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 2013      ( ,  ,     )    PLoS ONE        .       :         ,       .    ,      ,   ,     .    :               .

 

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   ,  ,        , ,     ,    :    ,    ,  ,    .

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    ,          ,       ,  ,   .

 2005          Psychological Science    ,     .         .   ,          ,     .  ,       ,             ,     .

    :     ,     ,    ,     .                ,   ,       .     ,       .


 

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Esdaile, J. (1846). Mesmerism in India, and its practical application in surgery and medicine. Ostell & Lepage.

Gauld, A. (1992). A history of hypnotism. Cambridge University Press.

Hilgard, E. R. (1977). Divided consciousness: Multiple controls in human thought and action. Wiley.

Hilgard, E. R., Morgan, A. H., Lange, A. F., Lenox, J. R., MacDonald, H., Marshall, G. D., & Sachs, L. B. (1974). Heart rate changes in pain and hypnosis. Psychophysiology, 11(6), 692702.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01138.x (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01138.x)

Hilgard, E. R., Morgan, A. H., & Macdonald, H. (1975). Pain and dissociation in the cold pressor test: A study of hypnotic analgesia with "hidden reports" through automatic key pressing and automatic talking. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84(3), 280289.https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076654 (https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076654)

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Wheatley, T., & Haidt, J. (2005). Hypnotic disgust makes moral judgments more severe. Psychological Science, 16(10), 780784.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01614.x (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01614.x)




 2. ,     1784 




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--  ,    (17511825),    ,    1782 ,    .  1784     ,  ,      ;        ,  .           ,    ,      ,       .    ,   ,       .   ,    ,       (Puysgur, 1784/2023; Kravis, 1994).

          :   ,      ,    ,        .      ,       .    ,        ,           ,          ,     .

          ,      ,         ,  ,   ,     .           1840- ,      .    ,   ,              .


 

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Kihlstrom, J. F. (2002). Mesmer, the Franklin Commission, and hypnosis: A counterfactual essay. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 50(4), 407419.https://doi.org/10.1080/00207140208410114 (https://doi.org/10.1080/00207140208410114)

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Puysgur, A. M. J. de Chastenet, Marquis de. (2023). The Marquis de Puysgur, artificial somnambulism, and the discovery of the unconscious mind: Memoirs to serve the history and establishment of animal magnetism (A. Crabtree & S. Osei-Bonsu, Trans.). Routledge. (Original work published 1784)




 3.    




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 1837          :    ,    ,     The Lancet             ,     .           :     ,       .

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       .  1843     The Zoist,      ,       .   The Zoist ,  ,              ,  ,   .     ,        ,    ,   ,     ,     (Winter, 1998).    ,    ,           ,            ,       .

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  1840-  ,         ,     :    ,    ,            1784 .   ,    ,    ,        ,                   ,        .            ,            ,      ,       .


 

Braid, J. (1843). Neurypnology; or, the rationale of nervous sleep, considered in relation with animal magnetism. John Churchill.

Gauld, A. (1992). A history of hypnotism. Cambridge University Press.

Winter, A. (1998). Mesmerized: Powers of mind in Victorian Britain. University of Chicago Press.




 4.   




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        ,       ,       .         :    ,     ,     (Piechowski-Jozwiak & Bogousslavsky, 2014).

  XX      ,             ,     .


 

Bernheim, H. (1886). De la suggestion et de ses applications ? la thrapeutique. Octave Doin.

Charcot, J.-M. (1882). Physiologie pathologique. Sur les divers tats nerveux dtermins par l'hypnotisation chez les hystriques. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Sances de l'Acadmie des Sciences, 94, 403405.

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5. ,   




 (dsagrgation)    ,       ;   .

    ,    .

        ,     (,   .).

   

     ,   .     ,          ,       .  1889       ,         ,     .

     ,        dsagrgation psychologique,  .   ,      :  ,                 ,  ,     .        ,      ,      ,      ,           (van der Hart & Horst, 1989).

   :           ,                 ,     .                     .

     

 1885             .   ,         .    ,          ,  18801882 ,  ,    .,             ;               .

       ,    ,         . (1889).      :   ,   ,      ,     .  1893       ,   1895      (Breuer & Freud, 1895/1955).    1896  - ,       .

                 (      ,   ),  , ,   :   ,    ,  ,     .      .



          ,            .       :         1784 ,      ,      .           XX              ,       .

 : 

   1930-     .  , -,     ,            1929           ,    .

 1933       :       ,    ,        .  ,     ,        : ,   ,       ,   ,          ,          .                ,  ,           .


 

Breuer, J., & Freud, S. (1955). Studies on hysteria (J. Strachey, Trans.). In The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 2). Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1895)

Hull, C. L. (1933). Hypnosis and suggestibility: An experimental approach. Appleton-Century.

Janet, P. (1889). L'automatisme psychologique: Essai de psychologie exprimentale sur les formes infrieures de l'activit humaine. Flix Alcan.

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  II   :   





 6.    




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        :        ,         ,         ,  ,      ,   .            :         ,    ,    ,    (Piccione, Hilgard & Zimbardo, 1989).         ,  ,   ,              .

 

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     ,    XX ,    ,            .   ,               : , , ,         ,             ,       . ,   ,          -   :        ,   ,    ,                   .        ,     ;      ,        .  ,          :           ,       .

         ,     1970-.             ,          ,        .             ,    .  ,   ,    , ,  ,      ,   ,          ,     ,    .     ,     ,          ,        ,       - ,    (Hilgard, Morgan & Macdonald, 1975).            ,   :     ,          ,  ,  .

       ,    :  ,     ,     ;  ,     ,        ;        ,       ,      ,     .         :        (1977),     1986 ,      ,       .

      ,        ,  ,       ,       ,      ,       .         ,        ,        ,                 , ,     .


 

Hilgard, E. R. (1977). Divided consciousness: Multiple controls in human thought and action. John Wiley & Sons.

Hilgard, E. R., Morgan, A. H., & Macdonald, H. (1975). Pain and dissociation in the cold pressor test: A study of hypnotic analgesia with "hidden reports" through automatic key pressing and automatic talking. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84(3), 280289.

Hull, C. L. (1933). Hypnosis and suggestibility: An experimental approach. D. Appleton-Century.

Piccione, C., Hilgard, E. R., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1989). On the degree of stability of measured hypnotizability over a 25-year period. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 289295.

Weitzenhoffer, A. M., & Hilgard, E. R. (1959). Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Forms A and B. Consulting Psychologists Press.

Weitzenhoffer, A. M., & Hilgard, E. R. (1962). Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C. Consulting Psychologists Press.




 7.  :   




     ,    ;    .

              .

            .

  

          :                 . ,      ,    , .       .       : -    ,    ,     ,          ,  ,    :     ,     ,   ,     ,     . ,    ,   :        ,  ,           .

 :  ,   

        ,      (1974).         ,  ,                  .      :  ,          .             ,       ,   .

   ,      ,      90%  ;        .   ,    ,         ,            ,       .  ,  ,   ,     ;  ,     ,     ,       .     ,             ,    ,    .

 :   

         ,          (Hilgard, Morgan, & Macdonald, 1975).        ,       ,     ,  :    ,   ,    , ,      ,   .     ,        ,     ,          .      ,        ,       .

   

 ,    ,      ,     .               ,       : ,  ,             ;  ,         ,            .                       .

 

        .      (1980) ,         ,  -    ,     ,     ,       ,  ,     . ,   ,      ,   ,     ,     . - ,      (1983)   ,            :       ,        ,      .

  1980-       :             .


 

Hilgard, E. R., Morgan, A. H., & Macdonald, H. (1975). Pain and dissociation in the cold pressor test: A study of hypnotic analgesia with "hidden reports" through automatic key pressing and automatic talking. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84(3), 280289.https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076654 (https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076654)

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Laurence, J.-R., Perry, C., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1983). "Hidden observer" phenomena in hypnosis: An experimental creation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 163169.

Spanos, N. P., & Hewitt, E. C. (1980). The hidden observer in hypnotic analgesia: Discovery or experimental creation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6), 12011214.




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        ;  ,    .

       :     ,  ,       .

   

   (1974)      :              .   .                 ,    ,     .       ,        , -       .          ,    ,     ,        ,       .

 .  ,         ,         ,       .   ;     .

    

               ,       .      (1964)        ,       ,   ,    .      ,     ,          .        ,   -   ,    ,      .

    :                    .     ,       .

    

       ,  ,      (1993).                         ,  ,  .      ,    ,    .          ,    -  .

         ,   :    ,     .                    ,    .          :      ,           ,    .      .

    

        . ,        ,     ,         :             ,     .                , ,  ,       ,      ,    .           ,    ,    ,     :   ,    ,   ,   .


 

Halliday, A. M., & Mason, A. A. (1964). The effect of hypnotic anaesthesia on cortical responses. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 27(4), 300312.https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.27.4.300 (https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.27.4.300)

Hilgard, E. R., Morgan, A. H., Lange, A. F., Lenox, J. R., MacDonald, H., Marshall, G. D., & Sachs, L. B. (1974). Heart rate changes in pain and hypnosis. Psychophysiology, 11(6), 692702.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01138.x (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01138.x)

Meier, W., Klucken, M., Soyka, D., & Bromm, B. (1993). Hypnotic hypo- and hyperalgesia: Divergent effects on pain ratings and pain-related cerebral potentials. Pain, 53(2), 175181.https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(93)90078-4 (https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(93)90078-4)






 9.  : 




           ,      .

,         ,  ,    .

     

            -  1963              .          :    ,    , ,        ,       (Tart, 1972a).

         ,  ,      :      ,  ,               .  1969           ,       , , ,       (Tart, 1969). ,    ,    :  ,      , , ,                 ,            .

   

 1972    Science           ,    (Tart, 1972b).   :         ,   ,        ,            ,   ,   , , ,  ,   ,  ,  .    ,  ,          ,          ,           ,   -    :      .

       .        ,             ,      -,  ,    ,    ,     ,          ,   ,  ,    ,   .

           .  ,    ,    :          ,           .          ,     ,     ,       : ,     .

    

      ,     ,   .

  ,    .     ,           ,    .  ,         ,       .     ,         : ,          ,   ,             ,     ,   .

           .    ,  ,   ,    ,    ,            ,      ,   ,    .

   ,  ,  , , ? ,   .  1970-                  ,                     .                  :  ,             ,         ,         ,    ,       (Hines, 2003).         ,            : ,         ,            ,    .

  1970-                    .               ,      ,               ,   .


 

Hines, T. (2003). Pseudoscience and the paranormal (2nd ed.). Prometheus Books.

Tart, C. T. (Ed.). (1969). Altered states of consciousness: A book of readings. Wiley.

Tart, C. T. (1972a). Measuring the depth of an altered state of consciousness, with particular reference to self-report scales of hypnotic depth. In E. Fromm & R. E. Shor (Eds.), Hypnosis: Research developments and perspectives (pp. 445477). Aldine-Atherton.

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 III. - :   





 10.   :   




    :      ,   .

   ,        ,   .

-      ,      (  ).

    

 1950 ,       ,       ,            Psychological Review      . I.   (Sarbin, 1950).        ,      ,       ,  ,           .

             ,       .        ,   .             :      ,   ,    ,  ,       ,                ,      ,       ,  ,      .

 1966            (Coe & Sarbin, 1966),   1972           : -    (Sarbin & Coe, 1972).    ,      - ,   : ,        ,       ,           ,   .

:   

   -     ,        . ,          ,   1960-             :          , ,             ,          ?

    ,     ,   -  (task-motivating instructions).         ,     ,      .        ,    :   ,     ,      .             :       ,        ,             .

 1963  (Barber & Calverley, 1963)   ,    . ,    -     ,   ,   ,    ,   ,     ,      ,      .  ,                ;     ,   .

                  ,       ,      ,    1969         :   (Barber, 1969),         .       ,        :        ,        ,   ,         .

  1960-   -     ,  ,   ,    .       ,    : ,       ,    ,   ,     -   .


 

Barber, T. X. (1969). Hypnosis: A scientific approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Barber, T. X., & Calverley, D. S. (1963). The relative effectiveness of task motivating instructions and trance induction procedure in the production of "hypnotic-like" behaviors. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 137(1), 107116.

Coe, W. C., & Sarbin, T. R. (1966). An experimental demonstration of hypnosis as role enactment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 71(6), 400406.https://doi.org/10.1037/h0023948 (https://doi.org/10.1037/h0023948)

Sarbin, T. R. (1950). Contributions to role-taking theory: I. Hypnotic behavior. Psychological Review, 57(5), 255270.https://doi.org/10.1037/h0062218 (https://doi.org/10.1037/h0062218)

Sarbin, T. R., & Coe, W. C. (1972). Hypnosis: A social psychological analysis of influence communication. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.




 11. : ,    




                .

     :     ,     .

     :        ,     .

         ,    .

   

 1959   ,         XX ,  ,     (Orne, 1959).    :   ,       ,   ,       ,    ,      .      : ,     ,      ,   ,     ,     ,   -          .

      ,   .  ,         ,     ,   ,   ,  ,      ,        ,     ,  .    ,             :        ,   ,    ,         ,   ,        .        ,    ,    ,    ,           ,    .

:   ,  

 ,      ,     ,      .       ,       ,            (Spanos, de Groot, Tiller, Weekes, & Bertrand, 1985).   ,         -  ,     ,  - ,         .    ,          ,      ,   .   , ,         ,          ,        ,   .

  1985       ,    : ,   ,   ,    ,         .    ,     :       ,  ,             ,       ,         ,        ,  .  ,     ,     ,      ,       ,       ,   ,           .

   

           ,    :    ,       ,    .           ,     1985 ,               ,     (Spanos & Hewitt, 1980).




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