  -
 


          .       SIM-,    .      SIM-,   , ,   eSIM.

    ,    ,        . "  -"     ,               .





  

  -





 





          eSIM   ,   ,            , ,             .      SIM-,  ,    .       ,       -    ,    .




:   SIM-




     SIM-.       70-80- : AMPS  , NMT  , TACS  .     (1G)  .         .              .     :       (ESN)     .   1980-  ,        ,     .         GSM (Groupe Special Mobile,   Global System for Mobile Communications).           .    Subscriber Identity Module    ,  SIM-.




1991 :   SIM-




   SIM-  1991 .   Giesecke+Devrient (G+D),    -    ,   .    300    Radiolinja (  Elisa). 1  1991  Radiolinja       GSM        SIM-.  SIM-    Full-size SIM (1FF)      : 85,6  53,98  0,76 .   ,           ,       .   ,    ,       .



  SIM     :

-  IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)      .

-       COMP128 ( ).

-    (  ).

-   SMS-.

-    SIM-    ,    .    .




: 1990-  2010-




 GSM     .     ,   SIM-    .  1996   Mini-SIM (2FF)  25  15  0,76 .    1FF   ,       -.   2000-  (   iPhone  2007 )    .  2003  ETSI  Micro-SIM (3FF)  15  12 .   2012  Apple  iPhone 5     Nano-SIM (4FF)  12,3  8,8  0,67 .        ,   ,    .




 :     




  2010-  SIM-   .  ,  IoT, ,        .  2016  GSMA   eSIM (embedded SIM).       ,       (Over-The-Air).     eSIM    Samsung Gear S2 (2016),      iPhone XS  2018 .  eSIM     ,     .



 . :

- iSIM (Integrated SIM)  ,     .

- SoftSIM SIM    .

-  M2M, IoT-,          .




 




 35  SIM-       ,    :

-          .

-   5G,  5G AKA, ,  (SIM Toolkit).

-   :   ,  , OTA-.

-  eSIM, iSIM          .



    SIM- ( eSIM-),  .     , ,    ,  ,  . SIM-           .      .      AI,  ,   (Direct-to-Cell) , ,  - .




   




           Full-size   iSIM  SoftSIM.    , , ,  ,         .  ,       ,     ,     ,   . ,  .  .

    : (@vtorojmozg https://vk.com/vtorojmozg).




Full-size SIM (1FF)












. 01



Full-size SIM,    1FF (First Form Factor),      SIM-.      1991         .  ,           ,           .  Full-size SIM     ,       .           ,      .     ,  ,  ,   ,        .




  Full-size SIM




 SIM-      GSM   1980- .    ,           :  (   ).      .   .  1991    Giesecke+Devrient (G+D),      -  ,    Full-size SIM.      Radiolinja. 1  1991  Radiolinja      GSM-,         SIM-  1FF.           ISO/IEC 7810 ID-1,      (85,6  53,98  0,76 ).            -.               .  1993-1995  Full-size SIM          .   GSM- (, Nokia 1011, Motorola International 3200)        .



 :

- : 85,6 

- : 53,98 

- : 0,76 



:

- ISO/IEC 7810:2003 (ID-1)

- ISO/IEC 7816 (    -)

- ETSI GSM 11.11 (  SIM  GSM-)



 :

       ( 6  8).   :

- C1  Vcc ()

- C2  RST ()

- C3  CLK ( )

- C4  AUX1 (  )

- C5  GND ()

- C6  Vpp ( ,   )

- C7  I/O (- )

- C8  AUX2 (  )



   Full-size SIM   (CPU),   (RAM),   (ROM)    (EEPROM).      EEPROM   8-16 ,    32-64 .   :

- IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity)    .

- Ki (Secret Key)     .

-    (   ).

-  SMS-.

-    (SPN, PLMN-  ..).



    SIM   COMP128 ( 1),    .      .




  Full-size SIM




       :

1.     .

2.   RESET.

3. SIM  ATR (Answer To Reset)     .

4.     SIM   .

5.         , SMS   .



     ,  SIM-     GSM-      .  Full-size SIM    (  ),       Mini-SIM (2FF)   .     .




 Full-size SIM




1.    .             90-.

2.     .        ,   .

3.    .            .

4.     -.       .

5.   .       .









1. .            .

2.       (  1991-1995    ).

3.  .        ,   .

4.   .         ,    .




 




 Full-size SIM      .      :    .    M2M-  .      .     multi-SIM-      .         Mini, Micro, Nano-  .




 




-  SIM-      (   ).

-   1FF               .

-    (  )   2000- Full-size SIM      .

-  ,   SIM    5 SMS  20          .









Full-size SIM (1FF)         .   ,     -   .  ,          .       1FF  ,    (Mini, Micro, Nano, eSIM)      .        .




Mini-SIM (2FF)












. 02



Mini-SIM,  2FF (Second Form Factor),       SIM-,      .    1990-, Mini-SIM    Full-size SIM (1FF)      15 .   Mini-SIM         ,       .         Mini-SIM,   ,   Full-size,  ,    ,   ,           .




  Mini-SIM (2FF)




  1990-  GSM-       .    ,       .  Full-size SIM (   )      ,    ,    .  1996      (ETSI)     Mini-SIM (2FF).     : 25  15  0,76 .      Full-size SIM.     Full-size SIM    ,      Mini-SIM.                . Mini-SIM    1997-2000 .         : Nokia 3310, 5110, Siemens S25, Motorola C-series   .  Mini-SIM          (Nokia Communicator, Sony Ericsson P800  ..).




 




 :

- : 25 

- : 15 

- : 0,76 



:

- ETSI TS 102 221

- ISO, IEC 7816 (  -)

- GSM 11.11, 51.011



       Full-size SIM (C1C8).     . Mini-SIM          ( ),     .



 :

-  (CPU)

- :    16-64  EEPROM,    256   

-    SIM (DF, EF - Dedicated File, Elementary File)

-  : COMP128 (v1-v3),  MILENAGE  3G



Mini-SIM     ,   1FF:

-  250-500    

-  SMS-

-   (PLMN),  

-  PIN, PUK 

-  SIM Toolkit (STK)




  Mini-SIM




     ,   Full-size:

1.    .

2.     RST.

3.  ATR (Answer To Reset).

4.    .

5.  .



   ,      Mini-SIM   .  2FF, 1FF            .




 Mini-SIM (2FF)




1.   .    .

2.  .     ,      .

3.   .        .

4.  .        .

5.       ( 90-  2010-).




 Mini-SIM




1.    .  2007-2010 ,   iPhone   ,  2515      .

2.  .           .

3.    .      ,    Mini-SIM    .

4.    -.  ,           .




   




 2003  ETSI  Micro-SIM (3FF),   2012  Apple   Nano-SIM (4FF). Mini-SIM      .             2010- .     Mini-SIM    Micro  Nano   2020 .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=74049976)  .

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