    
 -


 
      :   ,  , , ,     .          ,      ,     .    :   ,      ,     ,     ,             ,    .  ,        ,     ,      ,       .

            .     ,      ,      ,   ,   ,            .





 -

    



   (  436  29.12.2010.)








:  

 :  , . . 

:  

:  

 :  

-:  

  :  

:  ,  ̸

:  



  :  , XIII, 

: Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford



 Kathleen Walker-Meikle, 2012

    , , . Π -, 2026


* * *







  .           () .  ,  ,   ,  ,   ,          .  ,   ,     ,  ,          ,      ,   ,       .

,      ,  ,   ,        () ,        ,    .







        ,      ,           










     .    ,  , , , ,   , ,    ;    ,              .        ,      ,     .

           .    ,     ,        (    ,     ),          ,    . ʠ       ,       . ʠ ,       ,     ,      ,       .

             .           ,        .                    ,    ,    .









1

 



  ?

   ,      .     ,       .     .  ,   ,   .

        pet,      .    ( ,     )   ,   ,  (canis)   (muriceps).    pet ( )    XVI.,         .           1539.: for the keeping of certane Pettis (   )      ,   ,    [1 - L.Spitzer, On the Etymology of Pet, Language 26:4 (1950), pp.5338.  ,  ,    peata ( ).      : J. B. Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, VII (1900), p.274.].

  ,     (    ),      ,   , ,    ,      .        :    , 15001800 (Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England, 15001800)    ,    ,      ;       [2 - K. Thomas, Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England, 15001800 (Oxford, 1996), pp.11215; L. Bodson, L Animal de compagnie: ses r?les et leurs motivations au regard de lhistoire (Li?ge, 1997); A. Manning and J. Serpell, eds., Animals in Human Society: Changing Perceptions (London, 1994); E. A. Moore and L. M. Snyder, Dogs and People in Social, Working, Economic or Symbolic Interaction (Oxford, 2006); J. E. Salisbury, The Beast Within: Animals in the Middle Ages (London, 1994).].

       .           .     ,         ,    .

    ,    ,  ,       ,                ,    ,       :      ,      [3 - P. Edwards, Horse and Man in Early Modern England (London, 2007).].        ,    .        ,   ,     ,    ,  ,      ,      .  ,       ,      ,        ,     .

      ,   ,          . Ƞ ,  -,    : catulus  caniculus  , chienet  , h?ndchen  , whelp  small hound  , cagnolo  cagnolino    perillo  blanchet  [4 - L. Moessner, Dog  Mans Best Friend: A Study in Historical Lexicology, English Historical Linguistics 1992 = Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 113 (1992), pp.20818. L. Davidson, The Use of Blanchete in Juan Ruizs Fable of the Ass and the Lap-Dog, Romance Philology 33 (1979), pp.15460    blanchete           .].

   ,     ,       :   ,     ,       -  (    ). , ,       ,          , Eirenarcha (1581):    , , ,     (      )   :            [5 - William Lambard, Eirenarcha or The Offices of the Justices of the Peace (London, 1588), p.278. Cf. E. Fudge, Perceiving Animals: Humans and Beasts in early modern English Culture (Urbana, IL, 2000), pp.1324.     ,   :       ,  -  ,  ,        ,    .].

               ,     :

		 ,   ,
		 [chenet petit] .
		     렗
		   .
		    ,
		   렗
		,  ,
		  .

,      ,           . , ,     ,     :  ,   ,   .  ,     .   ,     , :     [6 - Marie de France, Fables, ed. and trans. H. Spiegel (Toronto, 1987), pp.6871.   De lasne ki volt j?er a sun seignur.].

   ,   ,    ,   .    (10801152)      (Quaestiones naturales) ,      ,     ,  ,   ,        ,    [7 - Adelard of Bath, Conversations with his Nephew: On the Same and the Different, Questions on Natural Science, and on Birds, ed. and trans. C. Burnett (Cambridge, 1998), pp.11017.].    ,     ,       (12251274).  ,    ,    [8 - Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra gentiles (Madrid, 1967), pp.66571: book II, ch. 82 Quod animae brutorum animalium non sunt immortales. . R. Sorabji, Animal Minds and Human Morals: The Origins of the Western Debate (Ithaca, NY, 1993) and P. G. Sobol, The Shadow of Reason: Explanations of Intelligent Animal Behaviour in the Thirteenth Century, The Medieval World of Nature, ed. J. Salisbury (New York, 1993), pp.10922.].   , ,          .         ,   ,        ,     .


   ?

      ,       ,  ,    ,             .                         ,     [9 - J. A. Serpell, In the Company of Animals (Oxford, 1986), part II, ch. 4 (Pets in Tribal Societies), esp. p.53,       ,     ,    ,            ,            .].

 ,        ,    ,           (,   ).  ,    ,     ,     ,       ,               .

        ,   ,    .         (  ,   ).       ,     ,   ,       : ,   .           ,      ,   .     ,         . ,    ,         .        ,         ,    .           ,     .       :           .

 ,    ,     ,      .       ,              . ,  , ,     . Ƞ  ,  ,  ,    ,      ,        .           ,     ,      ,     [10 -  15    (1215)   ,      . N. P. Tanner, ed., Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils (London, 1990) vol. 1, p.243.].     ,       : ,  ,      (   ),      .

        ,         ,   ,   ,       .      ,   ,         ,     .

     ,  ,   ,     .            ,        [11 - S. Salih, Versions of Virginity in Late Medieval England (Cambridge, 2001), esp. pp.2 and 17; M. Rubin, The Person in the Form: Medieval Challenges to Bodily Order, in Framing Medieval Bodies, ed. S. Kay and M. Rubin (Manchester, 1994), pp.10022.].

    -     .   Cr?th Gablach (VII.) ,       ,     .     ,     ,           . -      messn,    mess, .  ,         : , , ,    (briugu)[12 - .: F. Kelly, Early Irish Farming: A Study Based Mainly on the Law-Texts of the 7th and 8th Centuries AD (Dublin, 1997), esp. pp.1202, and F. McCormick, The Domesticated Cat in Early Christian and Medieval Ireland, Keimelia: Studies in Medieval Archaeology and History in Memory of Tom Delaney, ed. P. F. Wallace (Galway, 1988), pp.21828.].  ,    ,      ,   ,        .

     .           .    X  (12211284)       [13 -  ,      XIIIXIV.    .  ,    .]   :  ,    [14 - Alfonso X, Cantigas de Santa Maria, ed W. Mettmann (Coimbra, 195972), vol. 3, pp.2578 (no. 354).     : Este pesar foi por hua bestiola que muit amava elRei.].      ,   .  [15 -  𻠖       .]  XIV.,        .            .      ; ,      ,         [16 - London, British Library, Ms. Cotton Cleopatra D.VIII, fol. 115r.     XV.  .: H. L. Ward, Catalogue of Romances in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum (London, 1883), pp.200 and 249.       ,    ..,      Vitae Patrum.    , vol. 3, p.641, no.25.].             ,   .     XIII. Chirugia          ;    XV.       [17 - Cambridge, Trinity College, Ms. 0.1.20 [I, 53], fol. 265r, Chirugia (,   ),      XIII. . : T. Hunt, The Medieval Surgery (Woodbridge, 1992), pp.767.    (265r)             , ,   .       .        , British Library, Add. Ms. 11872, fol. 89 [c. 1400, Italian]. Cf. Ward, Catalogue of Romances, vol. 3, p.694, n.30.].

 XV.          ,       .        ,  ,   . Ƞ     ,       ,     ,         ,      .

 ,            .         ,    ,       ,    ,         [18 - Thomas, Man and the Natural World, pp.10910; B. Boehrer, Shylock and the Rise of the Household Pet: Thinking Social Exclusion in the Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare Quarterly 50:2 (1999), pp.15270; and C. Gmez-Centurin, Chamber Animals at the Spanish Court during the Eighteenth Century, The Court Historian 16:1 (2011), pp.4365.].


 

        ,        .     ;      , ,    , ,   [19 -    : J. Clutton-Brock, Domesticated Animals from Early Times (London, 1981), pp.3445 (), 10612 () and 1459 (  ). . : R. Delort, Les Animaux ont une histoire (Paris, 1993).].


[20 -   ,    : S. Menache, Dogs: Gods Worst Enemies?, Society and Animals, 5:1 (1997), pp.2344, and S. Menache, Dogs and Human Beings: A Story of Friendship, Society and Animals 6:1 (1998), pp.6786.]

   -    ,        .     ,   ,     ( ) ,      .      ,  ,       . Ӡ    (. 150215.)         ,    ,    ,    [21 - Clement of Alexandria, Paidogogos, book 3, ch. 4.             (Epigrams, I.109). Π-   .: J. M. C. Toynbee, Animals in Roman Life and Art (Baltimore, 1996), pp.10822; F. D. Lazenby, Greek and Roman Household Pets, The Classical Journal 44:5 (1949), pp.299307; and T. P. OConnor, Pets and pests in medieval and Roman Britain, Mammal Review 22 (1992), pp.10713.].  ,           ,  ,           ,       .             [22 -  ,   ,      ,       ,          .      ,   ,         ,            ,  ,              .         .           . :    -   Domesticated Animals from Early Times (.41)  :     ,       ,             .         ,       .         .],   ,       ,     ,   ,     . ʠ       ,     . ,      XV.   [23 -    ,     1500.   .],       ,    .       (? mon seul dsir)          ,      .       (Le Go?t)           ,     [24 - .: A. Erlande-Bran denburg, La Dame ? la licorne (Paris, 1978).].       XV. (      )               (.12).

  ,    ,    ,   ,    ,   [25 - .: J. Cummins, The Hound and the Hawk: The Art of Medieval Hunting (London, 2001), p.47.].   ,       ,      .       ,       .       , , ,   .       ,   ,   .         XVI.    ,        .        :         ,      ,   ;       ,       [26 - London, British Library, Add. Ms. 12531, fols. 4r  5r  . 1530.       :   5r     ,            .   10r      ,       ,  ,  ,        5r.         ,     .  4  : T. Kren and S. McKendrick, Illuminating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe (London, 2003), p.461,        .].

   ,  ,             ,  .          De canibus Britannicis (1570)     ,   ,  ,        ,    [27 - John Caius, Of Englishe Dogges: The Diversities, the Names, the Natures, and the Properties, trans. A. Fleming (1578).     .].             .     ,   ,  , , , , ,   ,     ;       , ,      .

    ,    ,    ,    :      , ,   ,   ,   (  ).     ,    ,   ,      :



  , ,   ,             ,   ,      ,    ,              ( ,    ).


             ,     ,   .     ,    ,     , ,    ,        ,        ;       .    ,   -    Canis delicatus      ,       .






        (      . , 1332.)[28 -     . The Hague, Museum Meermanno, MS 10 B 21, fol.89v.]



       ,    ,   ,  ( ),  , , -,       ,      ,  (,    ),  (  ),   (    )  -.       ,    :  (  ),  (   )   ( ,   ).      컠               ,         .            , ,  [29 - Shakespeare, Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act 4, scenes 2 and 4. . : B. Boehrer, Shakespeare among the Animals (Basingstoke, 2002).]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=74492256)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes


Notes





1


L.Spitzer, On the Etymology of Pet, Language 26:4 (1950), pp.5338.  ,  ,    peata ( ).      : J. B. Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, VII (1900), p.274.




2


K. Thomas, Man and the Natural World: Changing Attitudes in England, 15001800 (Oxford, 1996), pp.11215; L. Bodson, L Animal de compagnie: ses r?les et leurs motivations au regard de lhistoire (Li?ge, 1997); A. Manning and J. Serpell, eds., Animals in Human Society: Changing Perceptions (London, 1994); E. A. Moore and L. M. Snyder, Dogs and People in Social, Working, Economic or Symbolic Interaction (Oxford, 2006); J. E. Salisbury, The Beast Within: Animals in the Middle Ages (London, 1994).




3


P. Edwards, Horse and Man in Early Modern England (London, 2007).




4


L. Moessner, Dog  Mans Best Friend: A Study in Historical Lexicology, English Historical Linguistics 1992 = Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 113 (1992), pp.20818. L. Davidson, The Use of Blanchete in Juan Ruizs Fable of the Ass and the Lap-Dog, Romance Philology 33 (1979), pp.15460    blanchete           .




5


William Lambard, Eirenarcha or The Offices of the Justices of the Peace (London, 1588), p.278. Cf. E. Fudge, Perceiving Animals: Humans and Beasts in early modern English Culture (Urbana, IL, 2000), pp.1324.     ,   :       ,  -  ,  ,        ,    .




6


Marie de France, Fables, ed. and trans. H. Spiegel (Toronto, 1987), pp.6871.   De lasne ki volt j?er a sun seignur.




7


Adelard of Bath, Conversations with his Nephew: On the Same and the Different, Questions on Natural Science, and on Birds, ed. and trans. C. Burnett (Cambridge, 1998), pp.11017.




8


Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra gentiles (Madrid, 1967), pp.66571: book II, ch. 82 Quod animae brutorum animalium non sunt immortales. . R. Sorabji, Animal Minds and Human Morals: The Origins of the Western Debate (Ithaca, NY, 1993) and P. G. Sobol, The Shadow of Reason: Explanations of Intelligent Animal Behaviour in the Thirteenth Century, The Medieval World of Nature, ed. J. Salisbury (New York, 1993), pp.10922.




9


J. A. Serpell, In the Company of Animals (Oxford, 1986), part II, ch. 4 (Pets in Tribal Societies), esp. p.53,       ,     ,    ,            ,            .




10


 15    (1215)   ,      . N. P. Tanner, ed., Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils (London, 1990) vol. 1, p.243.




11


S. Salih, Versions of Virginity in Late Medieval England (Cambridge, 2001), esp. pp.2 and 17; M. Rubin, The Person in the Form: Medieval Challenges to Bodily Order, in Framing Medieval Bodies, ed. S. Kay and M. Rubin (Manchester, 1994), pp.10022.




12


.: F. Kelly, Early Irish Farming: A Study Based Mainly on the Law-Texts of the 7th and 8th Centuries AD (Dublin, 1997), esp. pp.1202, and F. McCormick, The Domesticated Cat in Early Christian and Medieval Ireland, Keimelia: Studies in Medieval Archaeology and History in Memory of Tom Delaney, ed. P. F. Wallace (Galway, 1988), pp.21828.




13


 ,      XIIIXIV.    .  ,    .




14


Alfonso X, Cantigas de Santa Maria, ed W. Mettmann (Coimbra, 195972), vol. 3, pp.2578 (no. 354).     : Este pesar foi por hua bestiola que muit amava elRei.




15


 𻠖       .




16


London, British Library, Ms. Cotton Cleopatra D.VIII, fol. 115r.     XV.  .: H. L. Ward, Catalogue of Romances in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum (London, 1883), pp.200 and 249.       ,    ..,      Vitae Patrum.    , vol. 3, p.641, no.25.




17


Cambridge, Trinity College, Ms. 0.1.20 [I, 53], fol. 265r, Chirugia (,   ),      XIII. . : T. Hunt, The Medieval Surgery (Woodbridge, 1992), pp.767.    (265r)             , ,   .       .        , British Library, Add. Ms. 11872, fol. 89 [c. 1400, Italian]. Cf. Ward, Catalogue of Romances, vol. 3, p.694, n.30.




18


Thomas, Man and the Natural World, pp.10910; B. Boehrer, Shylock and the Rise of the Household Pet: Thinking Social Exclusion in the Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare Quarterly 50:2 (1999), pp.15270; and C. Gmez-Centurin, Chamber Animals at the Spanish Court during the Eighteenth Century, The Court Historian 16:1 (2011), pp.4365.




19


   : J. Clutton-Brock, Domesticated Animals from Early Times (London, 1981), pp.3445 (), 10612 () and 1459 (  ). . : R. Delort, Les Animaux ont une histoire (Paris, 1993).




20


  ,    : S. Menache, Dogs: Gods Worst Enemies?, Society and Animals, 5:1 (1997), pp.2344, and S. Menache, Dogs and Human Beings: A Story of Friendship, Society and Animals 6:1 (1998), pp.6786.




21


Clement of Alexandria, Paidogogos, book 3, ch. 4.             (Epigrams, I.109). Π-   .: J. M. C. Toynbee, Animals in Roman Life and Art (Baltimore, 1996), pp.10822; F. D. Lazenby, Greek and Roman Household Pets, The Classical Journal 44:5 (1949), pp.299307; and T. P. OConnor, Pets and pests in medieval and Roman Britain, Mammal Review 22 (1992), pp.10713.




22


 ,   ,      ,       ,          .      ,   ,         ,            ,  ,              .         .           .

 :    -   Domesticated Animals from Early Times (.41)  :     ,       ,             .

         ,       .         .




23


   ,     1500.   .




24


.: A. Erlande-Bran denburg, La Dame ? la licorne (Paris, 1978).




25


.: J. Cummins, The Hound and the Hawk: The Art of Medieval Hunting (London, 2001), p.47.




26


London, British Library, Add. Ms. 12531, fols. 4r  5r  . 1530.       :   5r     ,            .   10r      ,       ,  ,  ,        5r.         ,     .  4  : T. Kren and S. McKendrick, Illuminating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe (London, 2003), p.461,        .




27


John Caius, Of Englishe Dogges: The Diversities, the Names, the Natures, and the Properties, trans. A. Fleming (1578).     .




28


    . The Hague, Museum Meermanno, MS 10 B 21, fol.89v.




29


Shakespeare, Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act 4, scenes 2 and 4. . : B. Boehrer, Shakespeare among the Animals (Basingstoke, 2002).


