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Ingrid Robeyns

Limitarianism

Copyright 2024 b Ingrid Robeyns

This edition published by arrangement with United Agents LLP and The Van Lear Agency LLC

Russian Edition Copyright Sindbad Publishers Ltd., 2026

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        ,  ,   ,              .               .     ?         ?           ?      ,   , ,        ?

             .              .             ,     ,     ,          .     [4 - Ingrid Robeyns, 'Having Too Much', in Wealth: Yearbook of the American Society of Legal and Political Philosophy, ed. Jack Knight and Melissa Schwartzberg (New York: NYU Press, 2017), p.144; Ingrid Robeyns, 'What, if Anything, is Wrong with Extreme Wealth?', Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 20:3 (2019), p.251266.  ,       : Dick Timmer and Christian Neuh?user (eds), 'Limitarianism: Extreme Wealth as a Moral Problem', special issue of Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 25:5 (2022); Ingrid Robeyns (ed.), Having Too Much: Philosophical Essays on Limitarianism (Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2023).].



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 ,    ,   ,            ,   .      :   ,       .            .       ,      : ,     ,       .     [7 - Simon Johnson, 'Obama Still Doesn't Get It', Common Dreams, 10February 2010, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2010/02/10/obama-still-doesnt-get-it; Victoria McGrane, 'Left Rips Obama Bonus Comments', Politico, 2October 2010, https://www.politico.com/story/2010/02/left-rips-obama-bonus-comments-032795.].

      ,        ,     .         ,               .     ,    ,         .   2023                 .       .    2020     ,   ,      .       ,  ,            ,   ,         .   .     ?[8 -       2023 .: https://costofextremewealth.com.     .: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/13/bill-gates-suggests-higher-taxes-on-those-with-great-wealth.html; https://www.forbes.com/sites/sergeiklebnikov/2020/01/03/bill-gates-urges-lawmakers-to-raise-taxes-on-americas-ultra-rich/?sh=4ce7b3d2f3f5.         2020 .: https://medium.com/@letterforawealthtax/an-open-letter-to-the-2020-presidential-candidates-its-time-to-tax-us-more-6eb3a548b2fe.]

 ,   ,  ,       ,       .        ,  ,    ,         .    ,  ,    ,   ,        ,    .             .    ,        ,             .      ,    ,       .      ,  ,             .    ,        ,    [9 - Lasse Nielsen and David Axelsen, 'Envy, Levelling-Down, and Harrison Bergeron: Defending Limitarianism from Three Common Objections', Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 25 (2022), p.737753.].

        .   ,    -      .  ,          .  ,    ,   ,     ,       .    ,    ,   .              ,           [10 - T.M. Scanlon, Why Does Inequality Matter? (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018), p.37.].        .



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         ;           . ,            ,     ,             .  ,           .    :             2020    .   91,         ,      . [     2023. . .]         ,     ,     [11 - Conor O'Clery, The Billionaire Who Wasn't: How Chuck Feeney Secretly Made and Gave Away a Fortune (New York: Public Affairs, 2013); Steven Bertoni, 'The Billionaire Who Wanted to Die Broke Is Now Officially Broke', Forbes, 15September 2020, https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevenbertoni/2020/09/15/exclusive-the-billionaire-who-wanted-to-die-brokeis-now-officially-broke.].

    ,           Patagonia,       ,               .                .        ,    (,  ,      ,  ,        ):   ,        ,     .   - ,       ,  ,   ,   ,         [12 - David Gelles, 'Billionaire No More: Patagonia Founder Gives Away the Company', New York Times, 15September 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/14/climate/patagonia-climate-philanthropy-chouinard.html. . : Yvon Chouinard, Let My People Go Surfing: The Education of a Reluctant Businessman (New York: Penguin Books, 2016). [ :  . Patagonia     .       . .: ,   , 2017.]   Patagonia     ,    ,               . ,      Follow the Money,   Patagonia          -.        Patagonia,       ,    H&M  Zara. ,           ,     . .: Yara van Heugten, 'Duurzaam kledingmerk Patagonia produceert in dezelfde fabrieken als fast-fashion, textielmedewerkers uitgebuit', 10June 2023, https://www.ftm.nl/artikelen/patagonia-heeft-grote-moeite-met-deugen.].

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,         ,        ,    :   .    .            . ,  ,      II   ,       ,         20[21 - Laura Elston, 'Prince William Inherits ?23 Million-Per-Year-Income from Dutchy Estate', Bloomberg, 14 September 2022, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-15/william-s-duchy-finance-team-meeting-after-inheriting-23m-per-year-income.].        .        (  ,       ).     ,       .           ,            ,   ,         .   , ,     ,  ,         ,        .    ,     , ,           ,       ,       .

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  ,       .             -   .  2022    , ,   ,       ,    .   ,      .   ,     90% ,     ,      (      ),  ,    ,     [23 - Emma Bubola, 'She's Inheriting Millions: She Wants Her Wealth Taxed Away', New York Times, 21October, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/21/world/europe/marlene-engelhorn-wealth-tax.html. . : Engelhorn, Geld.].

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notes








1


 Sunday Times     .  Forbes ,  ,      ,   .       https://www.forbes.com/billionaires.  , Forbes                 .: https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires.    ,    ,    Forbes,    ,    .




2


.          ,       : Of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1%', Vanity Fair, 31March 2011, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/05/top-one-percent-201105.




3


     : Joseph Stiglitz, The Price of Inequality: How Today's Divided Society Endangers Our Future (New York: W. W. Norton, 2012); Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014); Anthony B. Atkinson, Inequality: What Can be Done? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015).  : Elizabeth Anderson, 'What is the Point of Equality?' Ethics 109:2 (1999), pp.287337; G. A. Cohen, If You're an Egalitarian, How Come You're So Rich? (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000); Christian Neuh?user, Reichtum als Moralisches Problem (Berlin: Suhrkamp Verlag, 2018); T. M. Scanlon, Why Does Inequality Matter? (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018).        : Rachel Sherman, Uneasy Street: The Anxieties of Affluence (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017).      : Ha-Joon Chang, 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism (London: Allen Lane, 2010); Robert Reich, Saving Capitalism: For the Many, Not the Few (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2015).     : Mike Savage, The Return of Inequality (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021),           ; Tom Malleson, Against Inequality. The Practical and Ethical Case of Abolishing the Superrich (New York: Oxford University Press, 2023),                . [    :  .  .      . .: , 2015;  .  XXI. .: Ad Marginem, 2016;  . .    ? .: , 2018;   . 23 : ,      . .: , 2014.]




4


Ingrid Robeyns, 'Having Too Much', in Wealth: Yearbook of the American Society of Legal and Political Philosophy, ed. Jack Knight and Melissa Schwartzberg (New York: NYU Press, 2017), p.144; Ingrid Robeyns, 'What, if Anything, is Wrong with Extreme Wealth?', Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 20:3 (2019), p.251266.  ,       : Dick Timmer and Christian Neuh?user (eds), 'Limitarianism: Extreme Wealth as a Moral Problem', special issue of Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 25:5 (2022); Ingrid Robeyns (ed.), Having Too Much: Philosophical Essays on Limitarianism (Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2023).




5


        .: G. A. Cohen, 'Where the Action is: On the Site of Distributive Justice', Philosophy & Public Affairs 26:1 (1997), p.330,  Jonathan Wolff, 'Fairness, Respect, and the Egalitarian Ethos', Philosophy &Public Affairs 27:2 (1998), p.97122.   ,           ,     -,     . ., : Susan Okin, Justice, Gender, and the Family (New York: Basic Books, 1989).




6


            .: Joseph J. Thorndike, 'Envy Doesn't Explain Soak the Rich Taxation,' taxnotes, 9August 2021, https://www.taxnotes.com/featured-analysis/envy-doesnt-explain-soak-rich-taxation/2021/08/06/76zp6.     2019 ., : 'CDU wirft SPD billige Neiddebatte vor', Zeit Online, 23August 2019, https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/2019-08/vermoegenssteuer-spd-cdu-paul-ziemiak-finanzen Marcel Fratzscher, 'Blo? keine Neiddebatte!', Spiegel Wirtschaft, 26August, 2019, https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/vermoegensteuer-wir-brauchen-keine-neiddebatte-a-1283634.html.    .: Nicholas Watt and Shiv Malik, 'Nick Clegg Wealth Tax the Politics of Envy, Says Senior Tory', Guardian, 29August 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2012/aug/29/nick-clegg-wealth-tax-envy.         ., : 'Wiegel: vermogensbelasting is jaloeziebelasting', RTL Nieuws, 13September 2015, https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/geld-en-werk/artikel/324451/wiegel-vermogensbelasting-jaloeziebelasting.




7


Simon Johnson, 'Obama Still Doesn't Get It', Common Dreams, 10February 2010, https://www.commondreams.org/views/2010/02/10/obama-still-doesnt-get-it; Victoria McGrane, 'Left Rips Obama Bonus Comments', Politico, 2October 2010, https://www.politico.com/story/2010/02/left-rips-obama-bonus-comments-032795.




8


      2023 .: https://costofextremewealth.com.     .: https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/13/bill-gates-suggests-higher-taxes-on-those-with-great-wealth.html; https://www.forbes.com/sites/sergeiklebnikov/2020/01/03/bill-gates-urges-lawmakers-to-raise-taxes-on-americas-ultra-rich/?sh=4ce7b3d2f3f5.         2020 .: https://medium.com/@letterforawealthtax/an-open-letter-to-the-2020-presidential-candidates-its-time-to-tax-us-more-6eb3a548b2fe.




9


Lasse Nielsen and David Axelsen, 'Envy, Levelling-Down, and Harrison Bergeron: Defending Limitarianism from Three Common Objections', Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 25 (2022), p.737753.




10


T.M. Scanlon, Why Does Inequality Matter? (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018), p.37.




11


Conor O'Clery, The Billionaire Who Wasn't: How Chuck Feeney Secretly Made and Gave Away a Fortune (New York: Public Affairs, 2013); Steven Bertoni, 'The Billionaire Who Wanted to Die Broke Is Now Officially Broke', Forbes, 15September 2020, https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevenbertoni/2020/09/15/exclusive-the-billionaire-who-wanted-to-die-brokeis-now-officially-broke.




12


David Gelles, 'Billionaire No More: Patagonia Founder Gives Away the Company', New York Times, 15September 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/14/climate/patagonia-climate-philanthropy-chouinard.html. . : Yvon Chouinard, Let My People Go Surfing: The Education of a Reluctant Businessman (New York: Penguin Books, 2016). [ :  . Patagonia     .       . .: ,   , 2017.]   Patagonia     ,    ,               . ,      Follow the Money,   Patagonia          -.        Patagonia,       ,    H&M  Zara. ,           ,     . .: Yara van Heugten, 'Duurzaam kledingmerk Patagonia produceert in dezelfde fabrieken als fast-fashion, textielmedewerkers uitgebuit', 10June 2023, https://www.ftm.nl/artikelen/patagonia-heeft-grote-moeite-met-deugen.




13


 ,           ,    ,       . ., : Sherman, Uneasy Street; Anand Giridharadas, Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World (New York: Alfred Knopf, 2018) [ :  .   .  , ()  . .: , 2024]; Marlene Engelhorn, Geld (Vienna: Kremayr & Scheriau, 2022).




14


Anand Giridharadas, The Persuaders: At the Front Lines of the Fight for Hearts, Minds, and Democracy (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2022).




15


         ,            .




16


 Oxfam   Survival of the Richest: How We Must Tax the Super-RichNow to Fight Inequality (2023), https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/621477/bp-survival-of-the-richest-160123-en.pdf.




17


  . ,      Matthew Desmond, Poverty, by America (New York and London: Crown and Allen Lane, 2023)        ,        ,     ,       ,  .




18


. https://patrioticmillionaires.org; https://patrioticmillionaires.uk; https://www.taxmenow.eu; https://millionairesforhumanity.org.




19


https://www.shell.com/about-us/leadership/executive-committee/ben-van-beurden/_jcr_content/par/textimage.stream/1663219934406/b5668f8ff2c6b5c89158e54cce6d7b3959dce3ba/hell-career-experience-cebb.pdf.       2018: https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/economie/bedrijven/artikel/4642021/shellceo-krijgt-twee-keer-zoveel-salaris-20-miljoen-vanbeurden.




20


Lawrence Mishel and Julia Wolfe, 'CEO Compensation Has Grown 940% Since 1978' (Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute, 2018), https://www.epi.org/publication/ceo-compensation-2018.




21


Laura Elston, 'Prince William Inherits ?23 Million-Per-Year-Income from Dutchy Estate', Bloomberg, 14 September 2022, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-15/william-s-duchy-finance-team-meeting-after-inheriting-23m-per-year-income.




22


Willem H. Gates Sr and Chuck Collins, Wealth and Our Commonwealth: Why America Should Tax Accumulated Fortunes (Boston: Beacon Press, 2002); Chuck Collins, 99 to 1: How Wealth Inequality is Wrecking the World and What We Can Do About It (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2012); Chuck Collins, Born on Third Base (White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2016); Chuck Collins, Is Inequality in America Irreversible? (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018).              2016 .    Born on Third Base, 1.




23


Emma Bubola, 'She's Inheriting Millions: She Wants Her Wealth Taxed Away', New York Times, 21October, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/21/world/europe/marlene-engelhorn-wealth-tax.html. . : Engelhorn, Geld.




24


. https://resourcegeneration.org.       Resource Justice, .: https://resourcejustice.co.uk;    Resource Movement, .: https://www.resourcemovement.org.




25


Abigail Davis, Katharina Hecht, Tania Burchardt, Ian Gough, Donald Hirsch, Karen Rowlingson and Kate Summers, Living on Different Incomes in London: Can Public Consensus Identify a 'Riches Line'? (London: Trust for London, 2020). ,        ,     .




26


Ingrid Robeyns, Vincent Buskens, Arnout van de Rijt, Nina Vergeldt and Tanja van der Lippe, 'How Rich is Too Rich? Measuring the Riches Line', Social Indicators Research 154 (2021), p.115143.




27


Morris Pearl, Erica Payne and the Patriotic Millionaires, Tax the Rich! How Lies, Loopholes, and Lobbyists make the Rich even Richer (New York: The New Press, 2021), p.111. . : https://patrioticmillionaires.org/our-values.




28


           25 ,   ,    -    .              0,1%    : 2021   10 .




29


     , ,             ,      ,      ,     . Joseph Heath, 'The Benefits of Cooperation', Philosophy & Public Affairs 34:4 (2006), p.313351.


