 69- .  
 


     50  . :   ,   ;    ;    ;     .

  ? .  ?  .

     .    ,    ,

:       .





  69- 

 



 



  , 2026



ISBN 978-5-0070-6287-9

     Ridero










   :    ר     ˨    50  








    ()    ,   ,     .    -  (),         ,      ( ~1,4%).            (       )   ,    1015%.       50   (50      50    )     .       PALEOMAGIA ( 0,46     500  ).    50  ,   - (1000 ),       720  100   --  ( 341),       5658 ..       ( 3545% ). ,       50+50   :       (  36%  50  ),       (23%)    .

 : , ,  ,   , - ,   50  ,  ,  50  .







   ,           ,            .      ,           50  .           50   ( 50      50    ),         ,      .

   :

    ,     ,   ;

       050        ;

   50      ;

    ( ,   ,  )    ,   ;

      .

 : GNSS-  POLENET [1],  GIA ICE-6G_C [2], IJ05_R2 [3],   NNR-MORVEL56 [6]  ITRF2020 [19],   PALEOMAGIA [40],       - 4-    0,1  ,   - (1000 ).          .

 :  1    (,  ).  2   :  ,  GNSS,  .  3     (  ).  4      50  : , , .      .




 1.  :    





1.1. -   


          (GIA)              (21 .  ).   GNSS- POLENET [1] (127 , 19952025)        0,5 /.     : -  (   250 )    03 /,       ( 6080 ,   85100 /?)    15 /        .     ( ),     (6 /),          .

  GIA        : ICE-6G_C [2], IJ05_R2 [3]  W12a [4].        ( C,  A)  34 /,         (.  2).           ,      10  .




1.2.      


       ,     (GSN, AGAP, TAMNNET)      Mw 24,5,     Mw 56   .       :

  ()   , -, ,    .  ,    GPS-,  0,40,9 / [41].

-   (WARS)       ( ,  ).     10?? ?? [42].

         -  (  1970 .) [27].

    ,         .    ( 3)           ,    ?50        .




1.3.       


  Bedmap2 [15],      :           320     .        ,       ,   .            ( ?0,02), ,     3,          .




 2.  :  ,      





2.1.     500  


     50           PALEOMAGIA [40]     50  .   28     (VGP)  : 5040, 4030, 3020, 2010, 100  .     35  .       : 50      63 .., 30     68 .., 10     73 ..,    75,5 . .           4.




2.2.    GNSS   


  68  GNSS- (19952025)    ITRF2020    GAMIT/GLOBK  GIPSY-OASIS.          (       0,8 /,     ).       :

NNR-MORVEL56 [6] (   ,   ):   (58,2 .., 127,5 ..),   ? = 0,219  0,007/ .

ITRF2020 [19] (  ,    ): (59,1 .., 126,8 ..), ? = 0,225  0,006/ .

  ( HS3-NUVEL-1A): (57,0 .., 129,2 ..), ? = 0,210  0,010/ .

    0,015/  ( 7%  ?),     .         NNR-MORVEL56       .      ( 75,5 .., 120 ..)  11,2  0,4 /,    343(--).




2.3.   :      50  


    :    (TPW)       ;         ?    .   50          0,09  0,03/  ( [7])      .  50      4,5  1,5.      ,     .




2.4.    :   50  


       [10]      : ? (t) = ?? * exp (-t/?)  ??=0,219/ , ?=7812  .  t     ,     t , .. ? (t) = ?? * exp (-|t|/?)  t <0 ( ).   ,  50    ?     0,34/ ,   ?=78  .  ,     ?    ,    ,      (     ,      ).     : ? (t) = ?? * exp (-t/?)  t?0 ()  ? (t) = ?? * exp (+t/?)  t <0 (),  t .     t=0.




 3.   - Ȼ ()





3.1.         


          I (t),     .      ,      (,        ),  :

d/dt (I?) = M_ridge (t) + M_drag (t) + M_load (t) + M_TPW (t), (1)

 ?      ; M_ridge       (ridge push),    ; M_drag         ; M_load  ,     ( ); M_TPW       (       ,            NNR    ,  TPW    M_drag    ).

   (d?/dt ,    ?     , ~10? )    (1)   ,     :

M_ridge + M_drag + M_load = 0. (2)

 ,  M_drag  ? (  ),  :

M_drag = -?  ?, (3)

 ?     (    ).   (2)  (3):

? = (1/?) (M_ridge + M_load). (4)

   M_load    .         ?_zz = -?_ice g H (x,y) (H   ).    h_iso (x,y)        .    (?> 100 )   : h_iso =  (?_ice/?_mantle) H,  ?_mantle ? 3300 /?.       ,         .           :

M_load = ?? (r  r_CM) ? [-? ?_ice g ? h_iso] dS, (5)

 ?     ( ?/,            ).   h_iso =  (?_ice/?_mantle) H, :

M_load = ?? (r  r_CM) ? [? ?_ice g (?_ice/?_mantle) ? H] dS = (? ?_ice? g / ?_mantle) ?? (r  r_CM) ? ? H dS. (6)

 ? (r  r_CM) ? ? H dS             .  ,          ,     .          320 ,   :

|M_load| ? (? ?_ice? g / ?_mantle) * A * ?R * (H_avg / L),

 A ? 14?10? ?   , ?R = 320 , H_avg = 2,1 , L = 500  (  ).  ? ? 10? ?/ (   10??    3300 /?),  |M_load| ? 5?10?? ͷ.  : M_ridge     (12) ?10?? ͷ.  , M_load   25%  M_ridge,     ,   GPS- (0,003/   ?=0,219/ ,   1,4%, . ).




3.2.    :     


 (4)  (6)     :

? = (1/?) M_ridge + (1/?) M_load ? ?_ridge + ?_load. (7)

 ?_load          .     (6)    20?20    Bedmap2 [15]. : |?_load| = 0,0031  0,0005/ ,   --,   ?_ridge.  |?_load|/|?_ridge| = 0,014  0,002,    1,4%.

          .   ,  ? = ? * e (e    ),  e (t)    v_pole = |de/dt|.     [7], v_pole = 0,09  0,03/ .       :

? (t) = ? (t) e_0 + ? (t) * (v_pole t) ? e_0 + ?_load (t), (8)

 ? (t) = ?_0 exp (-t/?)    , e_0    .  (8)          .




3.3.      


        ,       1?10??  5?10??  [5, 24].   ?_load  ? (. (6)), ..  5 .     ? = 2?10?? .   ?    ?_load   0,0015  0,0075/ ,   50         30   120  (   ).  ( H)  ?_load  ;    50        0,3 ,   ?_load   7 .      .




 4. ˨    50  : ,   





4.1.   


     50   (50   )  +50   (50   )   :

  (1)  (8)   3         ,  -           .        ,       .

: ? (t)     ?=78  ;   v_pole = 0,09/  ;   ?_load (t)      H (t),              [51]: 50        (H?0), 34      ,   2,1 .

    ,       ;    50      .




4.2.  :  050   


       10, 20, 30, 40  50        (28 ,   5  ).      0,2.

  10       72,8 ..   3,5,   72,6 ..,  0,2.  20   : 70,14,0  70,6( 0,5).  30   : 67,54,2  68,0(0,5).  40   : 64,94,5  65,4(0,5).  50   : 62,65,0  63,1(0,5).      0,46(?51 ),        (35).     (v_pole=0)    1,3,      2,1.  ,          50- .




4.3.   50    (  )


   - (1000 )     ( ):    ??   0,212  0,226/ ;   ?  66  90  ;    v_pole  0,06  0,12/ ;  ?  1?10??  5?10?? ;    50    0,2  0,5 .

 (  90%- ):     720  (90%  : 620820 );   341(--);      6,5( 75,5 ..  69,0 ..);    +8,5( 120 ..  128,5 ..);     57,1 .. ( 55,558,7).        ( ?_ridge + )   640 , ..     +80  ( 12,5%).




4.4.      50  


      ( 50  0)   ( 0  +50)   .

  ? (t):  50     ?   0,34  0,219/  (  36%).  50    ?   0,219  0,168/  (  23%).     :     ,   ,  ?  ,    .

  ?_load/?_ridge: 50         (H?0),  ?_load ? 0.    ?_load/?_ridge = 1,4%.  50  ,  H?0,3 ,     ?0,2%.  ,    ,         .

  :  50        ,   ( 132),    4,5.          ( 312),   4,5.       ,      .

:     -       ?.          ,         .        ?    : (0,340,219) / (0,2190,168) = 0,121/0,051 ? 2,37.        2,4  .




4.5.       50  


 , 50   ,     6263 ..,   ,      ( ).          34   .  ,  50  ,      ,    50- ,      -    CO? ().    ,     .







         ,   ()         .      50   :

     50  :      0,46(?50 )      .

    50   :    720  100  ( 341),      5658 ..,       ( 3545% ).

   :       ( 36%  50  ),    ;      (23%),    .

,         12,5%       .

:   GNSS   ;         ;      .




 


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   :    ר     ˨    50  








    ()    ,   ,     .    -  ()    ,         ,     - ,    .              ,    1015%.       50   (50      50    )     .           ( 0,56     500  ).    50  ,   - (1000 ),       410  65   -  ( 328),      (    60 ..)   6364 ..       ( 5060% ). ,       50+50   :           -,          .

 : , ,  , ,  , - , - ,   50  ,  ,  50  .







    ,   ,          :     (   15 /   ),    -   (?2,3 /  -)        ,       .   ,        :   ,            ,      [8, 10].

   ,    - ,     -          .        , ,   ,     ,        [7, 18].  ,       ,   -       [3, 14].          ,           .

          GNET (Greenland GNSS Network),   58 ,         2005  [5, 12].    ,       GPS-       ,   26  ,     ,     [8, 9, 11]. ,       -    23 /,                  [5, 11].      ,          [9].

       GNSS,  GIA,            - ,   ()          .       50  .

 :

    -   ;

       050          ;

   50      ;

    ( ,   ,  )    ;

      .

 : GNSS-  GNET [5, 11],  GIA ICE-6G_C [2]    [15],   NNR-MORVEL56 [1]  ITRF2020 [19],     [4, 16],        [17],     [3, 14, 15],       - 4-    0,1  ,   - (1000 ).          .

 :  1     (,  GNET,  ).  2      - :  ,  GNSS,  .  3     (      ).  4      50  : , , .      .




 1.   : ,  GNET   





1.1.        


   (GrIS)          ,      1,6 ,   3,2     .             57    .      ,      .

   (     )          [8, 9, 12].   ,           . ,     ,      ,        ,        [8].   ,     ,             (~20 .  ),       [10, 13].




1.2.   GNET:     


 GNET      1995    58  GNSS-    [5, 11].     ,        0,5 /.  GNET              [12].

  ,    , ,   GPS-      ,            [2, 15].   GIA   GRACE ,       ,   GIA,     ,      [2, 15].

     24 /       1215 /      -  - .       ,       .  ,          ,    GNSS    GIA,      [5, 15].




1.3.      


            ,      .      :

  .  ,    ,    180220 ,  ,      ,    80100 .

  .  -           ,     .     ,           [3, 14].  - ,       ,    ~5?10?? ,   100  ,     (??5?10?? ).           ~2?10??  [15].

    -          .   ,               [3, 14].      :            1020 . .




1.4.  :   


         [5, 11, 12].   ,    ~26 000     ,      20 ,        [12].  ,      - ,      ,    ,     ,    -  ,     [12].

      [5, 11]:

   -     ~23 / (2,3 /),    -    NNR.

  ()  -  - ,          .

  ()     ,        .




1.5.      


      ,    :   GNSS    ,       .     ,     ,     - ,       .

     [11]   :    GNET     -  (  ,       ),        ,  GIA       .          .            GPS, GRACE   GIA [2, 15].




 2.     - :  ,      





2.1.    :   


,   - ,     .  -     [16, 17],   95  80    -,        -.  80                   -,       20   ,     -,            - [16].

          9040  ,        [6].     -         50- .               100250 ,        [7, 18].   ,             ,      [7, 17].

 ,   (   8001500  )           : 50         60 .., 30     62 .., 10     65 ..,          70,5 . .        ( 4).




2.2.    GNSS   


    - ,            .   NNR-MORVEL56 [1],   -     48,7 .., 78,2 ..,     ?_NA = 0,210  0,008/ .    (ITRF2020,  )       57%.

     (   70,5 .., 40 ..)  23  1 /,    325(-) [5, 11].     [11] ,     -   -     23 /,    GNET             [11].

 ,          .      [11]    58 GPS-  , ,              26   [8].     225 GPS-     [1, 8].




2.3.      - 





  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=74268953)  .

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