  .   ,     
 


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           ,         ,    .     ,     . ,          :     ,        .

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      .       .



  .

                    .



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 . ΠԻ, 2026


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          ?    : ,   .              . Ƞ ,          ,     .    蠖    ,     ,  ,   . ࠖ      ,  ꠖ   ,  ,    .

 ࠖ  ,    ,              .      ,                  .

  2010-           . ,   2020-,                 .    . Ƞ              ,    ,      death studies.  , death studies,   ,       頖    .                 ,       ,  ,      .  2021        ,         death studies     . ?          ,       [1 -  . .,  . . Death studies:     (20102020) //     . 2021. . 24 (2). .212235. URL: https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2021.24.2.8 (https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2021.24.2.8).].

,          젖      .       ,           ,      ,        ,       .         .

            ,   ,      . ,   ,    ,   ,   . Ƞ ,  ,    .

 ,           .     ,                   .             , ,     .

      ,   .                      ,   ,      .  ,        [2 -   God of War (2018).    ..],     ,    .

             .    , ,  ,    ,   ,    -,          .     , ,  :        (    ¸,  ,         ),      (,      ),       ,   .

        .

   (#g1)     蠖    ࠖ  ,         堖  .

  (#litres_trial_promo)   ,     ,       .  ,              .

   (#litres_trial_promo)         , ,                 ,   .

   (#litres_trial_promo)         ,        .  ,    , ,     ,   ,              .

  (#litres_trial_promo)       .           ,      ,         .

,   (#litres_trial_promo)         ,   .  ,      ,     ,             .

      ,          .          ,     -,        .       ,        .   , ,         .   ,   ,   ,       .

 ,                     .        ,             .

   , g?a fer?!  !




 1.   :     


		  ,
		  ,
		   ;
		  ?

  [3 - . ..]

 (Ragnar?k, Ragnar?kkr) ,      .          (, : )    (  God of War: Ragnar?k),    :           ragnar?k              . ,      ,     ,       ,  .

,    ,     ,   .            ,     .   ,      ,            . ,                      ,           .        .






 Codex Regius. . XIII.    ,          III XVII.

Therni Magn?sson Institute for Icelandic Studies



        젖  ,     ,   ,       .     XIII. ʠ      Codex Regius (GKS2365 4to),   Konungsbk,   .  ,           ,        .

,         ,      ,    ,           [4 -     蠖   (Hvaml),     . Π         . Ѡ XIX         ,        (M?llenhoff K. Deutsches Altertumskunde. d. V. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1900. P.250288).           ,           .: Evans D. Introduction to Hvaml // Hvaml. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1986. P.138; Palsson . Heimur Hvamla. Reykjav?k: Bka?tgfa Menningarsj?s, 1990. 300 p.; Larrington C. Hvaml nd sources outside Scandinavia // Saga-Book. Vol. 23. London: Viking Society or Northern Research, 19901993. P.141157; McKinnell J. Hvaml B: A Poem of Sexual Intrigue // Saga-Book. Vol. 29. London: Viking Society or Northern Research, 2005. P.83114; Males M. The Dating of Hvaml // Maal Og Minne. 2024. Vol. 116 (1). P.87117.]. ,      XIII,      ,   [5 -      , ,   ,        .      ,             .        ,       . ,   ,     -      ? (Vitu? r enn e?a hvat?),            .    ,   ,       (? gengu regin ?ll  r?kstla).    :  . . . .:     , 1994. .4283.],        . ,      ,   ,         IX,  ,    [6 -  . .      // .  .   . .:  , 1975. .1617. (  , .9).].

    蠖    ,      ,             . ,      .

  (V?lusp),    ,      ,        .     ,      ,      .          󻠖    ,       [7 - , ,  ,           .     ,       .  ,         ,         ,     .].

,      ,    (Ginnungagap).  ,  ,   ,    (M?spellsheimr),  , ,     . ,  ,          (Niflheimr).     (livgar,  ,          )     ,       ,   ,   [8 -  .  . .: , 1970. .21.],     ,    ,    .

        ,   ,           (Ymir,   Aurgelmir ).        - (?sir).  ,   ,    (B?ri) ,     ,  ,   (Au?umbla).          . ,    ,             .

 蠖 ,    (?inn, Vili V)      ,  ,  (Mi?gar?r).       :   , 䠖  , ࠖ  ,   ,   蠖  ,    .         ,      ,    (Askr  Embla,   ),     .        ,  (sgar?r) ,   -,         (Bifr?st).        .  ,    (Yggdrasill),  ,  ,       ,     (     [9 -      蠖     ,      .    ,        ,          ,     ,         .]):  (J?tunheimr)  ;  (Vanaheimr)  -,     ;  (lfheimr)   ;  (Svartlfheimr)   ,  ;  (Hel)  .






     XVII Langa Edda/ Edda oblongata.      : 33? 10,5.

Therni Magn?sson Institute for Icelandic Studies



      ,            . ,         ,       ,     ,       (Surtr)    ,     ,  -   ,    .         .             (Loki)       (Angrbo?a)    (Fenrir),    (J?rmungandr)        (Hel). ,       ,   (    ࠖ T?r)    ,    ,          (     )     .   :          ,  (Baldr)      ,    ,     .

         ,     ,   ,              ,       .            ,                (Fimbulvetr[10 -      .]).    .  -       ,        .    ,     .  ,    ,  ,   ,     ,  ,      ,    .

    ,      ,    ,    (L?f L?f?rasir),   ,       .

 , ꠖ    ,        ,             .          ,    ,  ,   .   ,    ,      .

            .


 :     , ,     

     . , ,  ,         .  ,   -          ,       .

,         ,           .       ,         ,   .  -,  ,  , ,     .      ,  ,    ,    (   ,       ).        ,      . Ӡ        .       ,   ,       , ,     . ,        -    .     (Borr),  , ,      (Bestla),    (B?l?orn),      ,  ,       .






     .     ,     .              .

Faaborg Museum/ TijsB/ Wikimedia Commons



 ,               .           ,           - :      ,     ,     , ,     [11 -  .  . .2223.].            ,  ,        . ,      ,           [12 - ,          .        ,     65   /  , /   /  黠       .        ., : North R. V?lusp and the Book of Revelation // Scandinavia and Christian Europe in the Middle Ages: Papers of the 12th International Saga Conference. Bonn, 2005. P.403412.],            .  ,          ,        .        , ,     , ,    ,     .



  ,    ,       ,   ,  ,  .   ,      :     (Gylfi),  ,       ,    ,       .      ,   .  (Hrr)  [13 - 蠖     ,  , :   (ve?r vpna)  ,   (lind l?ns) ,   (l?g d?r) ,   (verjandi sgar?s) .] [14 -      ,   ,  :           (beo


ulf),  , .     蠖    .        .   ,   ,        :          . :    /  蠖 , /  ࠖ ,  , 젖     (  // .  .   . .239).    .     .:  . .,  . .  . .: - , 1999. 752.],           ,         (Jafnhrr),   (?ri?i).   ,           -.

,     ,      :       ,        .    ,   , ,           .


       ,   ,        (Vaf?r??nir)  .   [15 -   // .  .   . .207.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.148.]:



		31. 
		
		 ;
		  
		 ,
		  .

		31. r livgum stukku eitrdropar,
		sv x unz var? r j?tunn;
		?ar rar ?ttir kvmu allar saman,
		?v? er ?at ? allt til atalt.


        ,             .        , ,     ,  . Π 頖       .

 ,   ,   ,                .            ,        [16 -   / . .  //  . . XXV. :  , 1980. .191;   / . .  // .  .   . .213214.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition / ed. E. Pettit. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2023. P.38,182.]:



		3.  ,  ,
		 ,  ,   ,
		  ,    ;
		     .
		4.     ,
		   ;
		    ,
		    .
		40. 
		 ,
		  ,
		蠖 ,
		  ,
		  .
		41.   
		  
		 ;
		  
		 
		 .

		3. r var alda, ?ar er Ymir byg?i;
		vara sandr n s?r n svalar unnir;
		j?r? fannsk ?va n upphiminn,
		gap var ginnunga, en gras hvergi.
		4. ?r Burs synir bj??um um yp?u,
		?eir er Mi?gar? m?ran skpu;
		Sl skein sunnan  salar steina,
		? var grund grin grCnum lauki.
		40. r Ymis holdi var j?r? um sk?pu?,
		en r sveita s?r,
		bj?rg r beinum, ba?mr r hri,
		en r hausi himinn.
		41. En r hans brm ger?u bl?? regin
		Mi?gar? manna sonum,
		en r hans heila vru ?au in har?m?gu
		sk? ?ll um sk?pu?.


 ,               䠖     (    ),       ,      .           .           ,        :       ,     (   ?ursar,   j?tnar) ,     , ,       .

,   ,       ,       .     ⠖        ,          -  .

       (    )   ,   ,     .  ,         ,    ,   ,  ,    .  ,  ,        .          ,     ,   ,         , -      [17 -  . .  . .: , 1976. .165.].

          .  ,         ,    , ,     .        ,          养[18 -  . .  . .: , 1976. .169.]       ,    ,  -,  .      ,     ,     ,   -,    .

  蠖   ,    <>  ࠖ     酻[19 -  . .  . .: , 1976. .172.]

              ,    ,  ,    .

     ,        -,   ,     ,   .    ,               .    gar?r,   軠    (Mi?gar?r sgar?r),       ,    ,   ,     .      ,          . ,     ,  ,   ,  ,         ,        -  -.         ,  -,     - ,       ?:    ,  ,          .

              ,         :          ,     ,    .         ,         ,         .          ,    ,      ,   , , ,     ?   ,  . ߠ  ,           ,      .

          ,       .             ,        . ߠ    ,       (  ).       :         ,    ,        ,     .      ,     .            .  ,  ,   [20 -  .  . .3031.].   , ,     ,        [21 -   / . . .  /  . . XXV. .191.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.40.]:



		9.  ,  ,
		    ;
		    ?
		  ,   .

		9. ? gengu regin ?ll  r?kstla,
		ginnheil?g go?, ok um ?at g?ttusk,
		hverr skyldi dverga drttin skepja
		r Brimis bl?i ok r blm leggjum.


  ,       ,  ,            :      ,     ,    . Ӡ            .

    ,          . , ,   . ,            [22 -   / . .  //  . . XXV. .192.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.40, 42.  .  . .26.  . : Snorri Sturluson. Edda: Prologue and Gylfaginning. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2011. P.13.]:



		17.   
		  
		    ,
		    
		  ,   .

		18. ,  ,  ,  ,
		  ,  ;
		  ,  ո ,
		     .

 



		  : 
		   
		   . 
		    
		  . 
		   , 頗
		  , 頗
		, ,   .
		     :
		  ,
		  .

 .  



		17.Unz ?r?r kvmu r ?v? li?i,
		?flgir ok stgir, ?sir, at h?si;
		fundu  landi, l?tt megandi,
		Ask ok Emblu, ?rl?glausa.

		18. ?nd ?au n ttu, ? ?au n h?f?u,
		l n l?ti n litu g?a;
		?nd gaf ?inn, ? gaf HCnir,
		l gaf L?urr ok litu g?a.

		? svarar Hr: ? er fleir Bors
		synir gengu me? s?var str?ndu,
		fundu fleir tr tvau, ok tkuupp
		trin ok sk?puu af menn.Gaf
		hinn fyrsti ?nd ok l?f, annarrvit
		ok hrCring, flri?i sjnu, mlit
		ok heyrn ok sjn; gfu fleim
		kl??i ok n?fn. Ht karlma?rinn
		Askr, en
		konan Embla.


,           ,  ,             .  Ask  Embla    ,  l?tt megandi    , , ,  , ,      ,           .      , , :  Ask   ,     Embla [23 -         ,  Embla   . . .      (.: , 1970. 255 .)   ,  , ,  ,   Embla   .  .: Simek R. Dictionary of northern mythology. D. S. Brewer: Cambridge, 1993. P.74; Sperber H. Embla / Beitr?ge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur. Bd. XXXVI. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1910. P.219222; Walther S. H. Askr and Embla: The Creation of Man from Trees // Ecocriticism and Old Norse Studies: Nature and the Environment in Old Norse Literature and Culture. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2023. P.201222.]    ո (H?nir)   (L?urr)   [24 -  ,  ,      . . : Dronke U. Introduction // The Poetic Edda: Volume II: Mythological Poems. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p.18; Lindow J. Norse Mythology. AGuide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. P.212213; Simek R. Dictionary of northern mythology. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1993. P.190; Turville-Petre G. Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964. P.143144; Vries J. de. The Problem of Loki. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1933. P.3555.].

       ,  ,      ո          -   .      Borssynir,  . ,        (, ,   ,    ),     .                   ,      [25 -  . .  . .198.].  ,   ( , )     , ,         ,  .

       ,   ,   ,      堖       .     ,        .  ࠖ  ,  ,    .     ,   ,     .  ,              .                 堖         .



,       ,      ,  ,         ,    .       ,   ,   .    .             .   ,          (Trjumanna saga).        ,  ,    ,         .        [26 - ., : Frazer Jr. R. M. Dares // Trojan War: The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and Dares the Phrygian. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966; Merkle S. News from the Past: Dictys and Dares on the Trojan War // Latin Fiction: The Latin Novel in Context. London: Routledge, 1999. P.155166.].



   :    

 ,               . ,      ,  ,    ,    XIX,  . ,                    .       .

     ?   :  , ,    .           Kr?kevisa[27 -      :       Leaves Eyes    (  a-ha),     ,    Myrkur.], Bonden og Kragen, Bonden og Kr?ka   .      ,    .

   ,         ,           頖     ,    .              . ,    ,  ,        ,         .        , ,      蠖 , kirkeknap,       .

  ,    ,   ,  ,     .          kirkeskat,  蠖 kyrkoavgift,  蠖 sknargjald.          ,     XVIXVII      -      ,    ,       . , ,  ,    . ,             [28 - TSB F 58: Kr?kevisa // Norske mellomalderballadar: Skjemteballadar. Oslo: Nasjonalbiblioteket, 2016. P.176. URL: https://www.bokselskap.no/wp-content/themes/bokselskap2/tekster/pdf/skjemteballadar.pdf (https://www.bokselskap.no/wp-content/themes/bokselskap2/tekster/pdf/skjemteballadar.pdf) ( . . .)]:



		   ,
		[], ,
		      

( 頖 ..).

		Den som ei kr?ka kan nytteso,
		ei fa-ra, kan nytteso
		den er v?rd ei kr?ke atf?.


    ,     -      ,     , XVII.      .

    .                    .


ܠ     

Ask veit ek standa, heitir Yggdrasill   19-   ,     ,  ,     ,   .       .         .    ,     [29 -  .  . .32.],   .        . ,     ,  ,   ,   ausinn hv?ta auri,       / ,     [30 -   // .  .   . .185.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.40,42.]:



		19.  
		  ,
		, 
		 ;
		  
		  ;
		  
		  .

		19.Ask veit ek standa, heitir Yggdrasill,
		hr ba?mr ausinn hv?ta auri;
		?a?an koma d?ggvar, ??rs ? dala falla,
		stendr ? yfir grCnn Ur?ar brunni.


    :  ,  ,    ,          ,    ,   ,        . Ƞ   ,  ,     ,  ,  ,    . <> ,     ,   ,    [31 -  .  . .36.].

   ,      ,   .        ,       ,     ,        .      ,   堖  [32 -   / . .  // .  .   . .214.].






.     , 1847.

Norman B.Leventhal Map & Education Center, Boston Public Library





    ,       ,  .   ,     ,  ,    , ,     ,  頖  .   ,        ,  ,      ࠖ     .      . ,     ,    ,        (n?u heima),    .

,       .      ?vi?jur   : N?u man ek heima,/ n?u ?vi?jur,/ mj?tvi? m?ran/ fyr mold ne?an.   ?vi?i/?vi?jur  ,     -.

,                 . Ӡ     /   /   /  . Ӡ    ,  .                 . ,  XIX   , ,    :       ,       .    2020 -   :    ,/  ,/   /   .    ,    ,      .     - .

        ? Nio v?rldar jag minns,/ och vad som var i de nio (     ,    )   . Eg hugsar ni verder, ni jotnekvinner (      ),     nynorsk[33 -       軠  bokm?l ( ),         -  1536,  nynorsk ( ),    XIX             ,   .]. Ni verdner/ husker jeg,/ ni r?dder (      ),  .     ni i Tr?et (  )  ni Verdner og Stammer (   ),  젖 ni Tr?r deri  nie innvere,         n?u ?vi?jur.

  n?u ?vi?i     :  abodes[34 - The Poetic Edda / transl. by Lee M. Hollander. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1962.] ( )  trees[35 - The Poetic Edda / transl. by B. Thorpe. Lapeer, MI: Northvegr Foundation, 2004.] ( )  nine in the Tree[36 - The Poetic Edda / transl. by H. A. Bellows. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1923.] (  ).       nine giant women[37 - The Poetic Edda / transl. by C. Larrington. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.] ( ),  nine wood-dwelling women[38 - The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition / ed. PettitE.] ( ,   ). ,    ,      ,   ,     .          -   ,  젖  :   /   /   :/   ,/   /    [39 - . . . .].


 , , ,        :      ,  ,       ,     . ,        (Ratat?skr,      ).           .      ,   [40 -  .  . .35.].     ,         ࠖ   (Ve?rf?lnir).     (N??h?ggr),    ,      (Hvergelmir,  )  堖   ,      .   ,     ,      .     ,           ,       ,       .

-  ,  ,      [41 -   // .  .   . .213.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition P.182.]:



		34.  ,
		  
		  :
		 
		 .

		34.Ormar fleiri liggja undir aski Yggdrasils
		en ?at uf hyggi hverr svi?raapa;
		hygg ek at ? skyli
		mei?s kvistu m.


      ,        .        ,      .   , ,    (Dinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr Dura?rr).

     [42 -   // .  .   . .213.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition P.182.]:



		35.  ,
		 
		  :
		  ,
		 ,
		   .

		35.Askr Yggdrasils dr?gir erfi?i,
		meira en menn viti;
		hj?rtr b?tr ofan, en  hli?u f?nar,
		sker?ir Ni?h?ggr ne?an.


 ,      ,   .   , ,      .     ⠖    ,  ,          .    ,   ,        ???? , .           ,  /     -   .     ,        .

     ,    ,           .   ࠖ  ,   .  ,       .   ,       ,             . ,        ,    (  )   ,    .    ,   :    ,   ,  - ,       ,   ,   -,     .         .

               ,     , ,    .       ( ,   )      .  , ,        ,    ,    ,      . Ƞ    .

,      .  ,    ,    .   -          .     ,      :                [43 -  . .   : . .:  , 1980. .199. . :  .  . .209.].  :         ࠖ ,          ,   ,      ,       .          ,      ,  ,   ,    ,  ,   ,  .

         ,          .  ,      , ,    ,       .  ,        .

   ,    . ꠖ         ,    .           ,      - ,           , ,    .

       ,          ,          ,      .


    :  Ш

,      ,      -.

  ,      ,   . Ƞ        .             ,        . ¸  ,      ,/  /  ,  /  [44 -   // .  .   . .187.].       . ,  ,     ,        ,     [45 -   // .  .   . .187.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.46.        ,           ,       34.]:



		41.  
		 ,
		 
		 

		40.Fyllisk fj?rvi feigra manna,
		r??r ragna sj?t rau?um dreyra


             ,     . ,    ,  (Garmr),    [46 -   // .  .   . .188.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.48.]:



		44.  
		 ,
		  
		 .

		43.Geyr Garmr mj?k fyr Gnipahelli,
		festr mun slitna en freki renna.


-       ,      .  ,     , , ,  ,  -      .

,   ,  ,      ,      蠖  ,  .     ,    Marvel    [47 -     :  .   . .: , 2019; .  . .: , 2019.],              .   蠖  :    ,   ,    ,       ,    .            ,     , , . , ,  ,        젖      .






   Edda oblongata (AM738 4to). XVII.

Therni Magn?sson Institute for Icelandic Studies





     ,    ,      .      logi,   ,      ,      [48 - ., : Olrik A. Loke i nyere folkeoverlevering. I. De vestligste nybygder // Danske studier. 1909. . 193207; . Loke i nyere folkeoverlevering. II. De gammelnordiske lande// Danske studier. 1909. . 6984; . Myterne om Loke // Festskrift til H. F. Feilberg fra nordiske sprog og folkemindeforskere p? 80 ?rs dagen den 6. Kristiania: Bymaals-laget, 1911.]          .     ,     .           ,         ,  , ,     .

               ,     ,    ,      ,         . ,    v?tten, -,          ,      .

      Loki/ Lokke/ Luki/ Luku/ Loke    젖 luk,    ,    -    (   ?)[49 - ., : Orel V. AHandbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill: Lieden, 2003. P.250.].         ,     .       ,        ,     ,       [50 -  , ,  .     .: Heide E. Loki, the V?tte, and the Ash Lad: A Study Combining Old Scandinavian and Late Material // Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 2011. 7. P.91; Turco J. Nets and Snares // History of Religions. 2016. Vol. 56, 2. P.198231.].

         .   ,      loche ()  lochanat ()[51 - ., : Vries J. de. The Problem of Loki. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1933. P.236239; Rooth A. B. Loki in Scandinavian Mythology. Lund: Gleerup, 1961. P.194210.].              .


         ,    . ,     ,   .              ,         ,       . ,      ,   ,    (#litres_trial_promo).          .

    ,  ,   ,    .     ,    ,   ,     ,    ,   ,      [52 -  .  . .49.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=73925682)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes


Notes





1


 . .,  . . Death studies:     (20102020) //     . 2021. . 24 (2). .212235. URL: https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2021.24.2.8 (https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2021.24.2.8).




2


  God of War (2018).    ..




3


. ..




4


    蠖   (Hvaml),     . Π         . Ѡ XIX         ,        (M?llenhoff K. Deutsches Altertumskunde. d. V. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1900. P.250288).           ,           .: Evans D. Introduction to Hvaml // Hvaml. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1986. P.138; Palsson . Heimur Hvamla. Reykjav?k: Bka?tgfa Menningarsj?s, 1990. 300 p.; Larrington C. Hvaml nd sources outside Scandinavia // Saga-Book. Vol. 23. London: Viking Society or Northern Research, 19901993. P.141157; McKinnell J. Hvaml B: A Poem of Sexual Intrigue // Saga-Book. Vol. 29. London: Viking Society or Northern Research, 2005. P.83114; Males M. The Dating of Hvaml // Maal Og Minne. 2024. Vol. 116 (1). P.87117.




5


     , ,   ,        .      ,             .        ,       . ,   ,     -      ? (Vitu? r enn e?a hvat?),            .    ,   ,       (? gengu regin ?ll  r?kstla).    :  . . . .:     , 1994. .4283.




6


 . .      // .  .   . .:  , 1975. .1617. (  , .9).




7


, ,  ,           .     ,       .  ,         ,         ,     .




8


 .  . .: , 1970. .21.




9


     蠖     ,      .    ,        ,          ,     ,         .




10


     .




11


 .  . .2223.




12


,          .        ,     65   /  , /   /  黠       .        ., : North R. V?lusp and the Book of Revelation // Scandinavia and Christian Europe in the Middle Ages: Papers of the 12th International Saga Conference. Bonn, 2005. P.403412.




13


蠖     ,  , :   (ve?r vpna)  ,   (lind l?ns) ,   (l?g d?r) ,   (verjandi sgar?s) .




14


     ,   ,  :           (beo


ulf),  , .     蠖    .        .   ,   ,        :          . :    /  蠖 , /  ࠖ ,  , 젖     (  // .  .   . .239).    .     .:  . .,  . .  . .: - , 1999. 752.




15


  // .  .   . .207.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.148.




16


  / . .  //  . . XXV. :  , 1980. .191;   / . .  // .  .   . .213214.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition / ed. E. Pettit. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2023. P.38,182.




17


 . .  . .: , 1976. .165.




18


 . .  . .: , 1976. .169.




19


 . .  . .: , 1976. .172.




20


 .  . .3031.




21


  / . . .  /  . . XXV. .191.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.40.




22


  / . .  //  . . XXV. .192.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.40, 42.  .  . .26.  . : Snorri Sturluson. Edda: Prologue and Gylfaginning. London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 2011. P.13.




23


        ,  Embla   . . .      (.: , 1970. 255 .)   ,  , ,  ,   Embla   .  .: Simek R. Dictionary of northern mythology. D. S. Brewer: Cambridge, 1993. P.74; Sperber H. Embla / Beitr?ge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur. Bd. XXXVI. Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1910. P.219222; Walther S. H. Askr and Embla: The Creation of Man from Trees // Ecocriticism and Old Norse Studies: Nature and the Environment in Old Norse Literature and Culture. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2023. P.201222.




24


 ,  ,      . . : Dronke U. Introduction // The Poetic Edda: Volume II: Mythological Poems. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p.18; Lindow J. Norse Mythology. AGuide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. P.212213; Simek R. Dictionary of northern mythology. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1993. P.190; Turville-Petre G. Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1964. P.143144; Vries J. de. The Problem of Loki. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1933. P.3555.




25


 . .  . .198.




26


., : Frazer Jr. R. M. Dares // Trojan War: The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and Dares the Phrygian. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966; Merkle S. News from the Past: Dictys and Dares on the Trojan War // Latin Fiction: The Latin Novel in Context. London: Routledge, 1999. P.155166.




27


     :       Leaves Eyes    (  a-ha),     ,    Myrkur.




28


TSB F 58: Kr?kevisa // Norske mellomalderballadar: Skjemteballadar. Oslo: Nasjonalbiblioteket, 2016. P.176. URL: https://www.bokselskap.no/wp-content/themes/bokselskap2/tekster/pdf/skjemteballadar.pdf (https://www.bokselskap.no/wp-content/themes/bokselskap2/tekster/pdf/skjemteballadar.pdf) ( . . .)




29


 .  . .32.




30


  // .  .   . .185.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.40,42.




31


 .  . .36.




32


  / . .  // .  .   . .214.




33


      軠  bokm?l ( ),         -  1536,  nynorsk ( ),    XIX             ,   .




34


The Poetic Edda / transl. by Lee M. Hollander. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1962.




35


The Poetic Edda / transl. by B. Thorpe. Lapeer, MI: Northvegr Foundation, 2004.




36


The Poetic Edda / transl. by H. A. Bellows. New York: The American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1923.




37


The Poetic Edda / transl. by C. Larrington. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.




38


The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition / ed. PettitE.




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. . . .




40


 .  . .35.




41


  // .  .   . .213.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition P.182.




42


  // .  .   . .213.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition P.182.




43


 . .   : . .:  , 1980. .199. . :  .  . .209.




44


  // .  .   . .187.




45


  // .  .   . .187.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.46.        ,           ,       34.




46


  // .  .   . .188.  . : The Poetic Edda: A Dual-Language Edition. P.48.




47


    :  .   . .: , 2019; .  . .: , 2019.




48


., : Olrik A. Loke i nyere folkeoverlevering. I. De vestligste nybygder // Danske studier. 1909. . 193207; . Loke i nyere folkeoverlevering. II. De gammelnordiske lande// Danske studier. 1909. . 6984; . Myterne om Loke // Festskrift til H. F. Feilberg fra nordiske sprog og folkemindeforskere p? 80 ?rs dagen den 6. Kristiania: Bymaals-laget, 1911.




49


., : Orel V. AHandbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill: Lieden, 2003. P.250.




50


 , ,  .     .: Heide E. Loki, the V?tte, and the Ash Lad: A Study Combining Old Scandinavian and Late Material // Viking and Medieval Scandinavia. 2011. 7. P.91; Turco J. Nets and Snares // History of Religions. 2016. Vol. 56, 2. P.198231.




51


., : Vries J. de. The Problem of Loki. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1933. P.236239; Rooth A. B. Loki in Scandinavian Mythology. Lund: Gleerup, 1961. P.194210.




52


 .  . .49.


