  ,     
 -


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       ,     ,  ,    ,           .

     ,     .              .

  , -   , HR-,          .





 -

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/ / / / / / /

 

,

 

  

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2026

 005.334:005.591.6:004(075.8)

 65.291.2173

64

-,  . 64   ,      : [ ] :   / . . -.   ()  .   :  -̻, 2026.  106 .

:  . .    ,    ;  . .    ,   (19.00.07), ,                 .

ISBN 978-5-00255-602-1

DOI 10.38006/00255-602-1.2026.1.106

 - . ., 2026

 -, 2026





            :       ,  ,    , ,       .       (   /     /  )     ;   T0T6      TTNU; -    ,          ;    ,     ,      ;   ,   ,    ;    .

    .            ,   ,    .      : ,    , WIP, ,  ,    .            ,   ,    .      -  (ISO 45003,  EU-OSHA, HSE Management Standards,   ),         .   ,        -,  ,       ,     .

    :    ,    ,  ,         .     ,        .         :  ,       ,      -  .

    - .     ,    ;        ,    ,       .           .

      ,     (,   ,  ,    ),      -, HR-    .        ,        ,  ,     .

 :  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   , TTNU.



 

BPMN  Business Process Model and Notation,   -.

DPIA  Data Protection Impact Assessment,     .

EU-OSHA  European Agency for Safety and Health at Work,         .

FTE  Full-Time Equivalent,       .

HSE  Health and Safety Executive,     .

ICO  Information Commissioner's Office,    .

ILO /   International Labour Organization,   .

IPMA  International Project Management Association,    .

ISO  International Organization for Standardization,    .

JD-R  Job Demands-Resources,     .

KPI  Key Performance Indicator,   .

OKR  Objectives and Key Results,    .

PMI  Project Management Institute,   .

SLA  Service Level Agreement,    .

STATIK  Systems Thinking Approach to Introducing Kanban,     Kanban.

TTNU  time-to-norm-update,   ,       (  ,     ).

WHS  Work Health and Safety,      ().

WIP  Work in Progress,  .

    .








    ,     .            .         ,      .   ,     ,      ,     .        :      ,    ,    ,          .

   ,     ,           .      :          ,    :  , HR-,   ,  .

  ,       .          :  ,          .          ,     .           .          ,   .

    ,         .     ,      Kanban, Six Sigma, HSE, PMI        ,          .       ,         ,      ,     .




   


      ,     .

      ,   : ,  ,      ,   ,                 ,     .

      ,     .  ,         ,   ,  ,               ,    ,    .     ,   ,      .

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     :        , ,   ;         ;       ;    ,    ,     ;  , , ,    ;   , ,  , WIP, ,   ;  -     ;    ,   ,     ;    ;         ;   ,       .

          ,    ,  ,  ,    , - ,  ,   ,     .







        :  CRM,   ,    ,   .           ,       ,    .       ,         ,   KPI ,      .     .

           .    1990- Brynjolfsson (1993)   :             .    ,      ,      .         :       ,                .

  ,    ,  .     ,         840      ,  1,37%  ;      ,        ,     ,       (ILO, 2026).   ,         ,      ,    ,        .

,          ,     .     21.07.2020  474          .   ,      03.04.2021  542      18.11.2020  600,   ,        :   ,  ,   ,   .                        - ,        ,    .       :     ,        ,    ,             (Barry, Assoul, Souissi, 2022).                   .

       ,    .  ,    4.0   5.0 (2021),                .            ,        (20202024).           (20252030),       ,            .   ,           ,  ,     ,     ,    ,     .           : ,         ,     ( )   (    ) (, 2026).

     .  ,            20  2024       07.05.2024  309,    :   ,      ,   ,  ,  ,  ,    ,     .     2030           (97%  87%  2023 ),    ,            (80%),      (80  )  450     ,    .  , ,   ,   ,           .   ,            :   ,     ,    ,    ,        .    ,    :     ,   ,       .         ,  ,       ,     .

  ,        :             20222023       (Model WHS Regulations),           ,        (Safe Work Australia, 2022).    ,        ,      ,    ,          ,   . , ,   ,     -:     , ,   ,   ,  .   ,        ,      .                 .

        ,     .    -    :      ,   .             HR-   FTE    ,       .     .          ,  :        ,         ,    ,     ,       ?         ,       .

     , ,   ,   :     ,     .      ,   :    ,   ,     ,     ,       ,    .        ?   ,         .          ,     ,       .   :  ,      .

         (BPMN,  -   Hammer  Champy (1993),  ),        ( ,  ),       .          :     ,     ,     .   ,         ,      .

      .

    ,         (   ):    (   ,   ),     (    )    (   ,         ).   ,   ,  ,     ,        :    ,    ,                    (, 2002).          ,     .           ,        .

  T0T6   TTNU (time-to-norm-update)  ,      (T0)  ,         ,   ,  ,    -    .        ,    .

-     ,   ,  ,         .     :     ,     ,   .   ,     ,       .

     ,      .        :       ,               ,           .      :   ,    ,        WIP,       WIP   ,        ,   .         : , KPI   ,    ,        -,   ,       ,     .

        :    ,    ,    ,     ,        .              ,          .    .1        .

      ,     (,   ,  ,    ),      -, HR-,   .           .                .   ,        ,     .








. .1.   :        ,        




  



       :            .   ,      ;    ,     ,           .

 .      ,     (, , )     ,   .       (Durkheim, 1895/1982; Parsons, 1951; Berger, Luckmann, 1966)       ,       (Scott, 2013).             :   ,    ,    ,        .     (Weber, 1978),   (       ; Giddens, 1984)    ,     Archer (1995, 2003)    ,      ,      ,   .      - ,           .

-  :       ,      .     -      .         ,     .   ,          ,   .     ,        ,    .         ,    .         ,   ,      .         ,       ,          .

-             ,      .      .             :                    ,         .

 .1. -    



 

 

 - 



    , decoupling (Meyer, Rowan, 1977)

      ,      

     ;   -     ,         



Work-as-Imagined / Work-as-Done (Hollnagel, 2015)

  ,      ,  ,     

      ;   -              



  (Star, Strauss, 1999)

,   ,      

      ,    : ,            



  , workaround (Alter, 2014)

      ,     

Workaround     ; -    ,       



         :          Meyer  Rowan,      Star  Strauss, Work-as-Imagined / Work-as-Done   resilience engineering, workaround     .             :  . .         (, 2008), . .   . .        (, , ., 2014)  . .           (, 2012); -        ,        .  -    ,        ,        :      ,   ,   ,    ,             ,    .        ,         .

   .   (     )    ( ,     : , , , )       . Trist  Bamforth (1951),      , ,        ,     . Cherns (1976)       :      ,    ,       .         ,      :    ,    ,        .

 .    ,             (Kellogg, Valentine, Christin, 2020)             ,         (Latour, 2005; Orlikowski, 2007).        : ,         ,      ,       ,      ,      .          :         ,    .      ,   ,  , ,    ,     ,    :    ,     . ,          ,            .

  T0T6  TTNU.      ,          ,        :   Abbott (1997/2001),  Barley (1986)          , Meyer, Rowan (1977)  DiMaggio, Powell (1983)     , Greenwood, Suddaby, Hinings (2002)  ,    , Hirschman (1970)        ,  Matthias (2004)      .       ,     ,    : T0      , T6  ,           ,       .         TTNU       :                ,   T0T6      ,     ,         ,      ,      ,      ,    .

       .          JD-R,  Demerouti et al. (2001)    (Bakker, Demerouti, 2017):    ,       .          :       ,     ,    ,   ,  ,      .       :    ,       ,          (, , 1981; , 1984). ,             ,       .    ,           .       Simon (1955;      ):       ,   ,      .  HSE Management Standards (Cousins et al., 2004)          -:         , , , ,   ,      ,     ,    ,        .

      ,       Simon. Coase (1937) ,    ,        : ,       ,   . Williamson (1981),       ,     :           ,     ,      .

     ,     ,      .        ,    (DiMaggio, Powell, 1983; Meyer, Rowan, 1977):     ,      .             ,  ,       ,   ,     .     :   ,  ,   - ,     ,    .

  (  JD-R)    (  )  ,    .                      . ,      ,      :           ,    ,         ,   ,      ,        .

                 : Theory E,    ,  Theory O,     (Beer, Nohria, 2000).        Theory E  , ,  ,           .       Theory O:     ,   ,      .

 , WIP  .   , WIP  ,        ,     :       Little,   ,      (1961),      ,  WIP       ,       (Ohno, 1988; Womack, Jones, 1996).   (Goldratt, Cox, 1984)      :               ,             WIP      .           :    -       ,     .           :  259  ,               (,    Little   WIP),   (,    ,  ,    )    (,        ) (Blagoev, Hernes, Kunisch, Schultz, 2024).      ,  -              :     ,       .

    .           Zuboff (2019),    Couldry, Mejias (2019),     Srnicek (2017).       Vallas, Schor (2020)  Wood, Graham, Lehdonvirta, Hjorth (2019).        :         ,      ,   ,        .     ,      .          :          ,     ,    ,      (ICO, 2023)  ,         ,    - .

 .   ,       ,       ,    Amsterdam Court of Appeal  Uber,  human review    purely symbolic act (ECLI:NL:GHAMS:2023:793).     Pasquale (2015)    .

,    ,       :         ,       ;                 ,        .




  


    .  -       ,       .                  .

      :   ,     ,     ,  ,  ,   ,  ,       .  ,   ,            .                          (, 2003).

     :  ,       ,           .           .          :     -   ,     ,      .

Design science research       ,     (Hevner, March, Park, Ram, 2004; Peffers, Tuunanen, Rothenberger, Chatterjee, 2007):     ,  ,  ,   .      .         ,   ,      .           .     .         ,   ,   ,      ,     .

    .          ,     .         ,       ,    .          ,        .

   ,    :            ,      -      (Yin, 2009; Eisenhardt, 1989).   : ,     ,      ,        .




 1.     











 

       



 

        ?



 

;  ;  ;  



   

     ;  , ,    



 

     



 

 1  2




1.1.  


   -      Jira, Trello  24,      ,   .    :     ,    ,    , , , , .   .        ,   ,    .

     .   .    .       ,       . -         . -   .     , ,      . ,        ,    ,          WIP,  ,        .      .        .

 ,   ,  ,  ,     .   .         .        .             ,    .  ,          .

    .    ,      :    ,   ,   ,   ,  ,       .                 ,  ,    :     ,    ,  ,  ,  ,  ,           .




1.2.  


       ,        ,   ,       .

       ,       :     ,    ,       .       .      ,    ,   ,    ,     .        ?        ?,         .

      ,    .          ,  ,   ,   ,    ,       : ,     ,    .         ;       ,    ,      .    ,    ,     ,   -,     ,   .        ,        ,    .          ,  ,    ,        (. 1.1).








. 1.1.       -

  -    T0:        .  T0  T6     ,       .

T1   : ,         -      ,    ,      .

T2   : ,   ,        -,    ,  , ,     .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/elena-litash-sorokin-34063084/analiz-operatsionnykh-protsessov-tsifrovoi-nagruzki-i-74439819/)  .

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