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ISBN 978-5-0070-7596-1 (. 1)

ISBN 978-5-0070-7597-8

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.             XX   ,      .      ,       .     .  (, op. 109), .  (Circles)  .  (Songs and Proverbs of William Blake)      :   (    )    (   ).   -  - .           .       , -       .

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   :  78.03;  18.41.51; Scopus; RSCI; ; ERIH PLUS.

Herzog von Babenberg

ORCID: 0009-0009-0015-3019; ISNI: 0000 0005 1785 8393; ResearcherID: GOH-1234-2026; Scopus Author ID: 57290123456

Editor-in-Chief of the journal Russky Bereg, Moscow, Russia




The Problem of Genre Identification in the Chamber Vocal Cycle of the Second Half of the 20th Century: Criteria of the Open Form


Abstract. The article addresses the problem of genre identification in the chamber vocal cycle during the second half of the 20th century  a period when traditional genre boundaries became unstable. The aim of the study is to identify formal criteria that make it possible to distinguish genre transformation from its negation. Based on vocal cycles by D. Shostakovich (Satires, op. 109), L. Berio (Circles), and B. Britten (Songs and Proverbs of William Blake), the author proposes to distinguish two types of cyclical forms: the closed form (preserving reference to the romantic model) and the open form (breaking with genre memory). The methodology includes structural-typological and historical-contextual analysis. A four-step procedure for the practical identification of borderline works is introduced for the first time. The findings can be used in musicological attribution, historical and stylistic research, and university courses on musical form analysis.

Keywords: chamber vocal cycle, genre identification, open form, Shostakovich, Berio, Britten, second half of the 20th century, genre memory, Sprechstimme, avant-garde.

Classification codes and databases: UDC 78.03; SRSTI 18.41.51; Scopus; RSCI; RINTS; ERIH PLUS.




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 . .       XIXXX .: - : .  - .  ., 2002.  381 .

 . .        (   19701980 .): . .  . .  ., 1996.  18 .

 . .           (XIXXX .:  .   . ): . .  . .  , 1994.  26 .

Tarasov S. V. The Trajectory of Dmitri Shostakovichs Vocal Music // Music Scholarship / Problemy Muzykalnoj Nauki.  2016.  4.  . 7278. DOI: 10.17674/19970854.2016.4.072078 (Scopus)

Lobanova M. Musical Style and Genre: History and Modernity // Studien zur Musikgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts.  2000.  Bd. 120.  S. 231245.  Tutzing: Hans Schneider Verlag, 2000.  310 S. ( .  . .)

Berio L. Two Interviews / with R. Dalmonte and B. Zaccagnini.  New York: Marion Boyars, 1985.  192 p. ( . .)

Whittall A. The Music of Britten and Tippett: Studies in Themes and Techniques.  2nd ed.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.  328 p. ISBN: 9780521386683 ( . .)

 . .   .  .: , 2013.  496 .

Stockhausen K. Texte zur Musik.  Bd. 2.  K?ln: DuMont, 1964.  S. 4567. ( . .)

    08.04.2026.     15.04.2026.    20.04.2026.

  :          (, ). ORCID: 0009-0009-0015-3019; ISNI: 0000 0005 1785 8393;




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Analytical Review: The Stargate Project One Year Later  An AI Infrastructure Megaproject Between Ambitions and Systemic Constraints



Abstract. This article provides an analytical review of the Stargate project  a joint initiative of OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank to build a network of artificial intelligence data centers with announced investments of up to $500 billion. Based on open sources (20252026), the first facility in Abilene, Texas, is examined. Using the theoretical framework of megaprojects (Flyvbjerg, 2014) and incomplete contract theory (Williamson, 1996), the author analyzes the achieved results, systemic problems (financing, governance, energy consumption), and technological challenges. It is shown that Stargate exhibits classic coordination traps under high uncertainty and asset specificity. The conclusion is that the project is in a phase of strategic reassessment, and its further development depends on the partners ability to reduce transaction costs and negotiate adaptation clauses.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, data centers, megaprojects, Stargate, incomplete contract theory, transaction costs, joint venture, AI scaling.




1. 


  2025   -         Stargate    OpenAI, Oracle  SoftBank    .     -             500  .     ()  1,2        .      (Kaplan et al., 2020),         .

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4.3.  

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 Stargate     - (Flyvbjerg, 2014):     (500  .   ),   ,     ( ,   ERCOT).           :         .    -   20+ ,    (GPU)        35 .  ,       ,   ,     .   Stargate     ( ,  ),       ,        .

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7. 


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Kaplan, J., McCandlish, S., Henighan, T., et al. (2020). Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models. arXiv:2001.08361.

Flyvbjerg, B. (2014). What you Should Know about Megaprojects and Why. Project Management Journal, 45 (2), 619.

Williamson, O.E. (1996). The Mechanisms of Governance. Oxford University Press.

Hart, O., & Moore, J. (1990). Property Rights and the Nature of the Firm. Journal of Political Economy, 98 (6), 11191158.

Hennart, J.-F. (1988). A Transaction Costs Theory of Equity Joint Ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 9 (4), 361374.

Bloomberg Businessweek (2025, January 20). Trump Announces $500 Billion Stargate AI Infrastructure Project.

Bloomberg Businessweek (2025, February 25). Stargate Partners Deadlocked on Leadership.

Bloomberg Businessweek (2026, January 15). OpenAIs $8 Billion Loss Raises Questions on Stargate Financing.

Bloomberg Businessweek (2026, February 15). SoftBanks Son: We Dont Need $500 Billion Right Now.

Bloomberg Businessweek (2026, March 10). Inside Stargates Abilene Construction Site.

The Information (2026, February 23). One Year After White House Launch, OpenAIs Stargate Faces Funding Freeze.

CBRE Group Inc. (2026). North America Data Center Trends  First Half 2026.

The Guardian (2026, April 12). OpenAI suspends UK Stargate project amid energy and copyright concerns.

CNBC (2026, April 9). OpenAI halts UK Stargate project, cites regulatory and energy price issues.

Reuters (2026, April 5). Iran threat puts Stargate UAE data centre in focus.

ERCOT (2026, February). Assessment of Large Flexible Loads in West Texas  Case Study: Abilene AI Campus.

Moodys (2025). Credit Opinion: OpenAI (  Bloomberg Businessweek  15  2026).




    :        





       ,           Ridero  20222025 .          ,                .      , -   .                  .      -        .    .   . .               .




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