Грамматика, коллокации и устойчивые выражения: тренинг для уровня B1—B2
Пошаговая практика для расширения словарного запаса, навыков письма и речи
Джуди Грэммер

© Джуди Грэммер, 2026

ISBN 978-5-0069-4061-1

Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero

Предисловие

Эта книга предназначена для тех, кто стремится совершенствовать навыки английского языка на уровне B1—B2, с особым вниманием к естественной речи, устойчивым выражениям, фразовым глаголам и коллокациям. Она предлагает структурированный подход к изучению языка, объединяя лексику, грамматику и практику в контексте реальных ситуаций, с которыми сталкивается каждый человек в повседневной жизни, учебе и работе.

Каждая глава сосредоточена на определенной теме или коммуникативной функции, такой как выражение вероятности, построение аргументов, управление временем или планирование будущего. В начале главы представлен раздел Word Power, где ключевые слова и выражения объясняются на русском языке и сопровождаются примерами использования в английских предложениях. Это позволяет быстро понять смысл и контекст и начать применять лексику в речи и письме.

Далее следует Reading Text – небольшой текст, написанный современным и нейтральным стилем. Он помогает увидеть, как ключевая лексика и выражения используются естественно, в связном и понятном контексте. Повторение слов и устойчивых выражений в тексте способствует их запоминанию и закреплению.

Раздел Check Your Understanding предлагает вопросы разного типа: на факты, на понимание причин и чувств, а также на личное мнение. Они направлены на развитие навыков чтения с пониманием, анализа и критического мышления, стимулируя активное использование изученной лексики.

В разделе Build Your Vocabulary представлены упражнения различного формата: выбор правильного варианта, соотнесение слов и переводов, а также использование выражений в собственных предложениях. Такие задания позволяют закрепить лексику и грамматические конструкции в разнообразных контекстах, повышая уверенность при общении.

Эта книга полезна как для самостоятельного изучения, так и для работы с преподавателем. Систематическое выполнение упражнений и работа с текстами поможет не только расширить словарный запас, но и развить навыки точного, естественного и уверенного использования английского языка в реальных ситуациях.

Следуя структуре книги, читатель получает возможность постепенно улучшать как понимание английского на слух и при чтении, так и умение строить собственные высказывания с учетом нюансов языка и естественных речевых паттернов. Книга предлагает практический, последовательный и мотивирующий подход, делая процесс изучения максимально продуктивным и увлекательным.

Making a First Impression

Word Power

1. make a good impression (on someone)

– произвести хорошее впечатление (на кого-то)

She wanted to make a good impression on her new colleagues.

Она хотела произвести хорошее впечатление на новых коллег.

It’s important to make a good impression during a job interview.

Важно произвести хорошее впечатление во время собеседования.

2. come across as

– производить впечатление, казаться (в глазах других)

He comes across as confident and professional.

Он производит впечатление уверенного и профессионального человека.

She didn’t want to come across as rude.

Она не хотела показаться грубой.

3. be well-prepared

– быть хорошо подготовленным

If you are well-prepared, you will feel less nervous.

Если ты хорошо подготовлен, ты будешь меньше нервничать.

She was well-prepared for the presentation.

Она была хорошо подготовлена к презентации.

4. pay attention to

– обращать внимание на

You should pay attention to details.

Тебе следует обращать внимание на детали.

He paid attention to the way he spoke.

Он обращал внимание на то, как он говорил.

Reading Text

First impressions often play an important role in both personal and professional life. When people meet someone for the first time, they quickly form an opinion. That is why many people try to make a good impression from the very beginning.

Before an important meeting or interview, it is essential to be well-prepared. Preparation helps you feel more confident and reduces stress. For example, you can research the company, think about possible questions, and plan how to introduce yourself. When you are well-prepared, you naturally come across as more professional and reliable.

It is also important to pay attention to small details. The way you dress, speak, and listen can influence how others see you. If you pay attention to your body language and tone of voice, you are more likely to make a good impression.

However, trying too hard can sometimes have the opposite effect. If you are not genuine, you may come across as nervous or insincere. The key is simple: be well-prepared, pay attention to details, and stay authentic. In this way, you can make a good impression without pretending to be someone else.

Check Your Understanding

Why do first impressions matter?

What can you do to be well-prepared for a meeting?

Why is it important to pay attention to small details?

Why can trying too hard create a negative impression?

What do you personally do to make a good impression?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

If you want to make a good impression, you should:

a) ignore preparation

b) arrive late

c) be well-prepared

d) avoid eye contact

If someone comes across as confident, they:

a) seem confident to others

b) feel nervous inside

c) speak very quietly

d) avoid communication

“Pay attention to details” means:

a) forget small things

b) notice and consider small things carefully

c) criticize everything

d) change the topic

If you are well-prepared, you usually:

a) feel more stressed

b) feel more confident

c) avoid speaking

d) make more mistakes

Exercise 2 – Matching

make a good impression

come across as

be well-prepared

pay attention to

a) быть хорошо подготовленным

b) производить впечатление

c) обращать внимание на

d) произвести хорошее впечатление

Exercise 3 – Use It!

Complete the sentences using 2—3 expressions from Word Power.

Before a job interview, it is important to __________ and __________ details.

If you want to __________ your manager, you should act professionally.

He was nervous because he didn’t want to __________ inexperienced.

She tried to __________ by arriving early and dressing formally.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding – Sample Answers

First impressions matter because people quickly form an opinion when they meet someone for the first time.

You can research the company, prepare answers, and plan your introduction.

Small details influence how others see you, including your body language and tone of voice.

Trying too hard can make you seem nervous or insincere.

Sample answer: I try to be well-prepared and pay attention to how I speak and listen carefully.

Exercise 1

c) be well-prepared

a) seem confident to others

b) notice and consider small things carefully

b) feel more confident

Exercise 2

1 – d

2 – b

3 – a

4 – c

Exercise 3 – Sample Answers

Before a job interview, it is important to be well-prepared and pay attention to details.

If you want to make a good impression on your manager, you should act professionally.

He was nervous because he didn’t want to come across as inexperienced.

She tried to make a good impression by arriving early and dressing formally.

Giving and Receiving Feedback

Word Power

1. give constructive feedback

– давать конструктивную обратную связь (с целью помочь улучшиться)

The manager gave constructive feedback after the presentation.

Менеджер дал конструктивную обратную связь после презентации.

It’s important to give constructive feedback instead of simple criticism.

Важно давать конструктивную обратную связь, а не просто критиковать.

2. take feedback on board

– принять обратную связь и учесть её

She took the feedback on board and improved her report.

Она приняла обратную связь и улучшила свой отчёт.

If you take feedback on board, you can grow professionally.

Если ты принимаешь обратную связь, ты можешь профессионально расти.

3. point out

– указывать на что-либо, обращать внимание на проблему

He pointed out a small mistake in the document.

Он указал на небольшую ошибку в документе.

The teacher pointed out areas that needed improvement.

Учитель указал на области, которые нужно улучшить.

4. be open to feedback

– быть открытым к обратной связи

Successful people are usually open to feedback.

Успешные люди обычно открыты к обратной связи.

She tried to be open to feedback, even when it was difficult to hear.

Она старалась быть открытой к обратной связи, даже когда её было трудно слушать.

Reading Text

In many professional environments, feedback plays a key role in personal and career development. However, both giving and receiving feedback can be challenging. Some people are afraid to give constructive feedback because they do not want to hurt someone’s feelings. Others find it difficult to be open to feedback, especially if it highlights their weaknesses.

Effective feedback should focus on specific actions rather than personal qualities. For example, instead of saying, “Your report is bad,” a manager can give constructive feedback by pointing out unclear sections and suggesting improvements. When feedback is clear and respectful, it is easier to take feedback on board.

Receiving feedback requires maturity and self-awareness. If you are open to feedback, you are more likely to see it as an opportunity rather than criticism. When someone points out a mistake, it does not mean you are incompetent. It simply means there is room for improvement.

Employees who take feedback on board often develop faster. They understand that constructive feedback is not negative; it is a tool for growth. In the long term, being open to feedback helps build trust and improve professional relationships.

Check Your Understanding

Why are some people afraid to give constructive feedback?

What should effective feedback focus on?

Why can receiving feedback be difficult?

How does taking feedback on board help professional development?

Do you find it easier to give feedback or receive it? Why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

Constructive feedback is:

a) personal criticism

b) helpful advice for improvement

c) emotional reaction

d) public praise

If you take feedback on board, you:

a) ignore it

b) argue about it

c) accept and use it

d) forget it immediately

When you point out a mistake, you:

a) hide it

b) correct it silently

c) show or mention it

d) create it

If you are open to feedback, you:

a) avoid criticism

b) accept suggestions for improvement

c) feel offended

d) refuse advice

Exercise 2 – Matching

give constructive feedback

take feedback on board

point out

be open to feedback

a) указывать на

b) быть открытым к обратной связи

c) принять и учесть обратную связь

d) давать конструктивную обратную связь

Exercise 3 – Use It!

Complete the sentences using 2—3 expressions from Word Power.

A good leader knows how to __________ without making people feel uncomfortable.

She decided to __________ and improve her communication style.

During the meeting, he __________ several problems that needed attention.

To grow professionally, you should __________ and learn from others.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding – Sample Answers

Some people are afraid because they do not want to hurt others’ feelings.

It should focus on specific actions and areas for improvement, not personal qualities.

It can be difficult because it highlights weaknesses and mistakes.

It helps people improve their skills and develop faster in their careers.

Sample answer: I find it easier to give feedback because I try to be polite and helpful, but receiving feedback can sometimes feel uncomfortable.

Exercise 1

b) helpful advice for improvement

c) accept and use it

c) show or mention it

b) accept suggestions for improvement

Exercise 2

1 – d

2 – c

3 – a

4 – b

Exercise 3 – Sample Answers

A good leader knows how to give constructive feedback without making people feel uncomfortable.

She decided to take feedback on board and improve her communication style.

During the meeting, he pointed out several problems that needed attention.

To grow professionally, you should be open to feedback and learn from others.

Apologizing and Forgiving

Word Power

1. make a sincere apology

– принести искренние извинения

He made a sincere apology for missing the deadline.

Он принес искренние извинения за пропущенный дедлайн.

If you want to solve the conflict, you should make a sincere apology.

Если ты хочешь решить конфликт, тебе следует принести искренние извинения.

2. take full responsibility for

– полностью взять на себя ответственность за что-либо

She took full responsibility for the mistake in the report.

Она полностью взяла на себя ответственность за ошибку в отчёте.

It is important to take full responsibility for your actions.

Важно полностью брать ответственность за свои действия.

3. hold a grudge

– держать обиду, затаить обиду

He didn’t want to hold a grudge against his colleague.

Он не хотел держать обиду на коллегу.

Holding a grudge only creates more tension.

Затаённая обида только создаёт больше напряжения.

4. move on

– двигаться дальше, оставить ситуацию в прошлом

After their conversation, they decided to move on.

После разговора они решили двигаться дальше.

It’s healthier to forgive and move on.

Полезнее простить и двигаться дальше.

Reading Text

Conflicts are a natural part of both personal and professional relationships. Sooner or later, everyone makes mistakes. The real question is not whether we make mistakes, but how we react to them. Learning how to make a sincere apology and how to forgive others is an essential life skill.

A sincere apology involves more than simply saying “sorry.” It means taking full responsibility for your actions and understanding how they affected someone else. When a person takes full responsibility for a mistake, it shows maturity and respect. This makes it easier for the other person to accept the apology.

However, apologizing is only one side of the situation. Forgiveness is equally important. If someone continues to hold a grudge, the relationship cannot fully recover. Holding a grudge often leads to stress and negative emotions.

Forgiving does not mean forgetting what happened. It means choosing to move on instead of focusing on the past. In many cases, when both sides are willing to communicate honestly, make a sincere apology, and avoid holding a grudge, they can move on and even strengthen their relationship.

Check Your Understanding

What does a sincere apology involve?

Why is taking full responsibility important?

Why can holding a grudge damage a relationship?

What does it really mean to move on?

Do you think it is always easy to forgive? Why or why not?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

A sincere apology means:

a) saying “sorry” without explanation

b) blaming someone else

c) honestly accepting your mistake

d) ignoring the problem

If you take full responsibility for something, you:

a) deny your role

b) completely accept that it was your fault

c) hide the truth

d) blame circumstances

If you hold a grudge, you:

a) forgive quickly

b) forget the situation

c) keep negative feelings

d) solve the conflict

To move on means to:

a) continue thinking about the past

b) change the topic

c) leave the situation behind and continue

d) avoid communication

Exercise 2 – Matching

make a sincere apology

take full responsibility for

hold a grudge

move on

a) двигаться дальше

b) затаить обиду

c) принести искренние извинения

d) полностью взять ответственность за

Exercise 3 – Use It!

Complete the sentences using 2—3 expressions from Word Power.

After the argument, he decided to __________ and explain his mistake.

She didn’t want to __________, so she forgave her friend.

It takes courage to __________ your actions.

If both people are honest, they can __________ and improve their relationship.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding – Sample Answers

It involves honestly accepting your mistake and understanding its impact.

Because it shows maturity and respect, and makes forgiveness easier.

Because it creates tension and prevents the relationship from recovering.

It means leaving the past behind and focusing on the future.

Sample answer: No, it is not always easy because emotions can be strong, especially if someone feels hurt.

Exercise 1

c) honestly accepting your mistake

b) completely accept that it was your fault

c) keep negative feelings

c) leave the situation behind and continue

Exercise 2

1 – c

2 – d

3 – b

4 – a

Exercise 3 – Sample Answers

After the argument, he decided to make a sincere apology and explain his mistake.

She didn’t want to hold a grudge, so she forgave her friend.

It takes courage to take full responsibility for your actions.

If both people are honest, they can move on and improve their relationship.

Setting Boundaries

Word Power

1. set clear boundaries

– устанавливать чёткие границы

It is important to set clear boundaries at work.

Важно устанавливать чёткие границы на работе.

She set clear boundaries about her working hours.

Она установила чёткие границы относительно своего рабочего времени.

2. stand up for yourself

– постоять за себя, защищать свои интересы

You need to stand up for yourself in difficult situations.

Тебе нужно постоять за себя в сложных ситуациях.

He finally stood up for himself and refused extra tasks.

Он наконец постоял за себя и отказался от дополнительных задач.

3. say no politely

– вежливо отказывать

It’s possible to say no politely without feeling guilty.

Можно вежливо отказать, не чувствуя вины.

She learned to say no politely to unrealistic requests.

Она научилась вежливо отказывать на нереалистичные просьбы.

4. respect someone’s limits

– уважать чьи-то границы

Good managers respect their employees’ limits.

Хорошие менеджеры уважают границы своих сотрудников.

Friends should respect each other’s limits.

Друзья должны уважать границы друг друга.

Reading Text

In both personal and professional life, setting boundaries is essential for maintaining healthy relationships. Many people struggle to set clear boundaries because they are afraid of disappointing others. However, without clear limits, it becomes difficult to protect your time, energy, and emotional well-being.

At work, employees are often expected to handle multiple tasks. While teamwork is important, it is equally important to stand up for yourself when the workload becomes unreasonable. If you never say no politely, colleagues may assume that you are always available. Over time, this can lead to stress and burnout.

Learning to say no politely does not mean being rude or uncooperative. It simply means explaining your situation clearly and suggesting alternatives when possible. For example, you might say that you are currently busy but can help later.

Healthy relationships are based on mutual respect. When you set clear boundaries, you also teach others to respect your limits. At the same time, you should respect someone’s limits as well. When both sides understand and accept boundaries, communication becomes more honest and balanced.

Check Your Understanding

Why do many people find it difficult to set clear boundaries?

What can happen if you never say no politely?

Why is standing up for yourself important at work?

How do boundaries improve relationships?

In what situations do you find it hard to say no politely?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

If you set clear boundaries, you:

a) ignore other people

b) define what is acceptable for you

c) avoid communication

d) agree with everything

To stand up for yourself means to:

a) stay silent

b) protect your interests

c) apologize

d) change your opinion

If you say no politely, you:

a) refuse in a respectful way

b) shout at someone

c) avoid answering

d) criticize the request

To respect someone’s limits means to:

a) ignore their feelings

b) challenge them

c) accept their boundaries

d) control them

Exercise 2 – Matching

set clear boundaries

stand up for yourself

say no politely

respect someone’s limits

a) уважать чьи-то границы

b) постоять за себя

c) устанавливать чёткие границы

d) вежливо отказывать

Exercise 3 – Use It!

Complete the sentences using 2—3 expressions from Word Power.

If you feel overwhelmed at work, you should __________ and explain your situation.

Healthy teams __________ and communicate openly.

She decided to __________ about working late every weekend.

It is possible to __________ without damaging the relationship.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding – Sample Answers

Because they are afraid of disappointing others or creating conflict.

People may expect you to always agree, which can lead to stress and burnout.

It helps protect your time, energy, and professional respect.

They create mutual respect and more honest communication.

Sample answer: I find it hard to say no politely when someone really needs help, even if I am busy.

Exercise 1

b) define what is acceptable for you

b) protect your interests

a) refuse in a respectful way

c) accept their boundaries

Exercise 2

1 – c

2 – b

3 – d

4 – a

Exercise 3 – Sample Answers

If you feel overwhelmed at work, you should stand up for yourself and explain your situation.

Healthy teams respect someone’s limits and communicate openly.

She decided to set clear boundaries about working late every weekend.

It is possible to say no politely without damaging the relationship.

Handling Criticism

Word Power

1. take criticism personally

– воспринимать критику слишком лично

He tends to take criticism personally, even when it is helpful.

Он склонен воспринимать критику слишком лично, даже когда она полезная.

Try not to take criticism personally at work.

Старайся не воспринимать критику слишком лично на работе.

2. deal with criticism

– справляться с критикой

She learned how to deal with criticism in a professional way.

Она научилась справляться с критикой профессионально.

It is not easy to deal with criticism calmly.

Нелегко спокойно справляться с критикой.

3. take it on board

– принять к сведению и учесть

He took the advice on board and improved his performance.

Он принял совет к сведению и улучшил свою работу.

If you take feedback on board, you can grow faster.

Если ты принимаешь обратную связь к сведению, ты можешь расти быстрее.

4. react defensively

– реагировать защитно, оправдываться

She reacted defensively when her manager mentioned the mistake.

Она отреагировала защитно, когда менеджер упомянул ошибку.

People often react defensively if they feel attacked.

Люди часто реагируют защитно, если чувствуют нападение.

Reading Text

Criticism is a natural part of learning and professional development. However, many people find it difficult to deal with criticism, especially when it feels unexpected or unfair. One common reaction is to take criticism personally. When this happens, emotions can take control, and it becomes harder to think objectively.

Another typical reaction is to react defensively. For example, a person may immediately explain why the mistake was not their fault or blame external circumstances. While this reaction is understandable, it often prevents real improvement. If you react defensively, you may miss valuable information.

A more productive approach is to stay calm and try to deal with criticism in a constructive way. Instead of focusing on emotions, focus on the message. Ask yourself what you can learn from the situation. If the criticism is fair, take it on board and think about how to improve.

Handling criticism well requires practice and emotional intelligence. When you stop taking criticism personally and start using it as a tool for growth, you become more confident and resilient. Over time, you learn that criticism is not an attack, but an opportunity to develop your skills.

Check Your Understanding

Why do many people take criticism personally?

What happens when someone reacts defensively?

What is a more productive way to deal with criticism?

How can taking criticism on board help personal development?

How do you usually react when someone criticizes you?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

If you take criticism personally, you:

a) analyze it calmly

b) feel emotionally hurt

c) ignore it

d) thank the person

To react defensively means to:

a) accept advice

b) stay silent

c) protect yourself by arguing or explaining

d) agree immediately

If you take something on board, you:

a) forget it

b) consider and use it

c) reject it

d) misunderstand it

To deal with criticism successfully, you should:

a) avoid feedback

b) stay calm and reflect

c) argue loudly

d) blame others

Exercise 2 – Matching

take criticism personally

deal with criticism

take it on board

react defensively

a) реагировать защитно

b) воспринимать критику слишком лично

c) принять к сведению и учесть

d) справляться с критикой

Exercise 3 – Use It!

Complete the sentences using 2—3 expressions from Word Power.

Instead of __________, try to listen carefully to what is being said.

It is important not to __________ if you want to grow professionally.

She learned to __________ calmly and professionally.

After the meeting, he decided to __________ and improve his work.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding – Sample Answers

Because they feel emotionally hurt or think the criticism is an attack.

They may argue or justify themselves and miss useful advice.

Staying calm, focusing on the message, and learning from it.

It helps you improve your skills and become more resilient.

Sample answer: I sometimes take criticism personally at first, but I try to think about it calmly later.

Exercise 1

b) feel emotionally hurt

c) protect yourself by arguing or explaining

b) consider and use it

b) stay calm and reflect

Exercise 2

1 – b

2 – d

3 – c

4 – a

Exercise 3 – Sample Answers

Instead of reacting defensively, try to listen carefully to what is being said.

It is important not to take criticism personally if you want to grow professionally.

She learned to deal with criticism calmly and professionally.

After the meeting, he decided to take it on board and improve his work.

Job Interviews and First Days

Word Power

1. make a strong impression

– произвести сильное впечатление

She wanted to make a strong impression during the interview.

Она хотела произвести сильное впечатление во время собеседования.

Your first day at work is a chance to make a strong impression.

Первый рабочий день – это возможность произвести сильное впечатление.

2. highlight your strengths

– подчеркнуть свои сильные стороны

During the interview, he highlighted his strengths and experience.

Во время собеседования он подчеркнул свои сильные стороны и опыт.

It’s important to highlight your strengths without sounding arrogant.

Важно подчеркнуть свои сильные стороны, не звуча высокомерно.

3. ask thoughtful questions

– задавать продуманные вопросы

Candidates who ask thoughtful questions seem more motivated.

Кандидаты, которые задают продуманные вопросы, выглядят более мотивированными.

She asked thoughtful questions about the company’s future plans.

Она задала продуманные вопросы о будущих планах компании.

4. settle into a new role

– освоиться в новой роли

It took him a few weeks to settle into his new role.

Ему потребовалось несколько недель, чтобы освоиться в новой роли.

The team helped her settle into her new role quickly.

Команда помогла ей быстро освоиться в новой роли.

Reading Text

Job interviews and first days at work can be both exciting and stressful. During an interview, candidates usually try to make a strong impression by presenting themselves professionally and confidently. One of the most effective strategies is to highlight your strengths in a clear and structured way. Instead of giving general answers, successful candidates provide specific examples of their achievements.

Another important aspect of an interview is the ability to ask thoughtful questions. When you ask thoughtful questions about the company’s goals or team culture, you show genuine interest. This can help you make a strong impression and stand out from other applicants.

The first day at work is equally important. Even after getting the job, you continue to build your professional image. Many employees feel nervous at first, but this is natural. It takes time to settle into a new role and understand expectations.

To settle into a new role successfully, it is helpful to observe carefully, communicate openly, and continue to highlight your strengths through your actions. With preparation and a positive attitude, both interviews and first days can become valuable steps in your career development.

Check Your Understanding

How can candidates make a strong impression during an interview?

Why is it important to ask thoughtful questions?

Why do many employees feel nervous on their first day?

What helps a person settle into a new role successfully?

What do you think is the most difficult part of a job interview?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

To highlight your strengths means to:

a) hide your skills

b) emphasize your strong qualities

c) criticize yourself

d) change the topic

If you ask thoughtful questions, you:

a) show preparation and interest

b) interrupt the interviewer

c) avoid serious topics

d) confuse people

To settle into a new role means to:

a) leave the job

b) feel comfortable and understand your responsibilities

c) change positions

d) complain about tasks

Making a strong impression usually requires:

a) being silent

b) ignoring preparation

c) preparation and confidence

d) criticizing others

Exercise 2 – Matching

make a strong impression

highlight your strengths

ask thoughtful questions

settle into a new role

a) освоиться в новой роли

b) задать продуманные вопросы

c) произвести сильное впечатление

d) подчеркнуть свои сильные стороны

Exercise 3 – Use It!

Complete the sentences using 2—3 expressions from Word Power.

During the interview, she tried to __________ by speaking clearly and confidently.

To stand out from other candidates, you should __________ and give examples.

On his first day, he listened carefully in order to __________ more quickly.

Employers appreciate candidates who __________ about the company and its goals.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding – Sample Answers

By preparing well, highlighting their strengths, and asking thoughtful questions.

Because it shows genuine interest and preparation.

Because everything is new, and they are not yet familiar with expectations.

Observing carefully, communicating openly, and demonstrating strengths through actions.

Sample answer: I think the most difficult part is talking about my strengths without feeling nervous.

Exercise 1

b) emphasize your strong qualities

a) show preparation and interest

b) feel comfortable and understand your responsibilities

c) preparation and confidence

Exercise 2

1 – c

2 – d

3 – b

4 – a

Exercise 3 – Sample Answers

During the interview, she tried to make a strong impression by speaking clearly and confidently.

To stand out from other candidates, you should highlight your strengths and give examples.

On his first day, he listened carefully in order to settle into a new role more quickly.

Employers appreciate candidates who ask thoughtful questions about the company and its goals.

Taking Responsibility

Word Power

1. take responsibility for

– брать ответственность за что-либо

She took responsibility for the mistake in the report.

Она взяла ответственность за ошибку в отчёте.

It is important to take responsibility for your decisions.

Важно брать ответственность за свои решения.

2. admit a mistake

– признать ошибку

He admitted a mistake and corrected it immediately.

Он признал ошибку и сразу её исправил.

It takes courage to admit a mistake in front of the team.

Нужно мужество, чтобы признать ошибку перед командой.

3. be accountable for

– нести ответственность (в более формальном, профессиональном смысле)

Managers are accountable for their team’s performance.

Менеджеры несут ответственность за результаты своей команды.

Each employee is accountable for their tasks.

Каждый сотрудник отвечает за свои задачи.

4. take initiative

– проявлять инициативу

She took initiative and solved the problem before it became serious.

Она проявила инициативу и решила проблему до того, как она стала серьёзной.

Employees who take initiative are highly valued.

Сотрудники, которые проявляют инициативу, высоко ценятся.

Reading Text

Taking responsibility is a key quality in both personal and professional life. In the workplace, people are expected to be accountable for their actions and decisions. This means not only completing tasks, but also admitting a mistake when something goes wrong.

Many people find it difficult to admit a mistake because they are afraid of criticism. However, refusing to take responsibility for a problem can damage trust within a team. When employees openly admit a mistake and explain how they plan to fix it, they show maturity and professionalism.

Being accountable for your work also means meeting deadlines and delivering quality results. At the same time, responsible employees often take initiative. Instead of waiting for instructions, they look for solutions and try to improve processes. When someone takes initiative, it shows that they care about the overall success of the team.

Leaders especially need to take responsibility for both successes and failures. A strong leader is accountable for the team’s performance and does not blame others. In the long term, people who consistently take responsibility and admit a mistake when necessary earn respect and build strong professional relationships.

Check Your Understanding

What does it mean to be accountable for your work?

Why do some people find it difficult to admit a mistake?

How does refusing to take responsibility affect a team?

Why is taking initiative an important quality?

In what situations do you find it hard to take responsibility?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

If you take responsibility for something, you:

a) blame someone else

b) accept that it is your duty

c) ignore the problem

d) avoid discussion

To admit a mistake means to:

a) hide it

b) explain it

c) accept that you were wrong

d) repeat it

If you are accountable for a task, you:

a) are responsible for its result

b) share it with everyone

c) forget about it

d) change it

To take initiative means to:

a) wait for instructions

b) criticize others

c) act independently and start something

d) avoid responsibility

Exercise 2 – Matching

take responsibility for

admit a mistake

be accountable for

take initiative

a) нести ответственность

b) признать ошибку

c) проявлять инициативу

d) брать ответственность за

Exercise 3 – Use It!

Complete the sentences using 2—3 expressions from Word Power.

A good employee is ready to __________ problems and fix them.

Managers must __________ their team’s performance.

Instead of waiting for instructions, she decided to __________.

It is important to __________ your actions in difficult situations.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding – Sample Answers

It means being responsible for the results of your tasks and decisions.

Because they are afraid of criticism or negative consequences.

It can damage trust and create conflict within the team.

Because it shows independence, responsibility, and commitment.

Sample answer: I find it hard to take responsibility when the situation involves other people and shared decisions.

Exercise 1

b) accept that it is your duty

c) accept that you were wrong

a) are responsible for its result

c) act independently and start something

Exercise 2

1 – d

2 – b

3 – a

4 – c

Exercise 3 – Sample Answers

A good employee is ready to admit a mistake and fix it.

Managers must be accountable for their team’s performance.

Instead of waiting for instructions, she decided to take initiative.

It is important to take responsibility for your actions in difficult situations.

Working Under Pressure

Word Power

1. work under pressure

– работать в условиях давления, стресса

Some people perform well when they work under pressure.

Некоторые люди хорошо работают в условиях давления.

It is not always easy to work under pressure and stay calm.

Не всегда легко работать под давлением и сохранять спокойствие.

2. meet tight deadlines

– укладываться в жёсткие сроки

The team had to meet tight deadlines before the product launch.

Команде нужно было уложиться в жёсткие сроки перед запуском продукта.

She is good at meeting tight deadlines.

Она умеет работать в условиях жёстких сроков.

3. stay focused

– сохранять концентрацию

It is important to stay focused during busy periods.

Важно сохранять концентрацию в напряжённые периоды.

He stayed focused despite the noise in the office.

Он сохранял концентрацию, несмотря на шум в офисе.

4. cope with stress

– справляться со стрессом

She learned how to cope with stress in a healthy way.

Она научилась справляться со стрессом здоровым способом.

Exercise can help you cope with stress.

Физические упражнения помогают справляться со стрессом.

Reading Text

Modern workplaces often require employees to work under pressure. Projects may change quickly, clients may have high expectations, and teams are expected to meet tight deadlines. In such situations, the ability to stay focused becomes essential.

When people work under pressure, they sometimes feel overwhelmed. However, pressure is not always negative. For some employees, a challenging situation increases motivation and productivity. The key difference lies in how individuals cope with stress. Those who develop healthy strategies, such as planning tasks carefully or taking short breaks, are more likely to stay focused and meet tight deadlines successfully.

Time management also plays a crucial role. When tasks are clearly prioritized, it becomes easier to work under pressure without losing control. Instead of reacting emotionally, professionals try to cope with stress by concentrating on solutions.

In the long term, the ability to meet tight deadlines and stay focused improves career opportunities. Employers value people who can work under pressure and cope with stress effectively. Although pressure is unavoidable in many industries, learning to manage it calmly and professionally can turn a stressful situation into an opportunity for growth.

Check Your Understanding

Why do many workplaces require employees to work under pressure?

How can pressure sometimes have a positive effect?

What helps people stay focused during stressful periods?

Why is time management important when meeting tight deadlines?

How do you usually cope with stress at work or school?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

If you work under pressure, you:

a) work in relaxed conditions

b) work in stressful conditions

c) avoid responsibility

d) work alone

To meet tight deadlines means to:

a) miss deadlines

b) extend deadlines

c) complete tasks on time despite limited time

d) cancel tasks

If you stay focused, you:

a) get distracted easily

b) maintain concentration

c) change your plans

d) stop working

To cope with stress means to:

a) increase stress

b) ignore stress

c) manage stress successfully

d) create problems

Exercise 2 – Matching

work under pressure

meet tight deadlines

stay focused

cope with stress

a) сохранять концентрацию

b) работать под давлением

c) справляться со стрессом

d) укладываться в жёсткие сроки

Exercise 3 – Use It!

Complete the sentences using 2—3 expressions from Word Power.

During exam week, students often have to __________ and __________.

She managed to __________ even when the office was very busy.

Good planning helps you __________ more effectively.

Employers appreciate candidates who can __________ and remain calm.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding – Sample Answers

Because projects change quickly and clients have high expectations.

It can increase motivation and productivity for some people.

Healthy stress-management strategies and clear planning.

Because it helps prioritize tasks and avoid losing control.

Sample answer: I cope with stress by organizing my tasks and taking short breaks.

Exercise 1

b) work in stressful conditions

c) complete tasks on time despite limited time

b) maintain concentration

c) manage stress successfully

Exercise 2

1 – b

2 – d

3 – a

4 – c

Exercise 3 – Sample Answers

During exam week, students often have to work under pressure and meet tight deadlines.

She managed to stay focused even when the office was very busy.

Good planning helps you cope with stress more effectively.

Employers appreciate candidates who can work under pressure and remain calm.

Time Management Skills

Word Power

1. manage your time effectively

– эффективно управлять своим временем

Students need to manage their time effectively before exams.

Студентам нужно эффективно управлять своим временем перед экзаменами.

If you manage your time effectively, you feel less stressed.

Если ты эффективно управляешь временем, ты испытываешь меньше стресса.

2. prioritize tasks

– расставлять задачи по приоритету

She prioritized tasks according to their importance.

Она расставила задачи по приоритету в зависимости от их важности.

It’s important to prioritize tasks when you are busy.

Важно расставлять задачи по приоритету, когда ты занят.

3. keep track of

– отслеживать, контролировать

He keeps track of his deadlines using a planner.

Он отслеживает свои дедлайны с помощью планера.

It’s hard to keep track of multiple projects without a system.

Сложно отслеживать несколько проектов без системы.

4. avoid distractions

– избегать отвлекающих факторов

She avoids distractions by turning off notifications.

Она избегает отвлекающих факторов, отключая уведомления.

To work productively, you must avoid distractions.

Чтобы работать продуктивно, нужно избегать отвлекающих факторов.

Reading Text

Time management is one of the most important skills in modern life. Whether you are a student or a professional, you need to manage your time effectively in order to achieve your goals. Without proper planning, tasks can quickly become overwhelming.

A key strategy is to prioritize tasks. Not all tasks are equally important or urgent. By identifying what needs immediate attention, you can focus your energy more efficiently. People who prioritize tasks usually complete important projects on time and experience less stress.

Another important habit is to keep track of deadlines and responsibilities. Many successful professionals use digital calendars or planners to keep track of meetings, projects, and personal commitments. When you keep track of your tasks, you reduce the risk of forgetting something important.

Finally, learning to avoid distractions is essential. Social media, emails, and phone notifications can easily interrupt your concentration. If you want to manage your time effectively, you must create a working environment where you can focus. By prioritizing tasks, keeping track of your responsibilities, and avoiding distractions, you can significantly improve your productivity and maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Check Your Understanding

Why is time management important in modern life?

What does it mean to prioritize tasks?

How can keeping track of deadlines help you?

Why are distractions a problem for productivity?

What methods do you use to manage your time effectively?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

To manage your time effectively means to:

a) ignore deadlines

b) use your time wisely

c) work without breaks

d) delay tasks

If you prioritize tasks, you:

a) complete easy tasks first

b) ignore important tasks

c) decide which tasks are most important

d) cancel meetings

To keep track of something means to:

a) forget it

b) monitor or record it

c) change it

d) share it

If you avoid distractions, you:

a) focus better

b) work slower

c) multitask constantly

d) answer every message immediately

Exercise 2 – Matching

manage your time effectively

prioritize tasks

keep track of

avoid distractions

a) расставлять задачи по приоритету

b) отслеживать

c) эффективно управлять временем

d) избегать отвлекающих факторов

Exercise 3 – Use It!

Complete the sentences using 2—3 expressions from Word Power.

To succeed in university, students must __________ and __________ deadlines.

When you are busy, it is important to __________ instead of doing everything at once.

She turns off her phone to __________ while studying.

Good planning helps you __________ in both work and personal life.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding – Sample Answers

Because it helps people complete tasks efficiently and reduce stress.

It means deciding which tasks are most important or urgent.

It helps you avoid missing important deadlines and responsibilities.

Because they interrupt concentration and reduce efficiency.

Sample answer: I use a digital calendar to keep track of my deadlines and prioritize tasks every morning.

Exercise 1

b) use your time wisely

c) decide which tasks are most important

b) monitor or record it

a) focus better

Exercise 2

1 – c

2 – a

3 – b

4 – d

Exercise 3 – Sample Answers

To succeed in university, students must manage their time effectively and keep track of deadlines.

When you are busy, it is important to prioritize tasks instead of doing everything at once.

She turns off her phone to avoid distractions while studying.

Good planning helps you manage your time effectively in both work and personal life.

Meeting Deadlines

Word Power

1. meet a deadline

– уложиться в срок

She worked late to meet the project deadline.

Она задержалась на работе, чтобы уложиться в срок проекта.

Meeting deadlines is crucial in professional environments.

Укладываться в сроки крайне важно в профессиональной среде.

2. fall behind schedule

– отставать от графика

The team fell behind schedule because of unexpected problems.

Команда отстала от графика из-за неожиданных проблем.

If you fall behind schedule, you may need extra hours to catch up.

Если вы отстаёте от графика, возможно, потребуется дополнительное время, чтобы наверстать.

3. plan ahead

– планировать заранее

It’s easier to meet deadlines if you plan ahead.

Проще уложиться в сроки, если планировать заранее.

He always plans ahead to avoid last-minute stress.

Он всегда планирует заранее, чтобы избежать стресса в последнюю минуту.

4. prioritize tasks

– расставлять задачи по приоритету

To meet tight deadlines, you should prioritize tasks.

Чтобы уложиться в жёсткие сроки, нужно расставлять задачи по приоритету.

She prioritized tasks according to urgency and importance.

Она расставила задачи по приоритету, исходя из срочности и важности.

Reading Text

Meeting deadlines is an essential skill in both professional and academic life. Projects often have strict timelines, and failing to deliver on time can affect your reputation and team performance. The ability to plan ahead is crucial. By organizing tasks and estimating how long each will take, you can avoid last-minute pressure.

Despite careful planning, unexpected events can occur. Teams sometimes fall behind schedule due to technical problems, illness, or other delays. When this happens, it is important to communicate early and adjust priorities. Employees who manage to meet deadlines consistently are highly valued by employers.

Prioritizing tasks is another key strategy. Not all tasks are equally urgent, and focusing on the most important ones first helps ensure deadlines are met. Breaking large projects into smaller, manageable steps also makes it easier to track progress.

In addition, taking responsibility and planning ahead can reduce stress and improve productivity. When individuals understand the importance of meeting deadlines and actively organize their work, they develop professionalism and reliability. Over time, these skills contribute to long-term career success.

Check Your Understanding

Why is meeting deadlines important in professional life?

What can happen if a team falls behind schedule?

How does planning ahead help in meeting deadlines?

Why is prioritizing tasks useful?

How do you personally ensure you meet your deadlines?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 – Multiple Choice

To meet a deadline means to:

a) complete a task on time

b) start a task later

c) postpone work

d) ignore the timeline

If you fall behind schedule, you:

a) finish tasks early

b) are late compared to the plan

c) plan ahead

d) complete tasks on time

To plan ahead means to:

a) wait for instructions

b) organize tasks in advance

c) react to problems only when they occur

d) ignore deadlines

Prioritizing tasks helps you:

a) focus on the most important tasks first

b) avoid work

c) do everything at the same time

d) forget some tasks

Exercise 2 – Matching

meet a deadline

fall behind schedule

plan ahead

prioritize tasks

a) отставать от графика

b) уложиться в срок

c) планировать заранее

d) расставлять задачи по приоритету

Exercise 3 – Use It!

Complete the sentences using 2—3 expressions from Word Power.

To avoid last-minute stress, it is important to __________.

If the project is too big, you should __________ to ensure progress.

When the team faced unexpected delays, they almost __________.

Employees who consistently __________ are highly valued.

Answer Key

Check Your Understanding – Sample Answers

Because failing to deliver on time can affect reputation, team performance, and professional reliability.

The project may be delayed, extra hours may be needed, and stress can increase.

It helps organize tasks, estimate time, and avoid last-minute pressure.

It ensures the most important tasks are completed on time and resources are used efficiently.

Sample answer: I use a planner to organize tasks, break projects into smaller steps, and check progress regularly.

Exercise 1

a) complete a task on time

b) are late compared to the plan

b) organize tasks in advance

a) focus on the most important tasks first

Exercise 2

1 – b

2 – a

3 – c

4 – d

Exercise 3 – Sample Answers

To avoid last-minute stress, it is important to plan ahead.

If the project is too big, you should prioritize tasks to ensure progress.

When the team faced unexpected delays, they almost fell behind schedule.

Employees who consistently meet a deadline are highly valued.

Teamwork and Collaboration

Word Power

1. work as a team

– работать в команде

To complete the project successfully, everyone needs to work as a team.

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