 -
 


     ,         Junior    Middle.      ,   , , - ,   API,  ,   .         ,  -.





 -







 , 2026



ISBN 978-5-0070-3134-9

     Ridero




1.   Python


Python       ,       ,  ,    .      ,      ,     .

        1980-      1991 .   Python      .

 Python 

Python           :

     ,     

      

        

     Windows, macOS  Linux

   :

       

       

  Python

Python     :

 - (  ,  Django  Flask)

     

    

  

  

 Python

  ,    Python.

    :    

    Python

       Add Python to PATH

  

     :

python  version

    Python    .



  (IDE)

      :

 PyCharm   IDE  Python

 Visual Studio Code     

     .

 

       Hello, World!.

  main.py    :

print (Hello, World!)

   :

python main.py

   ,  :

Hello, World!

  Python

Python    .  ,       ,   .

   :

   

  Python  

      

 

  ()    .    :

  

  

  

    Python:

python

      :

print (2 +2)

 

  Python   

     (PyCharm  Visual Studio Code)

   hello.py

  ,    

    



   :

 ,   Python

 ,   

  

   

   

         Python      .




2.    


           Python-.         .

   

     ,     ,    :

  Python

   IDE

  

  

 Python (  )

    Python  .   ,    .

 :

python  version

 (  ):

python3  version

  (PATH)

  Python ,       PATH.    Python   .

:

python

     Python    PATH,    .

  pip

Python     pip   .

:

pip  version

  :

pip install requests

   

 Python        {}   .

:

if True:

print ( )

:

    ( 4 )

     

 

       .   ,   .

 :

python -m venv venv

:

 Windows:

venv\Scripts\activate

 macOS / Linux:

source venv/bin/activate

        .

   IDE

   :

 PyCharm

 Visual Studio Code

  :

  IDE

   

   Python

   

  ( Visual Studio Code)

 Python ( )

 Pylint ( )

 Black ()

 

  Python-:

project/

?

??? venv/

??? main.py

??? requirements. txt

??? README.md

 venv/   

 main.py   

 requirements. txt   

  :

pip freeze> requirements. txt

  

   :

pip install -r requirements. txt

  

 Python    PATH

  python  python3

    

     venv

 

   

   

   requests

   main.py,   HTTP-

    requirements. txt



   :

    

    pip

   

  IDE

   

         Python.




3.   Python


           Python.     ,     .

  

    , ,    .  Python     .

  Python  :   ,  .



       .

  



"

  

   (docstring)

"



  

Python   :

name = Alex

Name = John



print (name) Alex

print (Name) John

  .

 

  :

     _

   ,   _

     



:

user_name = Ivan

age = 25

:

2name = Ivan 

user-name = 25 

 

   Python,      :

if, else, for, while, def, class, True, False, None

  

     (, )

     

x = 5 

y = x +3 

 

     :

print (Hello)

   :

total = (1 +2 +3 +

4 +5)



 

Python      :

a, b, c = 1, 2, 3



 

 Python      :

x = 10 int

x = text  



 

 print ()    :

print (, !)

   :

name = Anna

age = 20



print (:, name, :, age)

 

    input ():

name = input ( :)

print (,, name)

 

  ,      

       input ()

   a, b     

          



 

  

   

    

   





   :

    

   

   

      

        ,       .




4.    


               Python.



  

   ,       .

x = 10

name = Alice

:

 x  

 name  



    Python

Python     :

1.  (int, float)

a = 10   (int)

b = 3.14     (float)

2.  (str)

   :

text = 

     :

s1 = Hello

s2 = World

3.   (bool)

  :

is_active = True

is_admin = False

4. None

 ,  :

value = None

 

 type ()   :

x = 5

print (type (x)) <class int>



 

    :

		x = 10
		y = int (x)  ? 

		z = str (25)  ? 

:

print (int (5) +2) 7

print (str (5) + 2) 52

  

a = 10

		b = 3

		print (a + b) 
		print (a  b) 
		print (a * b) 
		print (a / b) 
		print (a // b)  
		print (a % b) 
		print (a ** b) 

  

name = Python



print (name + " Developer) 

print (name * 3) 

 

text = Hello

print (len (text)) 5

 

text = Python



print (text [0]) P

print (text [-1]) n

 (slicing)

text = Python



print (text [0:3]) Pyt

print (text [2: ]) thon

print (text [:4]) Pyth



   :

text = Hello

text [0] = h 

 

   f-

name = Ivan

age = 25



print (f": {name}, : {age})



 

     (int, float, str, bool)

  ,    

        

       

      



 

   (5 +5)

  /  //

   

   





   :

 ,   

    

   

   

              .




5.   


                .



  

     ,    .       ,   .

x = 5 +3 



 

    :

a = 10

b = 3



print (a + b) 

print (a  b) 

print (a * b) 

print (a / b) 

print (a // b)  

print (a % b) 

print (a ** b) 

 

 True  False

a = 5

b = 10



print (a == b) 

print (a!= b)  

print (a> b) 

print (a <b) 

print (a> = b)   

print (a <= b)   

 

   :

x = True

y = False



print (x and y) 

print (x or y) 

print (not x) 

 

x = 5



x += 3 x = x +3

x -= 2

x *= 4

x /= 2



 

    :

 **

 *, /, //, %

 +, 

 

  

:

result = 2 +3 * 4 14,   20

  :

result = (2 +3) * 4 20

 

  

text = Python



print (P in text) True

print (z not in text) True

 

,      :

a = [1, 2]

b = a

c = [1, 2]



print (a is b) True

print (a is c) False

  (short-circuit)

Python    ,    :

x = 0



print (x!= 0 and 10 / x> 1)   

 

  ,  ,    

   ,  

       

       

       



 

  =  ==

   

   

   and / or





   :

   

   

    

   

     ,         .




  .


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