Английский для старшеклассников
Лексика, тексты и упражнения для старшеклассников
Джуди Грэммер

© Джуди Грэммер, 2026

ISBN 978-5-0069-5757-2

Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero

Введение

Дорогие читатели!

Эта книга предназначена для старшеклассников, которые готовятся к экзаменам и хотят развивать навыки английского языка для жизни. В ней собраны темы, которые часто встречаются на экзаменах, а также важные для общения, учёбы и будущей работы.

После текста приведены вопросы для обсуждения, которые помогают выражать мнение, приводить аргументы и развивать устную речь. Упражнения на закрепление включают задания на вставку слов, сопоставление с определениями и написание короткого эссе. В конце каждой главы даются ответы и пример эссе, чтобы учащиеся могли проверить себя, оценить свои ошибки и использовать образец для написания собственных текстов.

Книга рассчитана как на самостоятельное изучение, так и на работу с учителем. Для эффективного изучения рекомендуется сначала ознакомиться с ключевой лексикой, затем прочитать текст и попытаться ответить на вопросы, после чего выполнить упражнения. Рекомендуется обсуждать темы вслух и писать свои ответы на вопросы, чтобы развивать все навыки языка одновременно.

Эта структура позволяет постепенно увеличивать словарный запас, улучшать понимание текста, развивать навыки письма и уверенно говорить на английском языке на разные темы. Регулярная работа с книгой помогает систематизировать знания, подготовиться к экзаменам и применять язык в реальной жизни.

Topic 1: Personal Identity and Self-Development

Ключевая лексика

identity – личность

Example: Understanding your identity is important for personal growth.

self-development – саморазвитие

Example: Reading books helps with self-development.

personality – характер, личность

Example: Her personality is friendly and open.

strength – сильная сторона

Example: One of my strengths is patience.

weakness – слабая сторона

Example: Everyone has weaknesses.

goal – цель

Example: Setting clear goals helps you succeed.

ambition – амбиции

Example: His ambition is to become a scientist.

motivation – мотивация

Example: Motivation helps people overcome challenges.

self-confidence – уверенность в себе

Example: Self-confidence grows with experience.

self-esteem – самооценка

Example: High self-esteem is important for happiness.

reflection – размышление, самоанализ

Example: Reflection helps you understand your actions.

responsibility – ответственность

Example: Taking responsibility is part of adulthood.

decision-making – принятие решений

Example: Good decision-making is a useful skill.

challenge – вызов

Example: Facing challenges helps you grow.

resilience – стойкость

Example: Resilience allows people to recover from failures.

skill – навык

Example: Communication skills are essential in any job.

habit – привычка

Example: Developing good habits is crucial for success.

personal growth – личностный рост

Example: Travel can promote personal growth.

mindfulness – осознанность

Example: Mindfulness helps reduce stress.

self-improvement – самосовершенствование

Example: Self-improvement requires effort and patience.

Текст для чтения

Personal identity is the combination of qualities, beliefs, and experiences that make a person unique. Understanding yourself is essential for self-development because it helps you recognize your strengths and weaknesses. People often set goals to improve their skills, develop good habits, and achieve personal growth.

Self-confidence and self-esteem are important aspects of identity. When you trust yourself and your abilities, you are more motivated to face challenges and make decisions independently. Reflection is a useful tool: thinking about past experiences helps people learn and improve.

Ambition and motivation push individuals to reach higher goals. However, resilience is equally important, because failure is a natural part of life. Developing new skills, taking responsibility for your actions, and practicing mindfulness can all support self-improvement.

In modern society, personal identity is not fixed. People can change their habits, adopt new perspectives, and develop talents at any age. The journey of self-development is lifelong, and each step contributes to a better understanding of who we are and what we want in life.

Вопросы для обсуждения

How do you understand your own identity?

Which personal qualities do you consider your strengths?

Can people change their personality over time? Why or why not?

How do challenges help with self-development?

Which habits are most important for personal growth?

How does reflection help people improve themselves?

Упражнение 1: Fill in the gaps

Use the words: identity, strength, goal, motivation, resilience, habit, reflection

Setting a clear _______ helps you focus on your future.

Everyone has a unique _______ that makes them special.

Practicing a new _______ every day can lead to success.

Facing difficulties with _______ helps you recover from failures.

Knowing your main _______ can boost your confidence.

Daily _______ about your actions improves your self-awareness.

Strong _______ encourages people to achieve their dreams.

Упражнение 2: Match the word with its definition

A. self-confidence

B. ambition

C. mindfulness

D. weakness

E. personal growth

The process of improving yourself and learning new skills – ___

The belief in your own abilities – ___

A strong desire to achieve something – ___

Paying full attention to the present moment – ___

A quality or area where someone is not strong – ___

Упражнение 3: Write your opinion

Write a short essay (100—120 words) on the topic: “What personal qualities are important for self-development and why?”

Plan/questions to help:

What qualities do you think are important?

How can these qualities help in school, work, or daily life?

Give examples from your experience or from famous people.

How can someone develop these qualities?

Ключи

Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps

goal, identity, habit, resilience, strength, reflection, motivation

Exercise 2: Match the word with its definition

personal growth – E

self-confidence – A

ambition – B

mindfulness – C

weakness – D

Discussion questions – примерные ответы

How do you understand your own identity? – I think my identity is shaped by my values, experiences, and personality.

Which personal qualities do you consider your strengths? – I consider my patience and creativity as my main strengths.

Can people change their personality over time? Why or why not? – Yes, people can change habits and develop new skills, which affects personality.

How do challenges help with self-development? – Challenges teach you to solve problems and become more resilient.

Which habits are most important for personal growth? – Reading, planning, and practicing skills regularly are very important.

How does reflection help people improve themselves? – Reflection helps you understand mistakes and make better decisions in the future.

Exercise 3: Sample essay

Personal development depends on several important qualities. Motivation is necessary because it helps people achieve their goals. Self-confidence allows individuals to face challenges without fear of failure. Resilience is also very important, as setbacks are a natural part of life. Reflection helps us learn from past experiences and make better decisions. Developing good habits, such as planning daily tasks and practicing new skills, supports personal growth. For example, I improved my communication skills by participating in school debates and teamwork projects. Overall, self-development is a lifelong process, and cultivating these qualities helps people understand themselves better and succeed in school, work, and life.

Topic 2: Family and Relatives

Ключевая лексика

family – семья

Example: Family is very important for emotional support.

relative – родственник

Example: I have many relatives living in different cities.

parent – родитель

Example: My parents help me with my homework.

sibling – брат или сестра

Example: I have one sibling, a younger sister.

grandparent – дедушка или бабушка

Example: My grandparents often tell me stories about their childhood.

cousin – двоюродный брат или сестра

Example: I like spending holidays with my cousins.

marriage – брак

Example: Marriage is an important step in life for many people.

divorce – развод

Example: Divorce can be difficult for children.

adoption – усыновление

Example: Adoption gives children a chance to have a loving family.

household – домашнее хозяйство

Example: We all help with household chores.

generation – поколение

Example: There is a big age gap between generations in my family.

ancestor – предок

Example: I am proud of my ancestors and their achievements.

heritage – наследие

Example: Family traditions are part of our cultural heritage.

support – поддержка

Example: Family support helps people during hard times.

bond – связь

Example: There is a strong bond between siblings.

care – забота

Example: Parents provide care for their children.

responsibility – ответственность

Example: Taking care of younger siblings is my responsibility.

family values – семейные ценности

Example: Respect and honesty are important family values.

relation – отношения

Example: Good relations with relatives improve family life.

conflict – конфликт

Example: Conflicts sometimes happen between siblings.

Текст для чтения

Family plays an essential role in our lives. It provides support, care, and guidance. Parents help children learn important skills and values, while grandparents often share experiences and family traditions. Siblings can be friends, rivals, or teachers, but they always influence our development.

Family relationships can be complicated. Conflicts sometimes occur, but they can teach important lessons about communication, compromise, and respect. Marriage and adoption create new family bonds and responsibilities. Many people believe that strong family values, such as honesty, respect, and support, are key to happiness and success.

Different generations in a family have different experiences and perspectives. Understanding these differences helps maintain harmony and respect. Family is not only about living together but also about emotional connections and mutual care. Even when relatives live far apart, maintaining contact and building strong relations remains important.

Вопросы для обсуждения

How important is family in your life?

Which family member do you spend the most time with and why?

Can family conflicts be useful? Why or why not?

How do family values influence personal development?

What role do grandparents play in families today?

How has your relationship with your siblings changed over time?

Упражнение 1: Fill in the gaps

Use the words: relative, sibling, bond, support, responsibility, heritage, conflict

I have a close _______ with my brother.

Parents give children emotional _______ in difficult times.

My grandfather told me stories about our family _______.

Every family member has a _______ to help others.

Sometimes there is a _______ between siblings, but it can be resolved.

A cousin is a type of _______ in the family.

Family trips and celebrations create a strong emotional _______ among relatives.

Упражнение 2: Match the word with its definition

A. adoption

B. ancestor

C. generation

D. marriage

E. care

Taking care of children or relatives – ___

A formal union of two people – ___

A person from whom you are descended – ___

The act of legally giving a child a family – ___

People born around the same time in a family – ___

Упражнение 3: Write your opinion

Write a short essay (100—120 words) on the topic: “Why is family important for personal development?”

Plan/questions to help:

How does family support your growth and education?

Which family relationships are most influential?

How can conflicts teach important life lessons?

Give examples from your own family or famous families.

Ключи

Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps

sibling, support, heritage, responsibility, conflict, relative, bond

Exercise 2: Match the word with its definition

care – E

marriage – D

ancestor – B

adoption – A

generation – C

Discussion questions – примерные ответы

How important is family in your life? – Family is very important because it provides support, love, and guidance.

Which family member do you spend the most time with and why? – I spend the most time with my sister because we go to school and do activities together.

Can family conflicts be useful? Why or why not? – Yes, conflicts teach communication skills and how to compromise.

How do family values influence personal development? – Family values, like honesty and respect, shape the way we behave and make decisions.

What role do grandparents play in families today? – Grandparents share wisdom, traditions, and care for grandchildren.

How has your relationship with your siblings changed over time? – We have grown closer as we understand each other better.

Exercise 3: Sample essay

Family is very important for personal development. Parents teach children values, support them in studies, and guide them through difficult situations. Siblings can be friends and teachers, helping us learn cooperation and communication. Grandparents share wisdom and family traditions that create a sense of identity and heritage. Even conflicts can be useful because they teach problem-solving and patience. A strong family bond gives emotional security, which allows people to take risks and pursue goals. For example, I learned responsibility by helping my younger brother and developed patience through family discussions. Overall, family provides love, support, and guidance that are essential for growth and personal development.

Topic 3: Friendships

Ключевая лексика

friendship – дружба

Example: Friendship is based on trust and mutual respect.

friend – друг

Example: My best friend always supports me.

peer – сверстник

Example: Peers can influence our opinions and behavior.

trust – доверие

Example: Trust is the foundation of a strong friendship.

loyalty – верность

Example: Loyalty makes friendships stronger.

support – поддержка

Example: Friends provide emotional support during hard times.

communication – общение

Example: Good communication helps avoid misunderstandings.

conflict – конфликт

Example: Conflicts sometimes happen, but they can be resolved.

understanding – понимание

Example: Understanding each other is important in any friendship.

empathy – эмпатия

Example: Empathy allows friends to feel each other’s emotions.

reliability – надёжность

Example: A reliable friend always keeps promises.

companionship – товарищество

Example: Companionship makes life more enjoyable.

respect – уважение

Example: Respecting differences is important in friendships.

supportive – поддерживающий

Example: A supportive friend gives advice without judgment.

honesty – честность

Example: Honesty is necessary for trust in a friendship.

fun – веселье

Example: Spending fun time together strengthens friendship.

shared interests – общие интересы

Example: Shared interests help people connect and bond.

relationship – отношения

Example: Building strong relationships requires effort.

bond – связь

Example: A strong bond grows over years of friendship.

loyal – верный

Example: A loyal friend stays by your side in difficult times.

advice – совет

Example: I often ask my friends for advice on problems.

Текст для чтения

Friendship is an important part of life. Friends provide support, understanding, and companionship. Good friends share common interests, spend time together, and help each other during difficult times.

Trust and loyalty are key aspects of strong friendships. Friends rely on each other and give honest advice when needed. Communication and empathy are essential because they help friends understand each other and resolve conflicts.

Friendships can change over time. Some friends stay close for years, while others drift apart due to different interests or life circumstances. Conflicts are natural, but handling them respectfully can strengthen relationships. Fun moments, shared experiences, and mutual respect create a lasting bond that supports personal growth and emotional well-being.

In modern life, maintaining friendships requires effort, especially when friends live far apart. Social media and technology help people stay connected, but face-to-face interactions remain important for building trust and closeness.

Вопросы для обсуждения

How do you define a good friend?

What qualities are most important in a friendship?

Can friendships change over time? How?

How do conflicts affect friendships?

How do friends influence personal development?

What role do shared interests play in friendships?

Упражнение 1: Fill in the gaps

Use the words: trust, loyalty, empathy, support, bond, conflict, shared interests

A strong friendship is based on _______ and honesty.

Friends show _______ by helping each other in difficult times.

______ allows friends to understand each other’s feelings.

Disagreements can cause _______ but can be resolved with communication.

Fun activities and _______ make friendships closer.

A lasting emotional _______ develops over years of friendship.

Loyal friends show _______ even in challenging situations.

Упражнение 2: Match the word with its definition

A. reliability

B. companionship

C. supportive

D. honesty

E. understanding

Being trustworthy and keeping promises – ___

Providing friendship and spending time together – ___

Giving help and encouragement – ___

Telling the truth and being sincere – ___

Being able to know and respect another person’s feelings – ___

Упражнение 3: Write your opinion

Write a short essay (100—120 words) on the topic: “What makes a friendship strong and lasting?”

Plan/questions to help:

Which qualities are essential for a good friend?

How do friends help us grow as people?

How can conflicts be resolved in a healthy way?

Give examples from your own experience or famous friendships.

Ключи

Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps

trust, support, empathy, conflict, shared interests, bond, loyalty

Exercise 2: Match the word with its definition

reliability – A

companionship – B

supportive – C

honesty – D

understanding – E

Discussion questions – примерные ответы

How do you define a good friend? – A good friend is someone you can trust, who supports you and shares your values.

What qualities are most important in a friendship? – Trust, loyalty, empathy, and honesty are most important.

Can friendships change over time? How? – Yes, friendships can change due to different interests, life events, or personal growth.

How do conflicts affect friendships? – Conflicts can be challenging, but resolving them respectfully can make the friendship stronger.

How do friends influence personal development? – Friends motivate, advise, and inspire us to grow and improve.

What role do shared interests play in friendships? – Shared interests help people connect and spend enjoyable time together.

Exercise 3: Sample essay

A strong and lasting friendship requires several important qualities. Trust and honesty are essential because friends rely on each other and share feelings openly. Loyalty helps friends stay close even in difficult times. Empathy and understanding allow friends to support each other and resolve conflicts respectfully. Shared interests and fun activities create enjoyable experiences and strengthen the bond. Friends also help personal development by giving advice, encouragement, and motivation. For example, my best friend helps me prepare for exams and supports me when I feel stressed. Overall, friendship is built on trust, care, and mutual respect, which makes it strong and lasting.

Topic 4: Relationships and Dating

Ключевая лексика

relationship – отношения

Example: Healthy relationships are based on trust and respect.

dating – свидания

Example: Many teenagers start dating in high school.

boyfriend / girlfriend – парень / девушка

Example: She has a new boyfriend at school.

friendship – дружба

Example: Friendship is important before starting a romantic relationship.

trust – доверие

Example: Trust is very important in any relationship.

communication – общение

Example: Good communication helps avoid misunderstandings.

respect – уважение

Example: Respect each other’s feelings in a relationship.

boundaries – границы

Example: Setting boundaries helps people feel safe.

feelings – чувства

Example: It’s important to talk about your feelings honestly.

attraction – влечение

Example: Physical and emotional attraction often start dating.

commitment – обязательство

Example: Commitment means being responsible in the relationship.

support – поддержка

Example: Partners should support each other in difficult times.

empathy – эмпатия

Example: Empathy allows people to understand their partner’s feelings.

conflict – конфликт

Example: Conflicts are normal but should be solved peacefully.

honesty – честность

Example: Honesty helps build a strong relationship.

compromise – компромисс

Example: Sometimes compromise is necessary to avoid arguments.

friend zone – дружеские отношения без романтики

Example: He asked her out, but she put him in the friend zone.

trustworthy – заслуживающий доверия

Example: A trustworthy partner keeps promises and respects you.

relationship advice – советы по отношениям

Example: I often ask friends for relationship advice.

mutual interests – общие интересы

Example: Mutual interests help couples spend time together happily.

Текст для чтения

Teenagers often start exploring romantic relationships in high school. Relationships are about more than attraction; trust, respect, and communication are essential. Friendship is often the foundation of a healthy relationship, as partners learn to support and understand each other.

Dating can be exciting but sometimes challenging. Conflicts may occur because of misunderstandings or different expectations. Compromise and empathy help resolve problems and maintain harmony. Setting boundaries is important so that both people feel safe and respected.

Honesty is another key factor. Teenagers should talk openly about their feelings and intentions to avoid confusion. Mutual interests make spending time together enjoyable, and support strengthens the bond between partners.

A healthy relationship helps young people develop self-confidence, empathy, and responsibility. However, it’s also important to balance school, friendships, and personal growth while dating.

Вопросы для обсуждения

What qualities are important in a romantic relationship?

How can friendships help start a healthy relationship?

Why is trust so important in dating?

How should conflicts be solved in teenage relationships?

What role do mutual interests play in dating?

How can dating affect personal growth and school life?

Упражнение 1: Fill in the gaps

Use the words: trust, respect, communication, compromise, boundaries, honesty, support

Healthy relationships require _______ and respect.

Talking about your feelings honestly is called _______.

Good _______ prevents misunderstandings.

Sometimes you need to _______ to avoid arguments.

Setting _______ helps people feel safe in a relationship.

Friends and partners should give emotional _______ to each other.

Being truthful with your partner shows _______.

Упражнение 2: Match the word with its definition

A. empathy

B. mutual interests

C. commitment

D. attraction

E. trustworthy

Understanding someone’s feelings – ___

Shared hobbies or activities – ___

Being responsible and loyal in a relationship – ___

Feeling drawn to someone – ___

Someone you can rely on and trust – ___

Упражнение 3: Write your opinion

Write a short essay (100—120 words) on the topic: “What makes teenage relationships healthy?”

Plan/questions to help:

Which qualities are important in a boyfriend or girlfriend?

How can conflicts be resolved peacefully?

How do friendships and mutual interests help?

Give examples from school life or friends (without personal sensitive details).

Ключи

Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps

trust, honesty, communication, compromise, boundaries, support, respect

Exercise 2: Match the word with its definition

empathy – A

mutual interests – B

commitment – C

attraction – D

trustworthy – E

Discussion questions – примерные ответы

What qualities are important in a romantic relationship? – Trust, respect, honesty, empathy, and communication are important.

How can friendships help start a healthy relationship? – Friendship helps partners understand each other and develop trust before dating.

Why is trust so important in dating? – Trust allows people to feel safe and rely on each other.

How should conflicts be solved in teenage relationships? – Conflicts should be solved with communication, compromise, and respect.

What role do mutual interests play in dating? – Shared interests make spending time together enjoyable and strengthen the bond.

How can dating affect personal growth and school life? – Healthy relationships can improve self-confidence and empathy, but it’s important to balance school and personal growth.

Exercise 3: Sample essay

Healthy teenage relationships are based on trust, respect, and honesty. Communication helps partners understand each other and solve conflicts peacefully. Empathy allows teenagers to notice their partner’s feelings and provide support. Mutual interests, like hobbies or school activities, make spending time together fun and strengthen the bond. Friendships often become the foundation of romantic relationships, helping partners build trust and confidence. Setting boundaries ensures both people feel safe and respected. Overall, a healthy relationship teaches responsibility, empathy, and communication, which are useful skills for personal growth and future relationships. Balancing school, friendships, and dating is also important for teenagers.

Topic 5: Daily Routine

Ключевая лексика

daily routine – ежедневный распорядок

Example: A healthy daily routine helps manage time effectively.

schedule – расписание

Example: I follow a strict schedule during exam week.

habit – привычка

Example: Reading every morning is a good habit.

wake up – просыпаться

Example: I usually wake up at 7 a.m. on weekdays.

go to bed – ложиться спать

Example: It’s important to go to bed early for enough rest.

morning – утро

Example: I like to have breakfast in the morning.

evening – вечер

Example: I usually relax in the evening after school.

breakfast – завтрак

Example: A healthy breakfast gives energy for the day.

lunch – обед

Example: I have lunch at school at 1 p.m.

dinner – ужин

Example: We eat dinner together as a family.

homework – домашняя работа

Example: I spend about two hours on homework every day.

exercise – физическая активность

Example: Morning exercise helps me wake up and feel energetic.

free time – свободное время

Example: I use my free time to read or play sports.

study – учиться

Example: I study English for an hour every day.

chores – домашние обязанности

Example: I help my parents with household chores on weekends.

relax – отдыхать

Example: Watching TV is a way to relax after school.

commute – путь до школы / работы

Example: My commute to school takes twenty minutes.

plan – планировать

Example: I plan my day to avoid stress.

prioritize – расставлять приоритеты

Example: I prioritize homework before watching TV.

productive – продуктивный

Example: A productive morning helps me finish my tasks on time.

Текст для чтения

Having a daily routine helps teenagers organize their time and be productive. Most students wake up early, have breakfast, and go to school. After classes, they may do homework, participate in sports, or attend clubs.

Planning the day is very important. By prioritizing tasks, students can finish important work first and avoid stress. Developing good habits, such as exercising in the morning or studying regularly, improves personal growth and health.

Evenings are often for relaxation, spending time with family, or pursuing hobbies. Weekends may include chores, social activities, or extra study. A balanced daily routine helps students manage school, friendships, and personal development.

Some teenagers struggle to follow routines, but small steps, like going to bed and waking up at the same time, can make a big difference. Being consistent with daily habits builds responsibility, self-discipline, and better time management.

Вопросы для обсуждения

What does your daily routine look like?

Which part of your day is most productive?

How do good habits help you in school?

Do you think teenagers need a strict schedule? Why or why not?

How do you balance school, hobbies, and free time?

Which habits would you like to improve in your daily routine?

Упражнение 1: Fill in the gaps

Use the words: schedule, wake up, homework, chores, relax, prioritize, productive

I usually _______ at 7 a.m. every day.

I follow a strict _______ to manage my time.

After school, I do my _______ before free time.

On weekends, I help with household _______.

In the evening, I like to _______ and watch TV.

It’s important to _______ important tasks first.

A _______ morning helps me finish my work efficiently.

Упражнение 2: Match the word with its definition

A. habit

B. commute

C. prioritize

D. routine

E. productive

A repeated action that becomes automatic – ___

The way you travel to school or work – ___

Deciding which tasks are most important – ___

A regular sequence of daily activities – ___

Achieving a lot in a certain period of time – ___

Упражнение 3: Write your opinion

Write a short essay (100—120 words) on the topic: “How can a daily routine help teenagers succeed?”

Plan/questions to help:

Which habits are most helpful during school days?

How does planning and prioritizing improve results?

How should free time and hobbies be included?

Give examples from your own routine or school experience.

Ключи

Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps

wake up, schedule, homework, chores, relax, prioritize, productive

Exercise 2: Match the word with its definition

habit – A

commute – B

prioritize – C

routine – D

productive – E

Discussion questions – примерные ответы

What does your daily routine look like? – I wake up at 7 a.m., go to school, do homework, exercise, and relax in the evening.

Which part of your day is most productive? – My morning is most productive because I focus on studying before other activities.

How do good habits help you in school? – Good habits like studying regularly and sleeping enough help me learn better.

Do you think teenagers need a strict schedule? Why or why not? – A flexible schedule is better; it helps balance school and free time while avoiding stress.

How do you balance school, hobbies, and free time? – I plan my day and prioritize important tasks first.

Which habits would you like to improve in your daily routine? – I want to improve my exercise routine and go to bed earlier.

Exercise 3: Sample essay

A daily routine helps teenagers manage school, hobbies, and free time effectively. By waking up early, exercising, and studying regularly, students can stay productive and focused. Planning the day and prioritizing tasks ensures that important homework is completed first. Free time and hobbies are also important because they help teenagers relax and reduce stress. Following a routine builds responsibility and self-discipline, which are useful for personal growth. For example, I have a morning routine that includes studying English and doing exercises, which helps me feel ready for school. A good routine makes life organized, balanced, and less stressful.

Topic 6: Hobbies and Free Time

Ключевая лексика

hobby – хобби

Example: Reading is my favorite hobby.

free time – свободное время

Example: I spend my free time playing football or reading.

interest – интерес

Example: She has many interests, including painting and music.

activity – занятие

Example: Outdoor activities help me stay healthy.

sports – спорт

Example: Playing sports keeps me fit and energetic.

reading – чтение

Example: Reading books helps improve vocabulary.

music – музыка

Example: Listening to music relaxes me after school.

gaming – видеоигры

Example: Gaming can be fun but should be balanced with study.

arts – искусство

Example: Drawing and painting are popular arts among teenagers.

club – кружок, секция

Example: I attend the chess club at school.

creativity – креативность

Example: Hobbies like painting and writing develop creativity.

teamwork – работа в команде

Example: Playing basketball teaches teamwork and cooperation.

relaxation – отдых

Example: Free time allows relaxation and reduces stress.

entertainment – развлечение

Example: Watching movies is a form of entertainment.

passion – страсть

Example: Her passion for music inspired her to learn guitar.

learning – обучение

Example: Hobbies can be fun and also involve learning new skills.

skill – навык

Example: Playing the piano is a skill that requires practice.

socializing – общение

Example: Clubs and sports help teenagers with socializing.

balance – баланс

Example: It is important to balance hobbies, school, and rest.

goal – цель

Example: Setting a goal for your hobby can improve progress.

interest group – группа по интересам

Example: I joined an interest group for young photographers.

Текст для чтения

Hobbies and free time are important for teenagers. They help people relax, develop new skills, and express creativity. Sports, music, reading, gaming, and arts are popular ways to spend free time. Participating in clubs or interest groups allows teenagers to meet new friends and improve teamwork and social skills.

Hobbies can also support learning. For example, reading books improves language skills, and arts or crafts develop creativity. Some hobbies become a passion, motivating teenagers to practice and improve regularly.

Balancing hobbies with school work is important. Too much time on entertainment or gaming may affect studies, while neglecting hobbies can reduce relaxation and creativity. Free time is also important for mental health, providing opportunities to relax, reflect, and recharge.

Teenagers who actively pursue hobbies often feel more confident and motivated. Hobbies can even influence future career choices, as skills learned during free time may become valuable in adulthood.

Вопросы для обсуждения

What hobbies do you enjoy and why?

How can hobbies help teenagers develop new skills?

Why is balancing hobbies and school important?

Can hobbies become a future career? How?

How do clubs and groups help with socializing?

Which hobbies improve creativity the most?

Упражнение 1: Fill in the gaps

Use the words: hobby, free time, creativity, balance, skill, teamwork, passion

Reading is a popular _______ among teenagers.

I use my _______ to relax after school.

Painting helps develop _______ and imagination.

It is important to keep a _______ between hobbies and study.

Learning a musical instrument is a useful _______.

Playing football teaches cooperation and _______.

She has a strong _______ for drawing and practices every day.

Упражнение 2: Match the word with its definition

A. socializing

B. interest group

C. relaxation

D. entertainment

E. learning

Time for resting and reducing stress – ___

Activities done for fun – ___

Gaining knowledge or skills – ___

A group of people with common interests – ___

Spending time with friends – ___

Упражнение 3: Write your opinion

Write a short essay (100—120 words) on the topic: “Why are hobbies and free time important for teenagers?”

Plan/questions to help:

Which hobbies do you enjoy and why?

How do hobbies help develop skills or creativity?

How can hobbies improve social life and mental health?

Give examples from your own experience or school activities.

Ключи

Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps

hobby, free time, creativity, balance, skill, teamwork, passion

Exercise 2: Match the word with its definition

Time for resting and reducing stress – C

Activities done for fun – D

Gaining knowledge or skills – E

A group of people with common interests – B

Spending time with friends – A

Discussion questions – примерные ответы

What hobbies do you enjoy and why? – I enjoy reading and playing basketball because they are fun and help me relax.

How can hobbies help teenagers develop new skills? – Hobbies like music or arts develop creativity, focus, and discipline.

Why is balancing hobbies and school important? – Balance ensures that hobbies do not interfere with studying but still provide relaxation.

Can hobbies become a future career? How? – Yes, for example, someone passionate about photography can become a professional photographer.

How do clubs and groups help with socializing? – Clubs allow teenagers to meet like-minded people and make friends.

Which hobbies improve creativity the most? – Arts, music, writing, and crafts are excellent for developing creativity.

Exercise 3: Sample essay

Hobbies and free time are very important for teenagers. They help us relax and develop new skills. For example, reading improves language skills, and sports teach teamwork and discipline. Hobbies also allow creativity to grow, especially activities like drawing, music, or writing. Joining clubs and interest groups helps with socializing and making new friends. It is important to balance hobbies with school work, so neither is neglected. Hobbies can also become a passion and even influence future careers. Overall, hobbies make life more enjoyable, improve mental health, and help teenagers become more confident and responsible.

Topic 7: Celebrations and Traditions

Ключевая лексика

celebration – празднование

Example: Birthday is a common celebration in many families.

tradition – традиция

Example: It is a tradition to decorate the Christmas tree.

festival – фестиваль

Example: The city hosts a music festival every summer.

custom – обычай

Example: In some countries, it is a custom to greet people with a bow.

holiday – праздник

Example: New Year is my favorite holiday.

family gathering – семейное собрание

Example: We have a family gathering every Sunday.

ceremony – церемония

Example: The graduation ceremony is very important for students.

ritual – ритуал

Example: Lighting candles is a common ritual at birthdays.

gift – подарок

Example: I bought a gift for my friend’s birthday.

decorate – украшать

Example: We decorate the room for the party.

costume – костюм

Example: Children wear costumes during Halloween.

birthday – день рождения

Example: I invited my friends to my birthday party.

anniversary – годовщина

Example: Their wedding anniversary is next week.

parade – парад

Example: The city organizes a parade on Independence Day.

superstition – суеверие

Example: Some people avoid walking under ladders due to superstition.

celebrate – праздновать

Example: We celebrate national holidays with friends and family.

event – событие

Example: The school organized a cultural event.

entertainment – развлечение

Example: Music and games provide entertainment at parties.

customary – привычный, обычный

Example: It is customary to bring a gift to a wedding.

Текст для чтения

Celebrations and traditions are important in every culture. They help people connect with family, friends, and their community. Festivals, holidays, and ceremonies are occasions for joy and entertainment.

Some traditions are religious, such as Christmas or Eid, while others are cultural, like national holidays or seasonal festivals. People often follow rituals and customs, such as giving gifts, wearing special costumes, or decorating homes. Family gatherings are common during birthdays, anniversaries, and other celebrations.

Traditions help preserve cultural heritage and create a sense of belonging. They also teach young people about history, values, and social norms. Superstitions are sometimes part of celebrations, but they vary between cultures.

Celebrations provide fun and relaxation, allowing people to socialize, enjoy entertainment, and share happiness. For teenagers, participating in traditions strengthens family bonds and builds memorable experiences that last a lifetime.

Вопросы для обсуждения

What is your favorite celebration and why?

Which traditions are most important in your family?

How do festivals and holidays bring people together?

Can traditions change over time? How?

Do teenagers enjoy family gatherings or prefer friends? Why?

How do celebrations reflect culture and values?

Упражнение 1: Fill in the gaps

Use the words: tradition, holiday, gift, decorate, costume, ritual, celebration

It is a _______ to eat cake on birthdays.

People usually bring a _______ to parties.

We _______ the house with lights and flowers.

Children wear a special _______ on Halloween.

New Year is my favorite _______.

Lighting candles is a common birthday _______.

Cultural _______ help preserve values and history.

Упражнение 2: Match the word with its definition

A. festival

B. superstition

C. ceremony

D. customary

E. family gathering

An event with celebrations and fun activities – ___

A belief that may seem strange or magical – ___

A formal event like graduation or wedding – ___

Something done as a usual habit or tradition – ___

A meeting of relatives – ___

Упражнение 3: Write your opinion

Write a short essay (100—120 words) on the topic: “Why are celebrations and traditions important in life?”

Plan/questions to help:

Which celebrations do you enjoy most?

How do traditions help families and communities?

How do teenagers participate in celebrations?

Give examples of festivals or holidays in your country or school.

Ключи

Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps

tradition, gift, decorate, costume, holiday, ritual, celebration

Exercise 2: Match the word with its definition

festival – A

superstition – B

ceremony – C

customary – D

family gathering – E

Discussion questions – примерные ответы

What is your favorite celebration and why? – My favorite celebration is New Year because I spend it with my family and friends.

Which traditions are most important in your family? – Family dinners on Sundays and birthday celebrations are most important.

How do festivals and holidays bring people together? – Festivals create opportunities to meet, share meals, and have fun together.

Can traditions change over time? How? – Yes, traditions change as society and technology develop, but their meaning often stays the same.

Do teenagers enjoy family gatherings or prefer friends? Why? – Teenagers enjoy both, but sometimes they prefer friends because they share common interests.

How do celebrations reflect culture and values? – Celebrations show what a society values, including religion, history, and social norms.

Exercise 3: Sample essay

Celebrations and traditions are important because they bring people together and create memorable experiences. Holidays like New Year or local festivals allow families and friends to spend time together. Traditions, such as giving gifts or decorating the house, help preserve culture and teach young people about values and history. Participating in ceremonies and rituals strengthens family bonds and builds a sense of belonging. Even teenagers can enjoy celebrations while learning about customs and social norms. Overall, traditions provide fun, relaxation, and education, making life richer and more meaningful. They help people feel connected to their family, friends, and community.

Topic 8: Personal Achievements

Ключевая лексика

achievement – достижение

Example: Winning the school competition was my greatest achievement.

goal – цель

Example: My goal is to improve my English this year.

success – успех

Example: Success requires hard work and dedication.

effort – усилие

Example: She achieved her target through effort and patience.

challenge – вызов

Example: Learning a new language is a big challenge.

motivation – мотивация

Example: Motivation helps students work hard and stay focused.

hard work – усердная работа

Example: Hard work always pays off in the end.

dedication – преданность

Example: His dedication to sports inspired his teammates.

skill – навык

Example: Playing the piano is a skill that takes years to master.

improvement – улучшение

Example: Continuous practice leads to improvement.

determination – решимость

Example: Determination is key when facing difficulties.

goal setting – постановка целей

Example: Goal setting helps plan steps to achieve success.

recognition – признание

Example: Teachers give recognition to students for good results.

effort reward – вознаграждение за усилия

Example: Studying hard brings the reward of good grades.

perseverance – настойчивость

Example: Perseverance helps people overcome obstacles.

pride – гордость

Example: I felt pride when I finished the marathon.

achievement diary – дневник достижений

Example: Writing an achievement diary helps track progress.

team achievement – командное достижение

Example: Winning the football match was a team achievement.

personal growth – личностный рост

Example: Achieving small goals contributes to personal growth.

success story – история успеха

Example: Her success story motivates other students.

mentor – наставник

Example: A mentor can guide you to achieve your goals.

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