 .      :      
 


     ,    .    ,          ?

  ,      ,        - :       2025   ,    ,  ,  ,           .

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   , ,   ,        .





 

 .      :      





 


            .   ,     ,         .        ,               ,   ,   .

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    ,   :  ,     ,     ?      -  ?           ? , ,      ,        ,  ,  ,  ?

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.     



            ,      - ,       .            ,         . ,      (  ),      ,      ,    .  ,   ,     ,     ,  ,         .

  .   :                 ,       .     1949     (2025 )                      ()     XXI .       ,    ,           .    ,     ,       ,   ,      .

      .     (19491991)        ,      .    (19912014)       ,       ,   ,      .  2014 ,       ,      ,    ,    ,     .     ,      ,        .

        . ,   -  ()        ,     ,     . ,   ,     1990-,     ,     ,    .          ,     /  ,    .

    ,         ,          /.     :

-          ;

-           ;

-          ;

-   -     ;

-           .

    ,         .  I   ,       ,     .  II   ,       ,      .  III   (20142025),      2030   ,     .  IV    ,       2050         .  ,    ( ,  ),           ,   ,      .

   ,   ,     .          ,      ,     ,   .               ,     .




 I.  :      (19491991)

 1.    


   () 4  1949       XX ,             .          ,      :    ,     ,        . -  ()  -  ()         ,   ,        . ,         ,         .

        19491970- ,    ,       ,      .     ,       ,         .

1.  .     

   4  1949     , , , , , , , , , ,       .         ,         .   ,    ,      ,       . ,    ,     ,     ,    .

  1949    .  ,          ,     ,    .       (-1) 29  1949       ,      .  ,         , ,        .       ,        .








,  

29  1949 .  ,   ,     . ,  ,      ,  ,     .   ,       ,     -1     . Ÿ   ,   ,       ,    ,     .    ,   ,        .

 ,     ,    .    ,   ,       ,          .   ,       ,   .  , ,  ,  : !    .     텻

 7:00    ,   .     ,   ,   ,    .   , ,    ,        ,   . -1,   ,  .  ,    ,   ,  ,    .

     ,       . , ,    ,  , ,       ,    . ,    ,   .           ,   ,   ,       .  ,      ,    :    . -1      ,       .

      ,      ,       ,      .  ,    ,   .  , ,     , ,      ,   . -1          ,  ,      ,      .

  ,         . 29  1949          .   ,       ,            .   ,           ,       ,    ,   . -1,    ,  ,    ,         .

            ,          .

   -           (),   1952          .    ,       ,            1015  .  1967       (),      .      19521996    600  ,          .

       ,       ,     1954 .  ,     ,          ,       .     ,             ,       .

        ( PGM-11   PGM-19 ),   1950-    .








. 1  [1 - : https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/thor_irbm.htm]

 ,   Douglas Aircraft  1955 ,    2 400        1,44 .             .

,  Redstone Arsenal  Chrysler  1956 ,    (2 4003 000 )     1,5 ,         .

       ,         .






. 2.  [2 - : https://live.staticflickr.com/3623/3341825205_af4c64a2de_b.jpg]

   19611962    15          (   ),     30       (  --  ).     ,   19601961 ,      ,        1962 ,       1963 .

  ,         ,         .    ,    NADGE (NATO Air Defence Ground Environment),   1950- ,      ,   .








. 3   NADGE   [3 - : https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pictures/images_history_e2/20170928_e2-def-det-nadge-1.jpg]

NADGE        ,    .  ,     ,   .              .

         ,         .

  Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE)    Royal Radar Establishment   Type 80,    NADGE    Chain Home.          ,    .

   Thomson-CSF ( Thales)         SATURNE    ,  Centre d'lectronique de l'Armement (CELAR)         .    ( ,  Dassault),   Mirage III     .

  ( ,  )    ,   Mutual Defense Assistance Act,      .

         ,   .       ,          .  ,     ,    ,    ,      ,    .                    .

2.         

    -1 4  1957       ,       .         ,          . ,     , ,          ,   .        ,   1958    (NATO Science Committee)  ,         -    .

    ,      -,         .       :  ,     .         .      ,   ,       ,    ,     .      ,    ,     .










   .  "-1"   

 1957   ,     4          ,     .   ,     - -7,      -1.   ,  83 ,  :   ,  ,    , ,   ,       .  22:28        ,   ,   ,    .    --   ,   ,        .  ,   ,    ,      .

    ,    .  - , ,      ,   ,          .    !    ,  -    .   !   !      ,    -.     ,      .  , ,           ,         ,    ,       ,     .  ,     -,     ,   ,  :   ,  ,   ,      .

    ,  ,    . ,         ,    ,      ,    .  , ,         ,     , ,  ,      .

-1           , ,  ,     ,       .          ,      .   ,   ,   ,         :          ,     ,   .

 --    ,      ,     .        ,        .       ,   ,        , ,       .       ,   ,     , ,    . -1     ,    ,  :     ,     ,      .



        ,   (   2006 )         (Science for Peace and Security, SPS).       .

     ,      ,        .  ,      ,   . ,    ,    ,        . ,    ,     ,        .

        .      ,    ,     ,       . ,    1950-          ,    ,    .       ,        .

      .        ,    -     . ,        (Norman Foster Ramsey)   ,    ,      1989 .           .  ,     ,    ,   ,   ,     .

           ,             ,             .

           ,    ,        .      ,              ,          ,    .        ,  , ,       , ,    ,            .

  ,   ,        19581959 ,       .    ,   ,     ,     ,      .   ,        ,      ,   ,           .  ,   ,              ,          .

                     . ,       ,   .               - .      ,   ,       ,     .       ,   , ,   ,             .

       ,        .           ,        .

     ,       ,      .   ,         1957 ,        1961 ,      ,        ,     .                  ,          .

-         ,           XX .      ,  ,   ,      .  ,     ,    ,      ,     ,      .  ,         ,          .

3.       

   ,  ,    ,        ,   ,    .          ,    ,         .

   ,      (MIT),    (Caltech),     ,  5060-  XX      ,          .        ,        ,      ,    .            ,        , ,    .

, MIT    (Lincoln Laboratory)      SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment)         ,          .

   ,   - ,   Lockheed Martin, Boeing  General Electric,     ,            .         ,          .

  ,          , -            .  ,               ,       ,   .

 ,  19501960-     -    ,               .                       .    ,   ,                           .

     .  1950-     70%     ,     . ,       ,     ,     .      ,           .      ,      .

  ,       1950- ,          ,   19501970- . Ÿ    ,              ,     ,         ,      .        1954      ,  ,         ,             .

         ,       B-47  B-52,               .  1960        (SIOP),     3400      ,      - ,  ,       [4 -  . .           //  - .  . 2020. . 13. . 1. . 111135. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2020.108].        ,      ,    .

        -         .           ,                    .          ,        ,        .

    ,          ,       .         ,         .    ,    1960- ,          ,       ,          [5 - perconcordiam.com/perCon_V12N3_RUS.pdf (https://perconcordiam.com/perCon_V12N3_RUS.pdf)].

       .        ,    . ,    AN/FPS-17,     ,        1950- .  ,     Raytheon,      ,      .         ,       .

      19501970-           ,            .                  ,               .           ,        ,         .

               (.  1).   ,      ,        1962 .

             ,           1962  -       ,       .

              ,     ,    .        ,       ,     ,         .                ,               .

             ,     1950-  1970- .

            ,        ,   Force de Frappe[6 - Livre blans sur la dfense, 1972, Digith?que MJP,.  URL: https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/defense/lb1972.htm (https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/defense/lb1972.htm) ( : 17.06.2025).].               1966 ,               .                  ,              .

,         ,      ,      ,      .    ,          ,               -       .    ,                ,        ,           .

         1966     .   ,                 .   1966               ,        ,            .     -     ,              .   ,              ,           .

  ,    1950- -  1960- ,         .      1960        ,                  .           ,              ,              .

  ,          ,        .

4.  .    - 

 ,      ,           .  1950-      -    ,   -  ().  ,      ,     ,        .

    .     -1  1949    ,    .       -6  1953 ,     .  ,     ,   ,     .        ,   .,    ,   ,     .

    ,     .  -1  1957 ,     ,    ,   ,        .

    :     (  )    ,      .        ,    .

   -       .         .

     ,        [7 - Burke, Jerome J. (2010) "Hide and Seek: The Untold Story of Cold War Naval Espionage," Naval War College Review: Vol. 63: No. 1, Article 16. - URL: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol63/iss1/16].       AN/FPS-49          ,           .      ,         .

        -25             [8 - ,  .  URL: https://histrf.ru/read/articles/bierkut-prikryvshii-moskvu (https://histrf.ru/read/articles/bierkut-prikryvshii-moskvu) ( : 17.06.2025).].      1950     ,      ,         .        22      56 - ,      20    [9 -      -  -25  ().  URL: https://historykpvo-2.ucoz.ru/index/0-4 (https://historykpvo-2.ucoz.ru/index/0-4) ( : 01.07.2025).].

    ,      ,       ( -200)    .    ,     ,   MIM-3 Nike Ajax,            [10 -  .].        ,           .








   :     U-2

 1  1960        -         ,        .         -     - Lockheed U-2,    .

  ,     20 700 ,     -      .  U-2           ,   ,    .    ,     -75 ,      .

 8:46  5-    37-              .        ,  U-2  ,     .   ,  8:53,   2-  57-   ,     ,      .     ,        - ,     .

        : ,  U-2  ,        .         -19,   .   ,    , ,   .

   ,      ,      .         .         ,        .

       -  U-2                 .     ,                .



           ,         .   -25      -     ,       3  25      1500 /.    1966           4300 /     35 ,      .








. 4.    U-2      [11 - : https://fondsk.ru/sites/default/files/images/inline-images/2019/12/06/vm05121904.jpg]



 ,           ,          -25 ,                  -  .

    19501970-              ,            .

               . ,         ( -              )[12 -  :    .  URL: https://www.zavtra.ru/books/holodnaya_vojna_obestcenennoe_serebro_i_zoloto (https://www.zavtra.ru/books/holodnaya_vojna_obestcenennoe_serebro_i_zoloto) ( : 17.06.2025).]                  .        ,    ,             .

               .         - ,        ,   ,     .     ,      ,         ,       -    .

 ,      ,      .   ,         ,      ,    ,         .       -        ,                .

        ,    ,        ,      .         ,       ,     ,               .

 ,     19501970-      ,          ,   ,  ,     .                           .

          ,        .    ,     ,      .       ,    .

***

  1970-       - :  (  1952 ,   1967 )   (   1958 ,       1969 ).    ,    ,       ,          ()       .

     194970-         ,       ,           .         ,     ,     ,      .              19571958         ,         ,   , ,      .

  ,        ,       ,        -   .        ,         ,      .     ,              ,         .

 ,   ,    - ,       ,    - .  19501970-                 .     ,        - ,       .          ,         .          ,            .

 ,                 ,        .               ,   -          .             -        .




 2.  . ,    


 19601980-      ,             .

 ,      ,        ,     .  ,        ,      .

     19601980- , ,  ,         ,    ,      .            ,         .

1.   :    

,        -1  1957 ,          19601980- . ,  ,          .   ,        ,      ,    NASA    .      ,         .

       .  1960-        NATO SATCOM,             .   NATO I,   1970 ,    ,      -        ,    .  ,     ,   Hughes Aircraft,     ,      .           ,  ,    .

 ,             ,   19601970-        .

 CORONA,   1960 ,       ,         ,    ,    [13 - Day, Dwayne A. Eye in the Sky: The Story of the Corona Spy Satellites. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999.].       ,     ,         ,         .  CORONA      ,            .








. 5.   CORONA[14 - : Clarke, Keith & Santa, Director & Ncgia, Barbara. (1999). Ten Milestones and Three Guesses: Navigating the Path to Geographic Information Science]

  1970-   CORONA            KH-9 Hexagon,       .       ,             ,     .  KH-9   ,    ,         ,       ,         .    1971  1986     20  ,   19   ,           .

                 - ,      .

         ,            ,         .

           .

       (C2),         ,   1977 [15 -  . "  "//   , 1977, 4, .3-10].

 ,   ,     ,     -II     1983 [16 - Schwarz P. Stationing of long-range US precision missiles in Germany: Another step towards Third World War. WSWS. 26.07.2024.  URL: https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2024/07/27/wpcv-j27.html (https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2024/07/27/wpcv-j27.html) ( : 01.07.2025).].  ,    , ,        ,     .

 ,  ,     .     :  1961        ,   1965         .  ,        ,   :      (   )    ,    .    ,   1960- ,     ,       .        ,      ,   .

2.  .        

         19601980- . ,  ,           .

     ,         -,     ,       .

 1960-           ( Onest John    W48).  ,    ,            .  ,   ,         . ,   - ()   (),    ,    ,            .  , ,        ,     ,       .

       . ,    ,         . ,     ,       . ,      ,   1970- ,    ,      .  ,    , ,         ,    .

 19701980-         .

  -II    ,      ,       ,   .  ,     1983 ,    ,       .

     ( ,     , SDI),   1983 ,   ,     .

SDI,        ,    ,       [17 -  .   :     ? : .  . / . , . ; . .  . . . .  .: , 1989.  302 . ISBN 5-01-001820-9].

            [18 -  ..,  ..,  ..   " "  "  " .: ,   . - : URSS, 2008. - 56 . ISBN 978-5-9710-0223-9].

 1960-       () -16,     .  1970-      -36 (),     .

     ,   -35  ,         -II[19 -  .   -35 -  . . 14.03.2021. - URL: https://zvezdaweekly.ru/news/2021391258-qdOa5.html ( : 01.07.2025)].   ,   ,      ,   ,       .

3.     .  

,    ,    ,  19601980-               .

  ,      ,      ,     .

          ,   ,         .  ,    ,    :         .

 ,  ,    ,    ,        .

  ,          ,   ,               ,         .

,       ,         (1948),   1960-      . ,  ,          .   ,     ,      ,     ,     .   ,   1958 ,     ,   ,      (MIT)     (Caltech),    - ,  IBM, Sperry Rand  Burroughs.

            (),        , ,     .

 NADGE (NATO Air Defence Ground Environment),   19601970- ,    . NADGE   ,    ,     ,    , ,   .  ,    IBM  Sperry Rand,         ,   . , NADGE     -95            ,      .

   ,  ,         ,      . ,   MIT     (  ,  ,  ),  NADGE      .

            .

NADGE      SACCS (     ,  Strategic Automated Command and Control System),     . SACCS,   1960- ,   IBM 7090    ,          ,     .








. 6.       , -  , . , .[20 - : https://www.defensenews.com/resizer/v2/G22GROZWYFGDPMOO4TB7JLYJIE.jpg?auth=6e122afb361620dd99858aa947ad5e849cb4f91966d81fcd169a4085a4d17f2c&width=1024&height=768]



 ,  ,      ,      , ,     1962 .  ,   ,    ,   1967 ,          . , SACCS    ,   ,     .

 1970-        ,      .

 ,        1960- , ,        .

 1977      DES (Data Encryption Standard)[21 - National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Special Publication 800-67 Recommendation for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) Block Cipher, Version 1.1  URL: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-67-Rev1/SP-800-67-Rev1.pdf (http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-67-Rev1/SP-800-67-Rev1.pdf). ( : 01.07.2025)],  IBM      (NSA). DES,     ,         ,   ,    NATO SATCOM    .    ,    ,      GCHQ,     ,     . , GCHQ       -       ,     .

     .    ,   1970- ,   ,   CORONA  KH-9 Hexagon.  ,     ,       ,    . ,        ,     Burroughs B6700,      -II     1983 .

    

          ,         .

            ,  NADGE (NATO Air Defence Ground Environment),       1975     500  .             ,           ,     ,     .  ,      ,          ,       .

   ,  ,          ,      IBM,       .           ,             .

     ,                  .       ,    Bull Gamma,            .          ,          .

,         ,          ( ,  ICL 1900),     .             -    .

             .

    ,    ,       ,            .                  ,        . ,  1970-               ,        .

  ,                    .            ,          .

,   19601970-        ,    ,          .

 ,      ,       ,     .  1960-      ,       .  ,     ,  ,     ,   .

       ,     .

 1962      (  ),            .      ,   ,     .

      -    ,       .   ,      ,        .








     

 1962 ,        ,      ,           .   -    () -      ,         .      ,      - .

 :   1970-           ,    ,  , ,     .      ,       , ,   .  ,     ,             .

      ,       ,     ,   ,     . ,     ,  ,  ,        .        ,      .

  , ,         -  ,  ,         ,  .              . ,              .

       ,    ,       .      ,  ARPANET    .      - ,       ,      .

       .        ,    .   ,    ,          .    ,        .

     ,                .    ,    ,    - ,          .

   .       ,         .   ,     -         ,   ,        .



       ,    .

 ,   1970-    ,   ,     [22 -  .   .        .  . 22.02.2022.  URL: https://topwar.ru/192438-rozhdenie-sovetskoj-pro-kak-byl-sozdan-i-pochemu-provalilsja-kompjuter-jelbrus.html (https://topwar.ru/192438-rozhdenie-sovetskoj-pro-kak-byl-sozdan-i-pochemu-provalilsja-kompjuter-jelbrus.html) ( : 01.07.2025).].

      ,   -200,         .    ,     ,     ,     .

     .      ,    ,  .     ()        ,     ̻,     .  ,    ,       ,    .








    

  (1962).          .   SACCS    U-2  ,    - .  , ,    -20         ,     .   ,      ,        .

  Able Archer (1983).    Able Archer  NADGE       .       ,     .  ,   ,      ,   .   ,        .



    

         ,              .

,        ,        ,    .           ,    ,       ,       .          ,        (  ).     ,                ,         .

 ,   ,         .

      ,     ,   ,      ,      ,   .               ,        ,  .      ,          ,         .

                .

,  ,    - ,       ,  ,   ,             . ,  1975          ,       ,             .

                ̻  ,    ,     ,         .

          ,       ,           .

  ,   19701980-          ,    ,                 .

,             ,        ,              .                     ,        .

4.  :  ,    

 ,      ,             19601980- .  ,       ,        ,     ,    .  ,    -  ()    (),       ,    ,          .  ,      ,     ,      .          ,    ,               .

 :     

    19601980-    ,       .    -1  1957      ,    ,    .  ,   ,  -1 (  )  ,     ,      .

 1960-        .    12  1961    -1,     ,       .  ,     ,  ,      .  1965              -2,       .  ,     ,   : ,     ,    ,   -7,           .

 1970-       ,       .       -1  1971 ,       ,      .     ,     ,      . ,  -3 (1974)           ,       .  ,    ,        -II    .

   ,   19601980- ,      .  -389 (1970), ,      ,       ,   NADGE.

  ,   ,      1 ,       .  ,       ,        .

       .         ,         .    ,   1967 [23 -  .        . .  URL: https://rgantd.ru/news/pamyatnye-daty/iz-istorii-mezhdunarodnogo-sotrudnichestva-v-sfere-osvoeniya-kosmosa/ (https://rgantd.ru/news/pamyatnye-daty/iz-istorii-mezhdunarodnogo-sotrudnichestva-v-sfere-osvoeniya-kosmosa/) ( : 01.07.2025).],      (, , ,   .)   ,    .        1980   -38        ,    .

 :   

    19601980-         ,   ,     -II    ,    .  - ,    ,    ,           .  ,   :  ,  ,  ,      ,    .

 1960-       () -16,   .  ,       6 ,     11 000 ,     .

 1970-     ,  -36 (),     . -36,     1975 ,    10  ,          .       ,      ,    .

          .

 -ѻ  ,   1970- ,            .  ,     ,        .         ,        .








 

  -    ,   1955                .

       1945       -  ,   .  1946        ,          .    11    -    ,  -,  ,     -   ,               .

    7  11  1957      ( )      .     22   10 ,     .        ,          .          - .

    -  , ,       .       ,        ,   ,     .

                (1963),    (1968),       .        ,     , ,       ,     .

                       1995 .       300 ,   4500       ,        .

  -     ,            .           ,       .



       .

      ,     .             .  ,    ,    ,     ,     ,      .

 :   

        -  ,   -II  ,     1980- .  ,     ,      ,       .

 -35,     1970- ,     ,     . -35  - -350   -2ͻ,       3000 .      -35      120 .  1980-      -135,       .  ,       SDI,      .

  ,     [24 -  :        . .  URL: https://zvezdaweekly.ru/news/201511210749-x1dq.htm (https://zvezdaweekly.ru/news/201511210749-x1dq.htm) ( : 31.05.2025).],     ,     .  ,     ,    ,     . ,     10  ,        .  ,     ,    .

   ,        .     ,    ,      ,          .      (,  λ)    ,        .

   

    ,             .    ̻            .          ,    . ,       1980   -37    ,  .

    .    ,  ,   ,    .        ,    - ,     .








, , 

  (1974).  -699      ,      -II.  ,     ,      -36,  .

  (1979).          Able Archer,  .         .

   (1983).  -2ͻ  -135       ,     ,      .



  

   ,      7080-  XX          .         ,     ,        .    ,    1971 ,    ,             .           (),            XXI ,      .

 80-  XX          ,          .

   ,      ,          ,       .      SHAPE Technical Centre   -  ,    1950-       ,         SATCOM.               ,           .

     ,     ,        ,      .                  .             ,       ,       .           .

 ,  ,   ,        .                   ,   ,   .                            .

   6080-  XX      .   DES,    ,   ,        AES,        .

                  .        ,      :   ,        ,    -        .           ,         .

7080-  XX         ,        .       ,             ,             .

     ,   -135,    1970-   1980- ,           .        ,   -500,        ,      .  ,              ,            .

     ,        ,        ,          .

  ,        ,               .          ,     ,        .

***

  7080-  XX   ,                         .           ,        .

                   ,          ,        .        ,   ,      . ,   ,     ,       ,      .

 ,     ,     ,    .     -1  1957     ,   197080-       -     -7  -10      ,   -300,    -25.              ,         .

 197080-               ,             ( , ).

 1983               ,  ,   ,           ,        .

             ,     .

           ,   ,          ,      .

 ,          ,           ,      .  ,        ,          -    .




 3.  :    


    (19491991)       ,          .

 ,      ,         ,        .   ,       ,          .

 ,  ,    ,  ,     .   ,                  ,     .             ,       ,       ,    .

1.      

    7080-  XX              ,    ,   - ,      .      ,      ,    ,      ,          .

 1970- ,         ,        -10  (SS-20),        ,        .            ,          ,  ,    .                  ,       ,      1970- .

  ,             (, SDI),       1983 .  ,     ,       ,          .          ,     11 - ,      .     ,  ,       ,             .

            .         .   ,     ,                  .             ,         .

         - .  ,    1980-,       ,          .         ,        ,        .       ,          ,         .

 ,             .  19701980-           ,     .           ,      .    ,           ,    ,      .

,              ,    - ,       .             ,      ,       .          ,      ,   ,   .

   19701980-     ,                  .      ,              ,    ,      .

2.      

    ,       ,  .  ,       ,   ,    ,    .

 ,    ,   (,   .)    -, ,        .

 

       .

 ECHELON,    1960-            ,           ,        .

  ECHELON        SIGINT (Signal Intelligence),     ,    (),  ()    ( ).      ,   ,      ,   ,    ,    .

   ECHELON            ,     ,    ,   1960- .








. 7.    ECHELON[25 - : https://atlas-report.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/1440px-Menwith-hill-radomes-1024x768.jpg]

       ,         ,          .

       ,     ,     ,         ,     .

  ECHELON,   ,     SILKWORTH  SIRE,    ,      .                ,    ,      .  1974    ECHELON         -36   ,           -II  .    ,            .

   ,  ECHELON     ,     ,     .   19701980-     ,    ,      .   ,             ,       .      ,       .

 , ,        ECHELON,        .        ,       ,      ,         .          ,          .

 , ECHELON        ,        ,      .               ,            .

 , ECHELON        ,    ,  -  ,         ,     .          , ,               ,    ,        .

   

                   ,      ,           .          ,   19701980-          .

          Harvest   ,      ()      .[26 - Johanns, K. Tech Time Warp: Harvest computer decodes secrets for the NSA. Tech Time Warp. 26.02.2021.  URL: https://smartermsp.com/tech-time-warp-harvest-computer-decodes-secrets-for-the-nsa/ (https://smartermsp.com/tech-time-warp-harvest-computer-decodes-secrets-for-the-nsa/) ( : 17.06.2025).]  1970-             ,   ,     .      -,  ,        IBM System/360,       .   ,     (      )     ,   Harvest             .         ,               .

 1980-           (),          .        DARPA (   -  )  SHAPE Technical Centre  -        .          (SCI),   1983 .      ,               .         ,                .

   Harvest   SCI      . IBM System/360,    Harvest,     ,           .        ,       .   SCI         ,      ,        .         ,      .

   ,         ,   ,        .                ,     .    ,  ,    ,          .

              ,               .    ,  ,  SCI,           ,        .           .

       ,      ,           .          (Command and Control Warfare, C2W)[27 - Hutcherson Norman. Command and Control Warfare. Putting Another Tool in the War-Fighter's Data Base. Research Report No. AU-ARI-94-1. Air University Press. Maxwell Air Force Base. Alabama 36112-6610. 1994  URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA286005.pdf],   ,                 .       ,    ,        .

     ,           19701980-      ,       - .  ,          ,    ,       ,    .   ,       ,    ,               .

   

               ,          ,         .  ,        ,          ,       ,     .

 1970-    ,     ,          .            ,        .          ,           . ,  1976    ,      ,  -  -,   .        Radio Free Europe,            [28 -     -   :      1960-70- .  URL: http://intcom-mgimo.ru/2017/2017-02/soviet-psychology (http://intcom-mgimo.ru/2017/2017-02/soviet-psychology) ( : 31.05.2025)].

   ,         ,          .     ,      ,      ,      ,              .      -    ,       .

,          - ,     ,          .  ,               ,              .       ,         ,     .

          ,    ,         .         ,    ,     ,       .

            ,            ,       .  ,           ,    ,           .            ,             .

 

    19701980-          ,          .      ,       ,           ,                 .

   ,     ,       -25    1976 .  ,       ,      Wright-Patterson    Farnborough  .    ,     -25    .         F-15 Eagle,     ,            .

      .   1970-          ,       . ,  EC-135,    AN/USD-7,   ,            ,    .          ,      ,          .          ,     ,         .

            (COCOM)[29 -      (), .  Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom).  URL: http://diplomaticdictionary.com/dictionary/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB-coordinating-committee-for-multilateral-export-controls-cocom/ (http://diplomaticdictionary.com/dictionary/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB-coordinating-committee-for-multilateral-export-controls-cocom/) ( : 17.06.2025).],            .    COCOM,          ,          .     ,   1976  1980        800       [30 -  . :            . : , 1995. - . 42.].       ,            ,      .

           ,       . ,              ,         .        ,      ,       .        ,  F-15  F-16.

,      19701980- ,        ,    ,              .     ,       ,            ,     ,              .

3.  :     

 ,     ,   ,           .  ,     ,  ,     ,            .      ,            .

 :    

    19601980-          ,          ,          ,         .      ,    ,      ,       - ,      ,    ,    ,   .

    1961         ,    ,        ,     .  ,           1965 ,      ,     ,        .        ,        ,      ,      .       (1977),           ,       SATCOM,             .

       ,         ,   ,   1967 .         , , ,                 .    (, 1978)    (, 1980)        ,      . ,      1980    ,           .

           ,   ,    -,      -  . ,        -   19701980-      Space Shuttle    .        ,                     19711975 ,  ,           - .              ,        .

         :  ,   .        100   ,      . Ÿ        -16,     ,        .     ,     ,   ,       .       ,    ,   -      .

                 .  -6,     1977 ,     ,            . ,     ,                  .       ,                      ,       .

   - ,           ,       .     ,      ,      ,       .            ,      .  ,          ,         ,      .

   19701980-          ,              .                 ,            ,    .          ,    ,            .

 :    

    ,           ,           ,          .  ,   1970- ,              .        ,        ,      .    ,      ,      .       ,   ,         . ,  1975              -II,           .

   ,        ,       (,     ),          .              ,        .            ,        .

 -   

    19601980-      ,         ,    .            ,     ,                 .                   ,                .

     ,       .

                 .     ,           -    ,    . ,  1980   ,   ,   ̻     ,                .

     ,         ,           .                ,          .       ,           .

      :        ,    ,    ,      .   1980-                ,       .

   19701980-     ,          ,                    .                  ,      ,     -        .

 ,                  ,            .

    

 ,  ,       ,    ,      .         ,       - ,         .  1970-            ,               .            ,             .

  л,     1979 ,      .       ,      ,    ,    ,      .       ,        .        ,       ,        .

            ,         .

***

     19701980-         ,          ,        .  ,       ,   ,    ,            ,          .                         .

              ,   SIGINT ( )  ,       .        ,     ,            .              ,          .

       ,        ,    .  ,         ,          ,    .  ,       ,                    .

       19701980-  ,         ,     .   ,      ,    ,    -  ,          .             ,    - ,             .




 4.   :         


    (19491991)   ,   ,    ,            .  ,  ,          ,           .                 ,       .  ,   ,  -    ,     ,      .            , ,        ,     ,           .              ,        ,      .

1.          

    19601980-            ,       .        ,  ,        ,           .    ,   1958 ,     ,     .

   :    

             ,        .         ,         ,    ,     . ,  1975               ,           .  ,     ,    ,      ,      .

      .          ,    .   ,    ,   ,    IBM   NATO SATCOM,     . ,       (1978)        ,       .  ,       ,    ,     .

     

                     . ,        ,     ,              .

        ,   19601970-        .           ,       .  ,     Raytheon,       ,     ,  ,      .       ,     ,   ,   ,        .                  ,        .

                 ,      .  ,    1970-       ,    NADGE (NATO Air Defence Ground Environment).        ,     ,   ,     .   ,     ,           ,          ,    ,    .        ,       ,           .

             ,                  .             ,             .  ,  NADGE     ,      ,       .

       -  ,     ,               .                   ,    ,     ,      .

   ,                 -         .       ,         ,            .

 

                 .       ,               .  19701980-  ,   ,   ,          ,        ,    .

                     ,    ,       .        .     ,   1976   -        .            , ,      ,       .  ,      ,      ,        .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/raznoe/zheleznyi-razum-nato-protiv-sssr-i-rossii-kak-nauka-stala-oruzhiem-74325172/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


: https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/thor_irbm.htm




2


: https://live.staticflickr.com/3623/3341825205_af4c64a2de_b.jpg




3


: https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pictures/images_history_e2/20170928_e2-def-det-nadge-1.jpg




4


 . .           //  - .  . 2020. . 13. . 1. . 111135. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2020.108




5


perconcordiam.com/perCon_V12N3_RUS.pdf (https://perconcordiam.com/perCon_V12N3_RUS.pdf)




6


Livre blans sur la dfense, 1972, Digith?que MJP,.  URL: https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/defense/lb1972.htm (https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/defense/lb1972.htm) ( : 17.06.2025).




7


Burke, Jerome J. (2010) "Hide and Seek: The Untold Story of Cold War Naval Espionage," Naval War College Review: Vol. 63: No. 1, Article 16. - URL: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol63/iss1/16




8


,  .  URL: https://histrf.ru/read/articles/bierkut-prikryvshii-moskvu (https://histrf.ru/read/articles/bierkut-prikryvshii-moskvu) ( : 17.06.2025).




9


     -  -25  ().  URL: https://historykpvo-2.ucoz.ru/index/0-4 (https://historykpvo-2.ucoz.ru/index/0-4) ( : 01.07.2025).




10


 .




11


: https://fondsk.ru/sites/default/files/images/inline-images/2019/12/06/vm05121904.jpg




12


 :    .  URL: https://www.zavtra.ru/books/holodnaya_vojna_obestcenennoe_serebro_i_zoloto (https://www.zavtra.ru/books/holodnaya_vojna_obestcenennoe_serebro_i_zoloto) ( : 17.06.2025).




13


Day, Dwayne A. Eye in the Sky: The Story of the Corona Spy Satellites. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999.




14


: Clarke, Keith & Santa, Director & Ncgia, Barbara. (1999). Ten Milestones and Three Guesses: Navigating the Path to Geographic Information Science




15


 . "  "//   , 1977, 4, .3-10




16


Schwarz P. Stationing of long-range US precision missiles in Germany: Another step towards Third World War. WSWS. 26.07.2024.  URL: https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2024/07/27/wpcv-j27.html (https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2024/07/27/wpcv-j27.html) ( : 01.07.2025).




17


 .   :     ? : .  . / . , . ; . .  . . . .  .: , 1989.  302 . ISBN 5-01-001820-9




18


 ..,  ..,  ..   " "  "  " .: ,   . - : URSS, 2008. - 56 . ISBN 978-5-9710-0223-9




19


 .   -35 -  . . 14.03.2021. - URL: https://zvezdaweekly.ru/news/2021391258-qdOa5.html ( : 01.07.2025)




20


: https://www.defensenews.com/resizer/v2/G22GROZWYFGDPMOO4TB7JLYJIE.jpg?auth=6e122afb361620dd99858aa947ad5e849cb4f91966d81fcd169a4085a4d17f2c&width=1024&height=768




21


National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST Special Publication 800-67 Recommendation for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA) Block Cipher, Version 1.1  URL: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-67-Rev1/SP-800-67-Rev1.pdf (http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-67-Rev1/SP-800-67-Rev1.pdf). ( : 01.07.2025)




22


 .   .        .  . 22.02.2022.  URL: https://topwar.ru/192438-rozhdenie-sovetskoj-pro-kak-byl-sozdan-i-pochemu-provalilsja-kompjuter-jelbrus.html (https://topwar.ru/192438-rozhdenie-sovetskoj-pro-kak-byl-sozdan-i-pochemu-provalilsja-kompjuter-jelbrus.html) ( : 01.07.2025).




23


 .        . .  URL: https://rgantd.ru/news/pamyatnye-daty/iz-istorii-mezhdunarodnogo-sotrudnichestva-v-sfere-osvoeniya-kosmosa/ (https://rgantd.ru/news/pamyatnye-daty/iz-istorii-mezhdunarodnogo-sotrudnichestva-v-sfere-osvoeniya-kosmosa/) ( : 01.07.2025).




24


 :        . .  URL: https://zvezdaweekly.ru/news/201511210749-x1dq.htm (https://zvezdaweekly.ru/news/201511210749-x1dq.htm) ( : 31.05.2025).




25


: https://atlas-report.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/1440px-Menwith-hill-radomes-1024x768.jpg




26


Johanns, K. Tech Time Warp: Harvest computer decodes secrets for the NSA. Tech Time Warp. 26.02.2021.  URL: https://smartermsp.com/tech-time-warp-harvest-computer-decodes-secrets-for-the-nsa/ (https://smartermsp.com/tech-time-warp-harvest-computer-decodes-secrets-for-the-nsa/) ( : 17.06.2025).




27


Hutcherson Norman. Command and Control Warfare. Putting Another Tool in the War-Fighter's Data Base. Research Report No. AU-ARI-94-1. Air University Press. Maxwell Air Force Base. Alabama 36112-6610. 1994  URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA286005.pdf




28


    -   :      1960-70- .  URL: http://intcom-mgimo.ru/2017/2017-02/soviet-psychology (http://intcom-mgimo.ru/2017/2017-02/soviet-psychology) ( : 31.05.2025)




29


     (), .  Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom).  URL: http://diplomaticdictionary.com/dictionary/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB-coordinating-committee-for-multilateral-export-controls-cocom/ (http://diplomaticdictionary.com/dictionary/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB-coordinating-committee-for-multilateral-export-controls-cocom/) ( : 17.06.2025).




30


 . :            . : , 1995. - . 42.


