   
 


     ()         .  , ,      ,                 ,  .        ,    ,    .    -    , , ,   .





 

   





1. . .       

2.    . .  "  ,   "

3.     . 

  



        ,    XIX- XX .     , , .       : 1) ; 2) ; 3) - (-).




1. . .       


   (1883-1946),      XX ,   1908. ,    .     .  . .   1919.   "    ",    . ( - .      ;  -    ).

 20-          ,        ("   ", 1923.).          "  " (1925.),           .

 .      ,  (      XX ).     - , , ,   . -    ,     ,    .

    ,  , (1912-1979)     ,   .  " "         .

       ("  ,   ", 1936; .  1948  1978)     ,  "  ".   ,   ,      ""   " " .

       . . , .  : "   !" ( .    . - .:  , 1994. - .628).         : "        ...   ...   ,        . ,   " ..."    ,       ,      .        ,   , ,   :  , , , , ,        " 1", " 2"  ..,         ,   ,    " ( , .607-608).

 " "    -  -   .          .    . , "  - ...  ...     ... ,      ,  ,           .  ,   ".

       ,       " ",    (    ,     )   .     , ,    (    )   ,       ,     .   ,              ,    .     ( 30- )    ,   :  ,   ,   .  ,               (       , .,    ).

       .     .          .

 ,         ,     . ,   .  ( ), "...     ;  ,      ,     ".




2.    . .  "  ,   "


       30-    ,          .

      ?       . -,          . -,        .      :     " "  .

    .     ,          .          HE   (  , ,  ),   ,    .  ,  ,  ,     ,    ,       . ( - ,             ().        ).   ( ,    ) (     )       ,   , , ,    .

 ,    ,     ""    .

            .

       :

Y =  + S (   =   + ):  Y (yield : ) - ,  (consumption) - , S (saving) - .   S/Y -   ", C/Y -"  ".    ,   = Y - S; S = Y - ,   ,   (I - investment)   (I = S),  Y =  + I,   I = Y -   ..

    -  = AC/AY; (Marginal propensty to consume);     - MPS = AS/AY;  + MPS = 1. (Marginal propensty to save).

    :

" =   =  + .  =  - .

  = ".

  "  "  "  "        ,           . "  , -  , -        a priori,      ,       ,   ,   ,  ,      ,      ,    ".   ,   ,      (..  ,    ).

  ,  ,   :   .    ,            ,     .            .

         ,     .          .        .      ,   " "  (,   )     .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/sergey-kaledin-32415981/keinsianstvo-i-ego-evoliutsiia-74481133/)  .

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