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 Nintendo         

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 :  Nintendo, Sony Microsoft   



Steven L. Kent

THE ULTIMATE HISTORY OFVIDEO GAMES, VOLUME2:

Nintendo, Sony, Microsoft, and the Billion-Dollar Battle to Shape Modern Gaming



Copyright 2021 by Steven L. Kent

All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form.

This edition published by arrangement with Crown, an imprint of Random House, a division of Penguin Random HouseLLC.



      Sony, Microsoft  Nintendo   .        ,  Nintendo      ,  Microsoft                PS3  Xbox360.       ,     ,       .



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      .

 1982    Atari.        ,       ;      . ߠ    ,          Asteroids, Centipede, Missile Command  Tempest.  Atari    . ,  ,  Atari 2600,      ,    ,      Atari800.

    Atari      ,    .        :    ,       Nintendo.           , ,     ,  ,        .     ,      Sega Genesis[1 -   Sega Genesis    Sega Mega Drive;        . ..].       PlayStation.

       ,          .      ,  ,  ,  ,     .  , ,       :     ,     ,     -      .

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         .  2D-   ,       .          [2 -      Pong   Atari. . .]    -  8 .   ,       ⠖ ,    堖   ,        .

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 ,   Activision;    Acclaim Entertainment;    Codemasters;   Jagex




 


  ,      90-,    .    Sony    PlayStation       ,  -  , , , .

        5 ,    .         . ,   1993   ,    1994-       .   蠖 ,              :  ,       .

        ,   .    ,        ,  -   Sega Enterprises.           Sega  ,        -.

    :    Sega    . ޠ,      Sega,      [4 -  ,  47 .          .   GTA IV Shenmue      . . ..]  蠖 Shenmue[5 -   ,  Shenmue  50 . Ѡ     ,  Grand Theft Auto 5  Star Wars: The Old Republic;    100 . ..].    ,  Sega    Shenmue   .         .

 ,   ,   SquareSoft.       - ,     Disney.    Final Fantasy VII  Final FantasyVIII,     ,       ,  Shenmue.        Final Fantasy.

 ,   Final Fantasy,        (RPG)  .        :   ,         ,      .    :      .    50 .     150.   Sega, Square    ,    ,    ,     .

      .     Square  ,           .    :   ,    ,     ,    ,          .

   ,   -,   Square           [6 -    90- .   ꠖ 1989 2001.     Baywatch Hawaii     . . ..].      : ,  1960-     5.0,   ,        .         .   Square.

  Square Studios       ,        ,          .       ,   . Ѡ           .       .

   .        ,      .  Acclaim Entertainment             - ( -),       Turok: Dinosaur Hunter.

         ,         - ,       .     ,      . ʠ    ,  ,  ,  ,        .

 ,  , -           .          .     :  ,            . Ƞ  . ʠ        :    ( ,  ),    ( , ),    ( , )     ( , -).        ,     .        ,      ,  Midway Games  ,    Mortal Kombat.

   ,    ,   ,     ,      Viacom International.  1998   15  Midway Games.

   ,       ,       :        .      ,         . Midway Games,    Mortal Kombat  NBA Jam,     .      Acclaim Entertainment,  -    ,   Electronic Arts. Sega     ,  SquareSoft      ,    ,  .




  







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   :     PopCap Games,  Electronic Arts   1,3 ,  Zynga,    2 .

  ,    ,     .    ,        2004,   Zynga  2007-. PopCap Games          Bejeweled[7 -    ,    --. . ..],       250000    .








-      .  Bejeweled   ,     [ ,  PopCap]         .    ,   .

 ,  Microsoft Game Studios

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   ,    - . PopCap     Bejeweled,     ,  .      Zuma.

    PopCap,  :           . Ѡ    X     ?

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  ,   2004       GameHouse.       RealNetworks 14,6 .  21 RealNetworks    .

 ,      ,           :   ,    . ,       Sega, Sony, Nintendo  Electronic Arts,   . ,      ,      ,          Microsoft Game Studios.     Halo,       ,      .      ,        .








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 ,  MSN Game Studio

ʠ2004 Microsoft,        ,       . ,   Microsoft Flight Simulator (     1982) Microsoft Entertainment Pack (   1990  Minesweeper, Tetris  Golf).          Sega Dreamcast.       Microsoft -  ,    Windows,       .




Microsoft:    


C    Windows 95   90-     Microsoft    .    Windows 95     DirectX.         ,  ,  Windows    .             ,     Deadly Tide, Close Combat  Hellbender.

 Win95    , ,       蠖 RedWest. , ,            Windows      :       ,     .      Windows-   ,     , DirectX  Windows    -.        Windows- Doom.                   Microsoft  .

   Windows 95   DOS       -.     Microsoft   ,  Diablo (Blizzard Entertainment), Quake (id Software) Duke Nukem3D (3DRealms). ʠ 1997  Microsoft   1996-    .

   ,    Win95,    ,    .     Microsoft      TheVillage,  7      Internet Gaming Zone.    Zone      -     . ,   Zone     ,    -   ,   .

 ,     Zone         ,   . Sony, -  ,   Sega      . Nintendo   ,  Nintendo 64 (N64),     ,  Sony,    .

   .    ࠖ     (FPS)      (RTS)    -.    ,    , .

 1997 Microsoft  RTS   Age of Empires,    . Age of Empires   Windows        (LAN),        Zone.  ,    ,  Zone         Fighter Ace.   ,        - (MMORPG), Zone     MMORPG Microsoft Asherons Call.

    Age of Empires, Fighter Ace  Asherons Call.         ,        Zone     Yahoo Games  Pogo.com.

1996,   Nintendo 64,      .      Super Mario 64          . Sony    Crash Bandicoot. Sega,    ,  NiGHTS into Dreams  Panzer Dragoon II.      Final FantasyVII, GoldenEye 007  Star Fox 64.  1997   ,    , Castlevania: Symphony of the Night,    [8 -      .           . ʠ  Konami     ,      .    Symphony of the Night    . . ..].       .          Rygar, Ghouls n Ghosts Metal Gear Solid. -     . -     .

 2001 Microsoft           . Sony   PlayStation2;      Microsoft  Nintendo   .  2003        MSN Games. ʠ  Zone (  MSN Gaming Zone,   MSN Games)        Age of Empires.

   ,   ,   MSN Gaming Zone     .        : , , .   Microsoft    Halo,      PopCap      Diamond Mine  Bejeweled.








      .      .      . Π.   .     ,             .

 -        ,            ,     .         .   ,  ,    .

 

Zone  Microsoft   Nintendo  Sony  ,     .   2004 ,   MSN Games   ,     Xbox Live.    Nintendo  Sony .       ,    .

 2004 Microsoft  ,   Xbox Live Arcade     ⠖ Hardwood Solitaire, Bejeweled, Dangerous Mines, Ricochet Lost Worlds  Super CollapseII 9,99  .  , Namco Vintage,  14,99.








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      .  Zone        .    ,   . Ƞ ,        , ,          .

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  ,       ,      , Microsoft Game Studios    Halo 2.     40    80  . ,      , MSN Games          .

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1

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Sony  ,    .

 ,  - IGN Nintendo Team



  Emotion Engine[9 -  PlayStation2. . ..],  [10 -  :  emotion. The Emotion Engine the only emotion I got from it was despair. . ..],   ,  .

 




  sony


1998   Sony ,    51 .           .    Sony       蠫    :    , ꠫   蠫 . Discman,   Walkman  Sony,    ,    MiniDisc    . Ƞ,    PlayStation.

 1995 Sony  4 PlayStation, 1996-젖 9,  1997- 1998-젖 21. Nintendo       N64   35 . Sega Saturn       10[11 - Nintendo  Sega       ,     Sony      . -       . ..].

Sony      ,      90-    ,    .         .

 PlayStation -   ,        .          Samsung,     ,   .   Apple iPod     MiniDisc Discman.  , Canon  Nikon,        .     Sony Ericsson    Nokia,      2007,  Apple   iPhone  .

  ,           Sony  PlayStation. ʠ1998     ,         Walkman.  Sony          16- Super Nintendo/Super Famicom (    Super Famicom, Super Nintendo  SNES).     Sony   -,  -.








     .  ,     .  ,       . ,   .

 ,  Bandai-Namco Group[12 -    Namco 1978. ..]



     , 70-   80-     ,          ,    ,       .  .

    ,     ,    ,      ,   :    ,    .         . ,      .

 ,  -      Sony Computer Entertainment America

   ,    ,    ,   :    .    ,           Sony.

 PlayStation     ,     :      ,        .   .      .   Sony     ,    ,  ,  ,     Sony   , .

  2000 Sony            -.        Envisioneering  ,     Popular Science,




  .


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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=74056107)  .

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notes


Notes





1


  Sega Genesis    Sega Mega Drive;        . ..




2


     Pong   Atari. . .




3


     Red Dead Redemption 2, Ghost of Tsushima  God of War (2018). . .




4


 ,  47 .          .   GTA IV Shenmue      . . ..




5


  ,  Shenmue  50 . Ѡ     ,  Grand Theft Auto 5  Star Wars: The Old Republic;    100 . ..




6


   90- .   ꠖ 1989 2001.     Baywatch Hawaii     . . ..




7


   ,    --. . ..




8


     .           . ʠ  Konami     ,      .    Symphony of the Night    . . ..




9


 PlayStation2. . ..




10


 :  emotion. The Emotion Engine the only emotion I got from it was despair. . ..




11


Nintendo  Sega       ,     Sony      . -       . ..




12


   Namco 1978. ..


