am learning to manage pressure better.

Yes, people around me influence my decisions. Their opinions help me see different perspectives.

Mini Tip

When describing people, remember:

English needs the verb to be.

No verb – no correct sentence.

Where I Live

Grammar Focus: there is / there are

Конструкция there is / there are используется, чтобы говорить о наличии предметов, людей или мест. Мы применяем её, когда описываем пространство: дом, квартиру, район, город, офис.

Форма:

There is + существительное в единственном числе

There is a park near my house. – Рядом с моим домом есть парк.

There are + существительное во множественном числе

There are many shops in this area. – В этом районе много магазинов.

Отрицание:

There is not a gym nearby.

There are not many restaurants here.

Вопросы:

Is there a café near your home?

Are there any quiet places in your area?

Практические советы и типичные ошибки:

Не путайте there is с it is.

Обращайте внимание на число существительного.

Часто используется с some, any, many, a lot of.

Story

The place where I live is simple, but comfortable. There is a small apartment in a quiet part of the city that I call home. It is not very large, but it feels warm and practical. There is a living room with a desk and a comfortable chair where I work in the evenings.

In the kitchen, there is enough space to cook and relax. There are a few shelves with books and plants. I enjoy this balance between work and rest. There is also a balcony, and in the summer, there are flowers there.

Outside my building, there are narrow streets and old trees. There is a small grocery store on the corner, and there are several cafés within walking distance. There is not much noise, which helps me focus and rest.

In my neighborhood, there are people of different ages and backgrounds. There is a calm atmosphere that makes daily life easier. For me, where I live is not just a place. There is a feeling of stability and comfort that supports my routine and my goals.

Useful Words and Expressions

where I live – где я живу

apartment – квартира

quiet area – тихий район

comfortable – удобный, комфортный

living room – гостиная

desk – письменный стол

enough space – достаточно места

shelves – полки

balcony – балкон

narrow streets – узкие улицы

grocery store – продуктовый магазин

within walking distance – в пешей доступности

neighborhood – район

atmosphere – атмосфера

background – происхождение

stability – стабильность

support a routine – поддерживать распорядок

focus and rest – сосредотачиваться и отдыхать

Exercises

Exercise 1. Insert there is or there are.

___ a small park near my home.

___ many cafés in this area.

___ not enough space in the kitchen.

___ a comfortable place to work.

___ several shops within walking distance.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.

We use there is / there are to talk about

a) actions

b) possession

c) existence or presence

Which sentence is correct?

a) There are a balcony in the apartment.

b) There is a balcony in the apartment.

c) There is many balconies in the apartment.

Which word usually follows there are?

a) a

b) singular noun

c) plural noun

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences).

What kind of place do you live in?

Is there a place nearby where you like to relax?

Are there many shops or cafés in your area?

What is there in your home that helps you work or rest?

Do you like the area where you live? Why or why not?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

There is

There are

There is

There is

There are

Exercise 2

c

b

c

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

I live in a small apartment in a quiet area. It is comfortable and practical.

Yes, there is a small park nearby. I often go there to relax.

Yes, there are several shops and cafés within walking distance. They are convenient.

There is a desk and a comfortable chair at home. They help me focus on my work.

Yes, I like my area because it is calm and well organized. It makes daily life easier.

Mini Tip

When you describe a place, start with there is / there are,

not with the object itself. This makes your speech sound natural.

Things I Own

Grammar Focus: have / have got

Have и have got используются, чтобы говорить о владении, отношениях и характеристиках. В современном английском они часто взаимозаменяемы, особенно в разговорной речи.

Форма:

have

I have a laptop. – У меня есть ноутбук.

She has a car. – У неё есть машина.

have got

I have got a laptop. – У меня есть ноутбук.

She has got a car. – У неё есть машина.

Отрицание и вопросы:

I do not have a car.

Have you got a passport?

Does he have enough time?

Практические советы и типичные ошибки:

Have got чаще используется в разговорной речи и в настоящем времени.

Не используйте have got для привычных действий.

Не смешивайте формы: Do you have got… – ошибка.

Story

The things I own reflect my lifestyle and priorities. I do not have many expensive items, but I have what I need. I have a small apartment, a reliable laptop, and a comfortable workspace. These things support my work and daily routine.

I have got a few personal items that matter to me. I have got books that I return to often and photos that remind me of important moments. I have a phone that helps me stay connected, but I do not have the habit of using it all the time.

I have a car, but I do not use it every day. I prefer walking when I can. I have got a bike as well, and it helps me stay active. I do not have many things that I do not use. I believe that owning less creates more space for focus.

For me, what I have is not about quantity. It is about function and meaning. The things I own help me live simply, work effectively, and feel comfortable in my everyday life.

Useful Words and Expressions

things I own – вещи, которыми я владею

reflect – отражать

lifestyle – образ жизни

priorities – приоритеты

expensive items – дорогие вещи

reliable – надёжный

workspace – рабочее место

personal items – личные вещи

stay connected – оставаться на связи

habit – привычка

prefer – предпочитать

stay active – быть активным

quantity – количество

function – функция

meaning – значение, смысл

own less – владеть меньшим

create space – создавать пространство

everyday life – повседневная жизнь

Exercises

Exercise 1. Insert the correct form of have or have got.

I ___ a comfortable workspace at home.

She ___ not have many expensive things.

We ___ got all the tools we need.

___ you got a reliable laptop?

He ___ a car, but he rarely uses it.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.

Have got is usually used to talk about

a) past actions

b) possession in the present

c) future plans

Which sentence is correct?

a) Do you have got a bike?

b) Have you got a bike?

c) Have you a bike?

Which form is more informal?

a) have

b) have got

c) had

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences).

What things do you own that are important to you?

Do you have many things you do not use? Why or why not?

Have you got a workspace at home? Describe it.

Do you prefer owning fewer things or more things? Why?

What item do you use every day?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

have

does

have

Have

has

Exercise 2

b

b

b

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

I have a few important items, such as my laptop and books. They support my work and learning.

No, I do not have many unused things. I try to keep only what I need.

Yes, I have got a small workspace at home. It helps me focus and stay organized.

I prefer owning fewer things. It makes my life simpler and calmer.

I use my phone every day. It helps me stay connected and organized.

Time and Schedules

Grammar Focus: Telling the Time & Prepositions of Time

Чтобы говорить о времени и расписаниях, в английском языке используются специальные конструкции и предлоги времени: at, on, in.

Telling the time

It is seven o’clock. – Сейчас семь часов.

It is half past eight. – Сейчас половина девятого.

It is a quarter to ten. – Без четверти десять.

It is ten fifteen. – Десять пятнадцать.

Prepositions of time

at – точное время

at 7:30, at noon, at night

on – дни и даты

on Monday, on Friday evening, on 5 May

in – более длинные периоды

in the morning, in April, in 2025

Практические советы и типичные ошибки:

Не используйте in с точным временем.

At night, но in the morning.

В английском обычно говорят расписание, а не «примерно».

Story

My life follows a clear schedule, and time plays an important role in it. I wake up at seven o’clock on weekdays. In the morning, I take my time and prepare for the day ahead. At eight thirty, I usually finish breakfast and review my plans.

I start work at nine o’clock. On busy days, meetings fill the morning, and I focus on tasks in the afternoon. At noon, I take a short break to reset my attention. I believe that managing time well reduces stress.

In the evening, my pace slows down. I often finish work at six, but on some days, I stay longer. In the evening, I prefer calm activities. At night, I avoid screens and prepare for sleep.

On weekends, my schedule changes. I wake up later and spend more time with personal projects. In summer, I like to travel and adjust my routine. For me, time is not just about hours and minutes. It is about balance, priorities, and how I choose to structure my day.

Useful Words and Expressions

schedule – расписание

play an important role – играть важную роль

wake up – просыпаться

prepare for the day – готовиться к дню

review plans – просматривать планы

start work – начинать работу

busy day – загруженный день

focus on tasks – сосредотачиваться на задачах

take a break – делать перерыв

manage time – управлять временем

reduce stress – снижать стресс

pace – темп

slow down – замедляться

avoid screens – избегать экранов

prepare for sleep – готовиться ко сну

on weekends – по выходным

personal projects – личные проекты

structure a day – выстраивать день

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct preposition (at / on / in).

I wake up ___ seven o’clock.

I usually work ___ the morning.

I have meetings ___ Monday.

I relax more ___ the evening.

I travel more ___ summer.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.

Which sentence is correct?

a) I start work in nine o’clock.

b) I start work at nine o’clock.

c) I start work on nine o’clock.

We use on with

a) months

b) exact time

c) days and dates

«At night» is used because

a) night is a long period

b) it is a fixed expression

c) it means morning

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences).

What time do you usually wake up on weekdays?

How does your schedule change on weekends?

What do you usually do in the morning?

At what time do you prefer to finish work? Why?

Do you plan your day in advance? How?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

at

in

on

in

in

Exercise 2

b

c

b

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

I usually wake up at seven o’clock on weekdays. This helps me keep a stable routine.

On weekends, my schedule is more flexible. I wake up later and focus on personal activities.

In the morning, I prepare for the day and review my tasks. This helps me feel organized.

I prefer to finish work at six o’clock. It gives me time to rest in the evening.

Yes, I plan my day in advance. Planning helps me manage time better.

Mini Tip

When you learn time expressions, remember them in groups:

at – точка, on – день, in – период.

This simple rule works in most situations.

Food and Everyday Choices

Grammar Focus: Countable and Uncountable Nouns

В английском языке существительные делятся на исчисляемые (countable) и неисчисляемые (uncountable). Это влияет на использование артиклей, количественных слов и форм глагола.

Countable nouns – предметы, которые можно посчитать.

an apple, two meals, many choices

Uncountable nouns – вещества, абстрактные понятия, категории.

water, food, information, time

Количественные слова:

a / an, many, few – с исчисляемыми

much, little – с неисчисляемыми

some / any, a lot of – с обоими типами

Практические советы и типичные ошибки:

Не используйте a с неисчисляемыми существительными.

Food и money – неисчисляемые.

Глагол с неисчисляемыми существительными используется в единственном числе.

Story

Food is an important part of my everyday life, and my choices affect how I feel and work. I do not follow a strict diet, but I try to eat balanced meals. In the morning, I usually have some fruit and bread. I do not drink much coffee, but I always drink water.

During the day, I make many small food choices. I choose fresh products when possible and avoid processed food. I do not eat much sugar, because it affects my energy. I believe that good food supports clear thinking and focus.

In the evening, I have a simple dinner. There are a few dishes that I cook regularly, and there is always enough food for the next day. I do not waste food, because I respect time and effort.

Food is not only about calories. It is about habits, comfort, and care for the body. When I make better everyday choices, I feel more balanced and productive. Small decisions, repeated daily, create long-term results.

Useful Words and Expressions

everyday choices – повседневные решения

balanced meals – сбалансированная еда

fresh products – свежие продукты

processed food – обработанная еда

avoid – избегать

sugar – сахар

energy – энергия

clear thinking – ясное мышление

focus – концентрация

simple dinner – простой ужин

waste food – выбрасывать еду

effort – усилие

habits – привычки

comfort – комфорт

care for the body – забота о теле

small decisions – маленькие решения

long-term results – долгосрочные результаты

productive – продуктивный

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct option (a / an / some / much / many).

I usually have ___ fruit in the morning.

I do not drink ___ coffee during the day.

There are ___ healthy choices at the store.

I try to avoid ___ sugar.

I cook ___ meals at home every week.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.

Which noun is uncountable?

a) meal

b) apple

c) food

Which sentence is correct?

a) I eat many food.

b) I eat much foods.

c) I eat a lot of food.

Which word can be used with both types of nouns?

a) many

b) much

c) some

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences).

What food do you usually eat in the morning?

Do you prefer home-cooked meals or eating out? Why?

What food do you try to avoid?

How do your food choices affect your energy?

Do you think small food decisions matter? Why?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

some

much

many

much

many

Exercise 2

c

c

c

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

I usually eat some fruit and bread in the morning. It helps me start the day calmly.

I prefer home-cooked meals because they are healthier and more affordable.

I try to avoid too much sugar. It affects my energy levels.

My food choices affect my focus and mood. Balanced meals help me stay productive.

Yes, small decisions matter. Over time, they create healthier habits.

Mini Tip

If you are not sure whether a noun is countable or uncountable,

try to put a number before it. If it sounds wrong, it is probably uncountable.

At the Store

Grammar Focus: some / any

Some и any используются для выражения количества с неисчисляемыми и исчисляемыми существительными во множественном числе. Они часто применяются в повседневной речи, особенно при покупке еды и товаров.

Основные правила:

some – используется в утверждениях и вежливых предложениях/предложениях с предложением чего-то.

I need some apples. – Мне нужны яблоки.

Would you like some tea? – Хотите немного чая?

any – используется в отрицаниях и вопросах.

I don’t have any milk. – У меня нет молока.

Do you have any bread? – У вас есть хлеб?

Советы и типичные ошибки:

Не используйте any в утвердительных предложениях без особой причины.

Some часто используется, когда мы предлагаем что-то другому человеку.

Обратите внимание на исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные:

some water / some apples

any sugar / any oranges

Story

At the store, I usually buy what I need for the week. I always check my list before I go. There is some fruit and vegetables I buy every time. Sometimes I look for special products, but usually I stick to the basics.

I often need some bread, some cheese, and some milk. If I do not find them, I ask the shop assistant. I also check if there is any discount or promotion. I rarely buy products I do not plan to use, because I do not want to waste money or food.

Sometimes, I need to buy any unusual ingredient for a new recipe. In these cases, I ask for help and look carefully at the labels. There is always some variety in the store, and I enjoy discovering it. Shopping is not only a task; it is a way to choose and plan my meals.

Useful Words and Expressions

at the store – в магазине

check the list – проверять список

fruit and vegetables – фрукты и овощи

basics – базовые продукты

bread – хлеб

cheese – сыр

milk – молоко

shop assistant – продавец

discount – скидка

promotion – акция

unusual ingredient – необычный ингредиент

labels – этикетки

variety – разнообразие

plan meals – планировать еду

waste money – тратить деньги зря

waste food – выбрасывать еду

choose – выбирать

discover – открывать для себя

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks with some or any.

I need ___ milk for breakfast.

Do you have ___ oranges?

There is ___ bread on the shelf.

I don’t have ___ cheese at home.

Would you like ___ coffee?

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.

Some is used in

a) questions

b) affirmative sentences

c) negative sentences

Any is used in

a) questions and negatives

b) affirmative sentences

c) offers

Which sentence is correct?

a) I don’t have some apples.

b) I don’t have any apples.

c) I have any apples.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences).

What do you usually buy at the store?

Do you ever look for discounts or promotions?

Do you buy unusual ingredients? Why or why not?

How do you plan your shopping?

Do you prefer going to the store alone or with someone? Why?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

some

any

some

any

some

Exercise 2

b

a

b

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

I usually buy bread, milk, and vegetables. These are the basics for my meals.

Yes, I often look for discounts. It helps me save money.

Sometimes I buy unusual ingredients for new recipes. I like to experiment with food.

I plan my shopping by making a list in advance. It prevents me from forgetting anything.

I prefer going alone. It allows me to focus and shop efficiently.

Mini Tip

Think of some as «a certain amount» and any as «zero or unknown amount.»

This helps decide which word to use in different situations.

My Workday

Grammar Focus: Present Simple vs Present Continuous

В английском языке Present Simple используется для регулярных действий, привычек и фактов, а Present Continuous – для действий, происходящих прямо сейчас или временных ситуаций.

Present Simple

I start work at nine o’clock. – Я начинаю работу в 9 часов.

She usually checks her emails in the morning. – Она обычно проверяет почту утром.

We work from home. – Мы работаем из дома.

Present Continuous

I am writing a report now. – Сейчас я пишу отчёт.

She is talking to a client. – Она разговаривает с клиентом.

They are preparing for a meeting. – Они готовятся к встрече.

Отрицание и вопросы:

Present Simple: I do not / does not + verb

I do not attend meetings on Fridays.

Present Continuous: am/is/are + verb-ing

I am not working on the weekend.

Практические советы и типичные ошибки:

Не используйте -ing форму с глаголами, которые описывают привычки (know, like, want).

Present Continuous обычно сопровождается словами now, at the moment, currently.

Present Simple часто сопровождается usually, always, often, sometimes.

Story

My workday is structured, but it is never exactly the same. I usually start work at nine o’clock. I check my emails and plan my tasks. My meetings are mostly in the morning. I answer messages and prepare reports. I usually take a short break at noon.

Right now, I am writing a project proposal. My colleague is reviewing a report, and our manager is organizing the team schedule. We are working together to meet deadlines. Some tasks are challenging, but I am learning to manage my time effectively.

In the afternoon, I usually focus on ongoing projects. I sometimes attend additional meetings, depending on priorities. Today, I am participating in a brainstorming session with my team. We are discussing new ideas and solutions for current problems.

Although my routine is predictable, each day brings new tasks and challenges. I enjoy that balance. I am constantly adapting and improving my workflow. My workday is both structured and dynamic, and it teaches me to combine consistency with flexibility.

Useful Words and Expressions

workday – рабочий день

structured – структурированный

habit – привычка

check emails – проверять электронную почту

plan tasks – планировать задачи

meetings – встречи

project – проект

proposal – предложение

reviewing a report – проверка отчёта

organize schedule – организовывать расписание

meet deadlines – соблюдать сроки

challenging – сложный

manage time – управлять временем

ongoing projects – текущие проекты

brainstorming session – мозговой штурм

solutions – решения

balance – баланс

workflow – рабочий процесс

adapting – адаптация

flexibility – гибкость

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks with Present Simple or Present Continuous.

I usually ___ (start) work at nine o’clock.

Right now, I ___ (write) a report.

My colleague ___ (review) emails at the moment.

We ___ (attend) meetings on Mondays.

Today, I ___ (participate) in a brainstorming session.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.

Which sentence is correct?

a) I am usually checking my emails in the morning.

b) I usually check my emails in the morning.

Present Continuous is often used with

a) usually, always

b) now, at the moment

c) every day

Which sentence describes a temporary action?

a) She works from home.

b) She is talking to a client.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences).

What do you usually do at work in the morning?

Are you working on something special right now? Describe it.

Do you attend meetings often? How do you feel about them?

What part of your workday is the most challenging? Why?

How do you balance routine tasks and unexpected tasks?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

start

am writing

is reviewing

attend

am participating

Exercise 2

b

b

b

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

I usually check emails and plan my tasks in the morning. I also prepare reports.

Yes, I am writing a project proposal right now. It is for a new client.

I attend meetings regularly. Some of them are useful, others are short updates.

The most challenging part is managing overlapping tasks. Deadlines make it stressful.

I plan my routine tasks in advance and stay flexible for unexpected tasks. It helps me manage time efficiently.

Mini Tip

Present Simple = привычки и факты

Present Continuous = то, что происходит сейчас или временно.

Слова-маркеры помогают выбрать форму правильно.

Free Time Matters

Grammar Focus: like / love / hate + -ing

Глаголы like, love, hate часто используются с -ing формой глагола (герундием), чтобы описывать действия, которые нам нравятся или не нравятся.

Форма и примеры:

like + -ing – нравится

I like reading in the evening. – Мне нравится читать вечером.

love + -ing – очень нравится

She loves cooking for her friends. – Она обожает готовить для друзей.

hate + -ing – не нравится

He hates waiting in traffic. – Он ненавидит ждать в пробках.

Советы и типичные ошибки:

После like/love/hate можно использовать to + verb, но с -ing акцент на сам процесс действия.

Не используйте infinitive (to do) после этих глаголов, если говорите о хобби или привычках:

I like to reading → I like reading

Герундий помогает говорить о повседневных привычках или предпочтениях.

Story

Free time is important to maintain balance in life. I love reading books in the evening. It helps me relax and forget about work for a while. I like walking in the park on weekends. Moving in the fresh air gives me energy and improves my mood.

I hate wasting time on social media. It does not bring me satisfaction, and I often feel distracted. I also love cooking simple meals. Trying new recipes is exciting, and I enjoy sharing them with friends. I like listening to music while I cook; it makes the process more pleasant.

Sometimes, I love visiting local cafés. I like observing people and enjoying the atmosphere. I hate being bored, so I always try to plan something interesting for my free time. Free time matters because it allows me to rest, learn, and enjoy life. These small habits make my everyday life more meaningful.

Useful Words and Expressions

free time – свободное время

maintain balance – поддерживать баланс

relax – расслабляться

walk in the park – гулять в парке

fresh air – свежий воздух

energy – энергия

improve mood – улучшать настроение

waste time – тратить время зря

social media – социальные сети

satisfaction – удовлетворение

cooking simple meals – готовка простых блюд

try recipes – пробовать рецепты

enjoy sharing – наслаждаться совместным делом

listen to music – слушать музыку

observe people – наблюдать за людьми

atmosphere – атмосфера

bored – скучающий

plan something – планировать что-то

small habits – маленькие привычки

meaningful life – осмысленная жизнь

Exercises

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with like / love / hate + -ing.

I ___ reading books before sleep.

She ___ cooking new dishes.

We ___ waiting in traffic.

He ___ walking in the morning.

They ___ trying new cafés on weekends.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.

Which sentence is correct?

a) I like to reading in the evening.

b) I like reading in the evening.

Love + -ing emphasizes:

a) the activity itself

b) the result

c) the plan

Hate + -ing is used to express:

a) dislike for an action

b) habit

c) future intention

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences).

What do you like doing in your free time?

Do you love any hobbies? Describe them.

Is there something you hate doing in your free time?

How do you usually spend weekends?

Do you prefer active or quiet leisure activities? Why?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

love

loves

hate

loves

love

Exercise 2

b

a

a

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

I like reading and walking in the park. These activities help me relax.

I love cooking. Trying new recipes is exciting and rewarding.

I hate wasting time on social media. It makes me feel distracted.

I usually spend weekends walking, cooking, and reading. It helps me recharge.

I prefer active activities like walking and cycling. They improve my energy and mood.

Mini Tip

После like / love / hate чаще всего используем -ing, если говорим о процессе, а не о результате.

Пример: I love cooking (процесс), но I love to cook this dish (результат).

Yesterday Was Busy

Grammar Focus: Past Simple (regular verbs)

Past Simple используется для действий, которые произошли в прошлом и закончились.

Образование:

Для регулярных глаголов прибавляем -ed к инфинитиву:

work → worked – работал

clean → cleaned – убрал

watch → watched – посмотрел

Отрицание и вопросы:

Отрицание: did not + infinitive

I did not work yesterday. – Вчера я не работал.

Вопрос: Did + subject + infinitive?

Did you clean your room yesterday? – Ты убрал комнату вчера?

Советы и типичные ошибки:

Для глаголов, оканчивающихся на -e, просто добавляем -d: like → liked.

Не забывайте использовать did в отрицаниях и вопросах, глагол без -ed:

I didn’t worked → I didn’t work

Употребляйте слова-маркеры времени: yesterday, last night, two days ago.

Story

Yesterday was busy, but productive. I woke up early and cleaned my apartment. I worked for several hours and answered many emails. After lunch, I walked in the park and enjoyed the fresh air. It was sunny, and I felt relaxed.

In the afternoon, I watched a short tutorial about cooking. I cooked a new recipe for dinner. I cleaned the kitchen afterward. I also talked to a friend on the phone. We discussed plans for the weekend.

In the evening, I prepared a list of tasks for today. I read a few chapters of a book and listened to music. I did not watch TV, because I wanted to rest my eyes. Before going to bed, I checked my messages and replied to urgent emails. Yesterday was busy, but I felt satisfied and calm. I like days when I accomplish many small things.

Useful Words and Expressions

yesterday – вчера

busy – загруженный

productive – продуктивный

wake up – просыпаться

clean – убирать

work – работать

answer emails – отвечать на письма

walk in the park – гулять в парке

fresh air – свежий воздух

watch a tutorial – смотреть урок / видео

cook a recipe – готовить рецепт

prepare a list – готовить список

read a book – читать книгу

listen to music – слушать музыку

rest eyes – отдыхать глазами

check messages – проверять сообщения

reply – отвечать

accomplish – выполнять

small things – мелочи

feel satisfied – чувствовать удовлетворение

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks with the correct Past Simple form (regular verbs).

I ___ (wake) up early yesterday.

I ___ (clean) my apartment in the morning.

I ___ (watch) a short tutorial in the afternoon.

I ___ (prepare) a list of tasks for today.

I ___ (listen) to music in the evening.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option.

How do we form the Past Simple of regular verbs?

a) verb + -ing

b) verb + -ed

c) verb + do

Which sentence is correct?

a) I didn’t worked yesterday.

b) I didn’t work yesterday.

c) I didn’t works yesterday.

Past Simple is used for:

a) habits

b) actions in the past

c) future plans

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences).

What did you do yesterday?

Did you cook or prepare food yesterday?

Did you talk to someone yesterday? Who?

Did you watch TV or read a book yesterday?

Did you feel satisfied at the end of the day? Why or why not?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

woke

cleaned

watched

prepared

listened

Exercise 2

b

b

b

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

Yesterday, I worked, cleaned my apartment, and walked in the park. It was productive.

Yes, I cooked dinner. I tried a new recipe.

I talked to my friend on the phone. We discussed weekend plans.

I read a few chapters of a book. I did not watch TV.

Yes, I felt satisfied. I accomplished many tasks and felt calm.

Mini Tip

Используй слова-маркеры времени, такие как yesterday, last night, two days ago, чтобы понять, что нужно использовать Past Simple.

A Day I Remember

Grammar Focus: Past Simple (irregular verbs)

Past Simple используется для действий, которые произошли в прошлом и закончились.

Для неправильных глаголов форма прошедшего времени необразуется по правилу -ed, а меняется индивидуально:

go → went (идти → пошёл)

have → had (иметь → имел)

see → saw (видеть → видел)

get → got (получать → получил)

make → made (делать → сделал)

take → took (брать → взял)

come → came (приходить → пришёл)

Отрицание и вопросы:

Отрицание: используем did not + инфинитив, например: I did not see the movie yesterday.

Вопрос: используем Did + подлежащее + инфинитив, например: Did you go to the park last weekend?

Советы и типичные ошибки:

Не добавляйте -ed к неправильным глаголам. I goed → I went

В отрицаниях и вопросах глагол используется в инфинитиве после did.

Используйте слова-маркеры времени: yesterday, last week, two days ago, чтобы показать, что действие произошло в прошлом.

Story

One day I remember clearly happened last summer. I went to the countryside with my family. We had a small picnic near the river. I saw ducks swimming in the water, and I took many photos. The sun was shining, and the weather was perfect.

In the afternoon, I made a small boat from wood and leaves. My little brother helped me. We played by the river and ran across the fields. I got very tired, but it was exciting. We came back to the cottage in the evening, and I had a delicious dinner prepared by my mother.

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