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Gary Saul Morson

WONDER CONFRONTS CERTAINTY

Russian Writers on the Timeless Questions and Why Their Answers Matter



   Harvard University Press  Alexander Korzhenevsky Agency ()



 Gary Saul Morson, 2023

  . .,    , 2026

    .   , 2026







* * *



          ,  -       .          ,       ,       ,                 .

 , Public Discourse



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Publishers Weekly



  .           ,     :           XIX      ,      .

 



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           .

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   ,   ,      .    ,   ,     ,      .         , ,       ,       ,     .  , ,   ,   ,      .        .

  ,  ,        ,    .       ,       ,    ,               [2 -              .  .    / Trans. C. Emerson. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.  4.].   ,     ,       ,      .      (Gullivers Travels)        .         .

     [3 -        ,    ,        .   ,    , . .],         .                ,  ,       .       ,      ?

      ,   ,          .     -     ,     ,        ,    .       (The Courtier and the Heretic)        ;          (The Best of All Possible Worlds)         ;          (Wittgensteins Poker)     ;     ,     ,         (The Infidel and the Professor)[4 - Stewart M. The Courtier and the Heretic: Leibniz, Spinoza and the Fate of God in the Modern World. New York: Norton, 2006; Nadler S. The Best of All Possible Worlds: A Story of Philosophers, God, and Evil. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2008; Edmonds D., Eidenow J. Wittgensteins Poker: The Story of a Ten-Minute Argument Between Two Great Philosophers. New York: HarperCollins, 2001; Rasmussen D. S. The Infidel and the Professor: David Hume, Adam Smith, and the Friendship That Shaped Modern Thought. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2019.].       ,  ,      , -  , ,    .

         .     ,    ,   ,     :  ,     ,  ,      ,   ,      .    :  ,  ,      200 , ,      ?    [5 - . : Miller S. The Death of Hume // Wilson Quarterly. Vol. 19. No. 3, 1995. P. 32.].        ,    , ,    ,  ,            .

          .            ,      .   ,  -    ?     ,   , ,        ?  ,   ,             .

         ,           ,   ,             . ,   ,         .     ,            ,    ,      [6 - Voltaire. Conversation of Lucian, Erasmus, and Rabelais // Candide and Other Writings / Ed. H. M. Block. New York: Modern Library, 1956. P. 469.].        ,     ,        .           ,        [7 -            ,   ,          .     ,          ,  .].

         ,       ,     ,    .         .            .

    ,             ,  ,     ,  -        .  ,        :



       ?   ? , ,   ,    ,   .       ,    ,        ,    ,     ,     -?   ,  :   ,   ?      ,        ,       ,      ,    ,    .  ,        ,          .   ?

,     :       , ,    ,    ,      ,    ,  ,           .

 , ,       [8 -  .   / Trans. C. Garnett. New York: Modern Library, 1950. P. 277278.].


          .           ,  ,         ,        .          .  -  ,    ,       ,     ,     ,     .

     .          ,    ,      ,           .     ,    ,      [9 -  .   / Ed., trans. K. Lantz. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1993 (Vol. 1), 1994 (Vol. 2). P.942.].    ,     ,   ,   ,   ,      . ,     ? ,  ,    ,     ,      .       ,     ,   .   ,      XIX .

,  ,      ,  ,  ,       ,    .                                 ,  .

      ,  ,    .         ,           :  , ,  .              ,  ,      ,      ,   ,       .     ,    !  [10 -  .  . P. 776.].

    ,      堖     !    ø .       ,    ,         .  ,    ,   ,           ,    ,   .

       ?      ,       ,   ,   .         .       ,      ,        .            ,       .       ,  ,    :   ,      [11 -  .  / Trans. C. Garnett. New York: Modern Library, 1963. P. 249, 253.].    ,      ,             .           ,   .        ,          (),     .         ,       .

     .                .         .            ,     .     ,   ,      ,   .                    ,      ,        ,    ,   ,   ,      .      ,       .       ,   ,  ;      ,     ,   .  ,  ,  ,         ,         .     ,         .        ,       [12 -  .    / Trans. A. Dunnigan. New York: Signet, 1980. P.471472.].

          ,       ,      [13 -  .   / Trans. I. Litvinov. New York: Grove, 1959. P. 291293.].               ,   ,   ,    .    ,     ,   ,      ,     ,      <>          ,         [14 -  .   / Trans. C. Garnett. London: William Heinemann, 1894. . New York: AMS, 1970. P. 143144.].

       ,   .    ,   ,  ,      ,   ,        ,        ,     [15 -  .   / Trans. M. Hayward, M. Harari. New York: Random House, 1958. P. 456.].           ,            . ,       ,       (   ).    ,           ,    ().            .

            (  ),   .    ,       ,           .      .       ,         ,   ,                 .              ,          ,      .         , ,      [16 -    ,    ,     ,             . Ellis J. M. The Theory of Literary Criticism: A Logical Analysis. Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1974. P. 44.].



        .     ,      ,  -  ,    ,  ,    ,      ,   .   ,         ,     ,  .

      ,  ,       ,          ,      .      ,    .                 ,         .               :     ,      .  [17 -    (18591939)  ,    ,    .]                 [18 - Orel H. English Critics and the Russian Novel, 18501917 // The Slavonic and East European Review. Vol. 33. N. 81,  1955 . P. 459.].   [19 -    (18721963)  , , ,   .]   :    ,   ,  ,      . <>    [] [20 - Powys J. C. Visions and Revisions: A Book of Literary Devotions. New York: G. Arnold Shaw, 1915. P. 235.].

   ,     . []      ,          (The Russian Point of View).        , ,      ,  ,  .    .         .     ,     ,  , ,         .   ,     .  ,  ,    , ,  ,     , , .        [21 - Woolf V. The Russian Point of View (1925) // The Essays of Virginia Woolf, 19251928 / Ed. A. McNeillier. Vol. 4. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt, 1994. P.186.].

 ,  ,       .        ,     .   , , , ,    ,      ,  -,   ,   ,     <>       ,         , ,     . <>   ,  , , , , ,   [22 - Ibid. P. 187188.].

      .    XX      .     ,    :       ,            ,    .   ,     :    [] ?[23 - Ibid. P.189.]  ,    ,       ,   ,    ,      .         ,   ,   [24 -    (18671931)  ,   .] ,  12      [25 - Bennet A. Russian Fiction // The Savior of Life: Essays in Gusto. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran, and Company, 1928. P. 127.].

  ,   ,       ,     . , ,       .      .    ,    ,   . ,   ,    ,     ,        ,        ,  -               [26 - James H. Preface to the Tragic Muse // The Art of the Novel. New York: Scribners, 1934. P. 84.].

              .  ,    ,       ,     [27 -     ,    . Gorky M. Reminiscences of Tolstoy, Chekhov, and Andreyev. New York: Viking, 1959. P. 16.].       .          , ,        [28 - Powys J. C. Visions and Revisions. P. 241.].      .   ,         ,     .           . ,     ,  ,           ,  . <>     ,          <>   [29 - Middleton Murry J. Fyodor Dostoevsky: A Critical Study. New York: Russell and Russell, 1966. P. 3334.].

  ,    ,  ,        ,       .      ,       ,            .   ,      ,      ,     [30 - Ibid. P. 5.].

     ,    .  ,      ,         ,  ,           .


    

      ,   ,         .  ,    ,     ,     ,     .

 1917         ,   1861     ,          .      ,    ,  . ,    ,   ,       ,  1839        .      ,   ,       ,     ,    [31 - Marquis de Custine. Empire of the Czar: A Journey Through Eternal Russia. New York: Doubleday, 1989. .      The God That Failed / Ed. R. Crossman. New York: HarperCollins, 1949. P. 165195.].  ,            ,     .         .

          ,     .   (The Harvest of Sorrow), 400-         1929  1933 ,   ,     ,                20 [32 - Conquest R. Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. P. 1.].   ,   ,      :            ,         19301938 ,          1940- .      ,       ,       .

      ,     .    ,     ,      ,      .        , ,   ,       ,     .         ,       ,   ,    .     ,      .  ,    ,      ,       ,         ,       .        ,        .  ,       .

         ,   .      .    ,      ,     ,    .       ,       ,    ,   ,    .                 ,   ,  ,     ,      60,        .        ,          ,    ,     ,  [33 -    ()    ( 14   (),   )    .],    , ,     - [34 -  .  / Trans. J. Moore. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1976. P. 232.].

        .     , , ,        .             .       ,  ,   ,    .

  :  ,  ,   ?    ,     ,   ,   ?          ,        ?       ,    ?    ,    ,             ?           ?     ?       , ,    ,  ,    ,   ?

     ,  ,  <>  ,     ,      ,     [35 - Ibid. P. 81.]. ,    ,          ,  ,     , ,         ,   , ,   .    ,  ,        ,          .      :           ?            ?  ,   ,  ? ,      ,  ,    ,      ,          ?           ?

                   ?         ?     , ,   , ,    ,         ?

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     ?  ,     ,       .        ,   ,   ,       .         ,    ?      ?

,     ,    , ,     ,       .  ,    ,                  ,               ,    ,       ,    .

 ,    XIX          ,    ,     .      .  ,      ,      ,     ,     ,     (Brave New World)   1984 ,   ( ) ,     .         ,   ,      .  ,       ,     ,    ?   ,   ,    ,   ,     ?   ,  ,        ,          ,   .

        ,       .       ,          ,      ,      ,       .  ,  ,  ,           ,          .    (P?re Goriot)      ,   (Middlemarch)      ,      .              . , , ,         .                  .     .


 

    , , ,    ,    , ,       ,       .    ,   ,  ,   ,        ,     .      ,    ,     [36 -        .   . . . .].   , ,    ,  , ,     ,       .        ,   ,       ,   ,       [37 - Eliot G. Middlemarch. New York: Modern Library, 1984. II. P. 335.].

 , ,    XIX ,              .    ,                 .




  .


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notes








1


     . . . .




2


             .  .    / Trans. C. Emerson. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.  4.




3


       ,    ,        .   ,    , . .




4


Stewart M. The Courtier and the Heretic: Leibniz, Spinoza and the Fate of God in the Modern World. New York: Norton, 2006; Nadler S. The Best of All Possible Worlds: A Story of Philosophers, God, and Evil. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2008; Edmonds D., Eidenow J. Wittgensteins Poker: The Story of a Ten-Minute Argument Between Two Great Philosophers. New York: HarperCollins, 2001; Rasmussen D. S. The Infidel and the Professor: David Hume, Adam Smith, and the Friendship That Shaped Modern Thought. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2019.




5


. : Miller S. The Death of Hume // Wilson Quarterly. Vol. 19. No. 3, 1995. P. 32.




6


Voltaire. Conversation of Lucian, Erasmus, and Rabelais // Candide and Other Writings / Ed. H. M. Block. New York: Modern Library, 1956. P. 469.




7


           ,   ,          .     ,          ,  .




8


 .   / Trans. C. Garnett. New York: Modern Library, 1950. P. 277278.




9


 .   / Ed., trans. K. Lantz. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1993 (Vol. 1), 1994 (Vol. 2). P.942.




10


 .  . P. 776.




11


 .  / Trans. C. Garnett. New York: Modern Library, 1963. P. 249, 253.




12


 .    / Trans. A. Dunnigan. New York: Signet, 1980. P.471472.




13


 .   / Trans. I. Litvinov. New York: Grove, 1959. P. 291293.




14


 .   / Trans. C. Garnett. London: William Heinemann, 1894. . New York: AMS, 1970. P. 143144.




15


 .   / Trans. M. Hayward, M. Harari. New York: Random House, 1958. P. 456.




16


   ,    ,     ,             . Ellis J. M. The Theory of Literary Criticism: A Logical Analysis. Berkeley: The University of California Press, 1974. P. 44.




17


   (18591939)  ,    ,    .




18


Orel H. English Critics and the Russian Novel, 18501917 // The Slavonic and East European Review. Vol. 33. N. 81,  1955 . P. 459.




19


   (18721963)  , , ,   .




20


Powys J. C. Visions and Revisions: A Book of Literary Devotions. New York: G. Arnold Shaw, 1915. P. 235.




21


Woolf V. The Russian Point of View (1925) // The Essays of Virginia Woolf, 19251928 / Ed. A. McNeillier. Vol. 4. Orlando, Florida: Harcourt, 1994. P.186.




22


Ibid. P. 187188.




23


Ibid. P.189.




24


   (18671931)  ,   .




25


Bennet A. Russian Fiction // The Savior of Life: Essays in Gusto. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran, and Company, 1928. P. 127.




26


James H. Preface to the Tragic Muse // The Art of the Novel. New York: Scribners, 1934. P. 84.




27


    ,    . Gorky M. Reminiscences of Tolstoy, Chekhov, and Andreyev. New York: Viking, 1959. P. 16.




28


Powys J. C. Visions and Revisions. P. 241.




29


Middleton Murry J. Fyodor Dostoevsky: A Critical Study. New York: Russell and Russell, 1966. P. 3334.




30


Ibid. P. 5.




31


Marquis de Custine. Empire of the Czar: A Journey Through Eternal Russia. New York: Doubleday, 1989. .      The God That Failed / Ed. R. Crossman. New York: HarperCollins, 1949. P. 165195.




32


Conquest R. Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. P. 1.




33


   ()    ( 14   (),   )    .




34


 .  / Trans. J. Moore. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1976. P. 232.




35


Ibid. P. 81.




36


       .   . . . .




37


Eliot G. Middlemarch. New York: Modern Library, 1984. II. P. 335.


