 . ,  
 


    ,    .     ,     ,   .      .   .     ,    .           ,   .  I think  Best regards.  ,  .





 

,  



 



  , 2026



ISBN 978-5-0071-2968-8

     Ridero




 





    


 -   ?    ,  ,     ,             -     . , ,  [1 -   .       ,  .].

   ,      .

  Ok, got it,       .

  ,         ,     .

     .   ,    ,    .

       .   ,         . I would appreciate it if you could kindly revert at your earliest convenience     .   ,       .

        .    ,   .   ,      ,   ,   ,   .

         .      .    .      :    .  ,   ,   ,           .

  .    ,  ,    .




   


     .    -   ,    .             ,         .              ,   .

     .  .  ,     ,  ,      .

     ,    .

     .    :     .      .         ,      .

    .  ,   -  90%   ,              .    ,  -     ,   .

    .  ,     ,     .    ,    .  ,  ,      .

    .    ,  ,    .    ,    .    ,   .    ,    ,   .

   .    ,   .   ,          ,     .

      . ,    .   ChatGPT   ,    .   Zoom- ,        .        .

     .                : , , , , .      .




    


   ,     ,   .  ,  ,   ,     .  ,       ,   .

   , , , , , ,    .     .   ,           .     .

           .    ,  . ,   ,     ,  .  ,   .




   


          .      ,    .   .

        .   .      .  ,       .   .     ,    .

 .     ,   .   ,   .         .   .    .




 


        ,   .      I think,    I am convinced.       responsible for,    I run.

   .   .   .     ,    ,   ,   .

         .          ,    .

    .

.




 1. :     





 1.1.   

    





  ,    


   Zoom:       ?

 : I think I can finish it by Friday, but Im not sure if the data from the finance team will be ready, so maybe we need to delay it a little bit, I guess?

        .  ,    ,        .     , -    (I think, maybe, I guess, perhaps)   ,   .

  :    I think: I believe, I suppose, I reckon.  .       ,   ,  .

    .           ,  ,     .   .        .     .




 .    


    .    .   ߻ .    ,       .

:   +   +    (Present Simple).

  :

 1. IT- ( ):

 I think we can deploy the update by Monday  The update is scheduled for Monday deployment.

 2.  ():

 I believe the numbers are correct  The numbers have been verified against the source data.

 3.  ( ):

 I think we need to include this clause  This clause is required for compliance with GDPR.

 4.  ( ):

 I guess the campaign performed well  The campaign delivered a 15% conversion increase.

 5.  ():

 I think the shipment will arrive on time  The shipment is confirmed for delivery by Thursday EOD.

  :       .     .       ?     ?.   .

   :    ,      ,      . The budget has been frozen       ,  I think the budget is frozen.       .      .




 .    


  .    ,      ,   .     I think        .

:   (Evidently, Clearly, Obviously),     (Must, Cannot),   (I am convinced, I hold that).

  :

 1. IT- ( ):

 I think the bug is in the authentication module  Clearly, the authentication module is the root cause of the bug.

 2.  ():

 I suppose well see growth next quarter  Evidently, the market trends indicate a growth trajectory for Q3.

 3.  ():

 I think this contract is risky  I am convinced this contract exposes us to significant liability.

 4.  ():

 I believe we should target Gen Z  I am convinced that Gen Z is our primary audience based on engagement metrics.

 5.  ():

 I think we can reduce costs by changing suppliers  Clearly, switching suppliers is the only viable cost-reduction strategy.

  :  ,      .      .     : Think    , Convinced    .    I am convinced,    ,   .

   :  ,    ,    .    .           .           .




 .      


  .      ,    .  ,       .     .   ,  .

   : I think we should redesign the homepage    .  : It strikes me that the bounce rate correlates with the old homepage layout.

:   (It strikes me, It appears, It seems),     (Would, Could, Might),  .

  :

 1. IT- ( ):

 I think we should migrate to the cloud  It seems that our on-premise infrastructure is reaching its capacity limits. Might I suggest exploring cloud options?

 2.  ( ):

 I think we should invest in bonds  It strikes me that bonds are offering better risk-adjusted returns than equities at this moment.

 3.  ():

 I think we need to change this wording  It appears that the current wording could be interpreted in multiple ways. It would be prudent to clarify it.

 4.  ( ):

 I think we should use TikTok  It strikes me that our competitors are gaining traction on TikTok. Perhaps we could test it with a small budget?

 5.  ():

 I think we should change the delivery route  It seems that the current route is causing delays. Would it make sense to reroute through the eastern corridor?

  :     ,   ,   ,   .    ,     .             ,      .




 .     


  .      : I guess, I think, I suppose, perhaps, maybe, sort of, kind of.

       :      ,           .    .

   (  ):

 1. IT- (   ):

I guess I just dont get why this module is taking so long. Perhaps you could walk me through the bottlenecks?

 2.  ( ):

Maybe Im missing something, but I dont quite see the logic behind your valuation. Could you explain your assumptions?

 3.  (  ):

I suppose you have a different interpretation of this clause. I wonder if youd share your reasoning?

 4.  ():

Im not entirely sure why this campaign underperformed. Perhaps you have a perspective on what went wrong?

 5.  ():

I guess I dont fully understand why were using this carrier. Maybe theres a reason Im not aware of?

  :     ,      .           .    .    .     .




      ( )


,       ,      ,    . ,       ()        .         .

  ()  :The shipment hasnt cleared customs yet. The data shows a 48-hour backlog at the port.   ,  ,  .      .

  ()  :It seems the weather in Rotterdam is causing the backlog. However, it also appears that alternative ports are available, though they might add to the cost.    ,  .    ,     ,    .      .

  ()     :I am convinced we need to pre-emptively inform the client about a possible 24-hour shift. Furthermore, I am convinced that the additional freight cost is justified to avoid a larger penalty from the client.      ,    ,   .    ,   ,     .




  


        .   ,   I think  I believe.

          .

     -       (It appears / It seems).   I think the API is down   It appears the API is unresponsive. Could you check the logs?   ,   .

           (I am convinced).   I think we need to diversify the portfolio   I am convinced that portfolio diversification is essential based on the current volatility indices.    ,    .

           (    ).   I think we should amend this clause   This clause requires amendment to ensure compliance.        .

           (It strikes me).   I think we should shift to influencer marketing   It strikes me that influencer marketing is gaining traction in our segment. Might I suggest a pilot campaign?   ,   .

           ( ).   I think we need to reorganize the warehouse   The warehouse layout is being reorganized to optimize picking routes.   ,    .

            .    I think I made a mistake.  The invoice was processed incorrectly.       ,    .      ,    .




 .   


         ,     99% .

     I am feeling that this is wrong (Present Continuous)  I feel this is wrong (Present Simple).        ,  .        ,   ,   .

    ,  Past Continuous.     . I was thinking we might delay the meeting       ,   ,   .    .

           Present Perfect. I have thought about it, and we proceed ,   ,  ,  .




 


      ,      . The decision has been made   ,    .

     ,    Clearly    Must. Clearly, this is the bottleneck     .

       ,   It strikes me  It would seem. It would seem we have an option here     ,    .

      ,   ,  I guess  I wonder. I wonder if you have a better plan?    ,   ,     .

        ,  Present Perfect    I am convinced. I am convinced we have covered everything      .




  ,    


    ,    .   ,     ,    .      ,    .      ,    .     ,     .     ,    .

       ,     .

  ():The server requires an update. / The budget requires revision. , ,   .

  ():I am convinced that a server update is critical. / I am convinced the budget needs revision.      .

  ():It appears that the server is underperforming. Perhaps an update would resolve the issue? / It seems the budget could be optimized. Might I suggest a review?    ,  .

  ():I guess I dont fully understand why we havent updated the server yet. Perhaps theres a reason Im missing? / Maybe Im missing something, but I dont quite see why the budget hasnt been revised.     ,    .

 ,           ,  -.        .        ?

 I think     .  ,    ,  .    ,   .

    ,   .       .   .




 1.2.     

 PRESENT CONTINUOUS   ,  PRESENT PERFECT  





  ,    


  : I am working on the report. I am trying to finish it by Friday. I am thinking about the best way to present the data.

     .    ,    .    .     .

 ,   : I have the report under control. I will deliver it by Friday. I have considered several presentation options and will recommend the best one.

 .    ,  ,  .     .     .

  : Present Continuous     , Present Perfect        .  .    ,    :           .

      .     ,     ,    .




 Present.  







Present Simple     


 : .    ,   .

 :  ,  ,  ,  .

 :   .        .

   :

  ():

The system generates 10,000 transactions per day.  .  is generating ( ),  generates ( ).    ,   ,    ,     .

   ():

The meeting takes place every Monday at 10 AM.  .  is taking place (  ),  takes place ().  ,   ,     .

 ():

Our standard terms require 30-day payment.  .   ,  .     .

   ():

We process all orders within 48 hours of receipt.  .   ,   ,     - .

   ():

Anna handles the technical side; I handle the client relations.  .    ,   .




Present Continuous     


 : .    ,    ,    ,   .

 :      ,   ,        .     .

 :   , ,  .

    :

     :

I am working on the budget.    .   ,   .     .

I have the budget. (Present Simple   )   ,      . .

I am thinking about the proposal.   .    .

I have considered the proposal. (Present Perfect     )        .

 Present Continuous -  ( ):

 1.          :

I am in a meeting right now. I will get back to you in an hour.    .

 2.    :

We are currently running a pilot program in three regions.   ,   ,    .

 3.    :

The situation is changing rapidly, so we need to stay flexible.    ,    .

  (   Present Continuous   ):

  I am believing that this is the right approach  believe    Continuous,   .     : I am thinking we should change the supplier   . I think we should change the supplier (Present Simple)   .

  I am having the report  have       Continuous.  I have the report.

  We are needing more resources     ,   . We need more resources (Present Simple)    ,   .




Present Perfect     


 :  .  ,   ,  ,      .

 :   ,     .  ,      .    .

 :    ,   ,    .

   :

  ():

I have reviewed the quarterly numbers and have identified three areas for improvement.     .   am reviewing ( ),     .

   ():

We have discussed this issue multiple times. Now we need to act.   ,   .   . .

 ( ):

We have agreed on the price. Now we need to finalize the delivery terms.    .   .

   ( ):

We have processed your order, and it has been shipped.    .   are processing (   ),   .

   ():

We have achieved our Q3 targets ahead of schedule.      .  ,   .

 : Present Perfect   

     ,  Present Perfect,  ,      .

I have managed projects of this scale before.   .

I have worked with similar clients.     .

I have seen this approach fail in other companies.      .




Present Perfect Continuous    


 : .  ,     ,        .

 :        .     ,  Present Perfect,   .

 :    ,     .

:

We have been working on this project for six months.   ,     .   .

I have been negotiating with the supplier for three weeks.   ,    ,      .

The team has been running tests on the new system since Monday.   ,      ,    .

:  .      Present Perfect Continuous,     ,    ,  ,      . :

I have been trying to fix this bug for two days.    .  ,      .      ,  Present Perfect: I have fixed the bug.




 Past.  







Past Simple    


 : .   ,    .     ,     .

 :           ,         .

 :   ,  .

:

We launched the product in March.  .  .

The client approved the budget last week.  .

I sent the proposal yesterday.  .

 : Past Simple   

   Past Simple       .     .

I wanted to ask if you have a moment to discuss the project.   ,  I want to ask

I thought we might consider an alternative approach.    ,    .

I wondered if you could review the document.   ,  I wonder if you could

   :  ,          .          .




Past Continuous    


 : .    ,     ,   .

 :    ,     .     .

 :   ,   .

:

I was working on the report when the client called.    .    ,    .

The team was trying to meet the deadline, but we faced unexpected issues.   ,   .    .

    :         .

When the CEO called, we were already implementing the new process.   ,      CEO.   .




Past Perfect     


 : .  ,       ,   .

 :  ,       .   .

 :        - .

:

We had already signed the contract before the new regulations were introduced.   ,     ,   .    .

I had reviewed the proposal before the meeting, so I was prepared for the questions.    .

The client had approved the budget, so we proceeded with the next phase.    .

 : Past Perfect  

    Past Perfect  ,   .

By the time we identified the issue, the system had already processed 5,000 transactions.     .

The team had completed the pilot before the competitor launched their product.      .




 Future.  

Will     


 : .    .     .

 :   , , , .

 :   .   ,     .

:

I will handle the client call.     . . .

We will deliver the project by Friday.  . .

I will find a solution.  .    I am going to try    will.

:   will  ,   .   .




Going to     


 : .  ,     ,     .

 :   .  .

 :   ,    .

:

We are going to launch the new product in Q4.  .   ,   .

I am going to present the findings at the next meeting.   .

  Will  Going to   :

I will call the client.     .  ,  .

I am going to call the client.     .  ,   .

  Going to   :

   ,     ,    .

I am going to review the numbers and then get back to you with a recommendation.      .




Present Continuous for Future   


 : .    ,   .       .

 :  , , .

 :    ,    ,    ,    .

:

We are meeting with the client on Thursday.    .  will meet ( ),  are meeting ( ).

I am presenting the report at 3 PM.    .  .

  Will, Going to  Present Continuous  :

I will call the client tomorrow.    .

I am going to call the client tomorrow.    .

I am calling the client tomorrow at 10 AM.     .        .




Future Perfect    


 :  .  ,         .     .

 :  ,       .

 :    ,    .

:

We will have completed the rollout by the end of Q2.     .

I will have reviewed all proposals by Friday.       ,   .

By the time the client arrives, we will have prepared everything.     .




     


      email,  ,    .

 email ( ):

I am working on the report. I am thinking about the best way to present the data. I am trying to finish by Friday. I am hoping the client will approve it. I am going to send it to you when I am done.

   :

   Present Continuous     ,      .

        .

        .

 email ( ):

I have reviewed the quarterly data and have identified three key trends. I have prepared a presentation that highlights these trends and will share it with you by Thursday EOD. I will present the findings to the client on Friday, as we agreed. By the end of next week, we will have a clear roadmap for Q4.

  :

 I have reviewed (Present Perfect)     .

 I have prepared (Present Perfect)   .

 will share (Will)  .

 we agreed (Past Simple)   .

 will have (Future Perfect)     .

   ,   ,  ,     .




  


      .       .

 :     Present Continuous (I am working, I am thinking, I am trying, I am hoping)?        .    Present Perfect  Present Simple ,   .

 :      ,   Present Perfect (I have reviewed, I have considered, I have prepared)?       ,     .  .

 :        will?      .   .

 :     ,   Present Continuous   (We are meeting, we are presenting)?       .  .

        .   .  .




  ,    


   ,      .    email      (, )      ,     .

:   .

  (   Continuous):

I am working on the project report. I am analyzing the data. I am trying to finish by Friday. I am hoping it will meet your expectations.

  (  Past Simple  Future):

I started working on the project report. I analyzed the data yesterday. I will finish by Friday. I hope it will meet your expectations.

  (  Present Perfect  Will):

I have started working on the project report. I have analyzed the data and have identified the key findings. I will finish by Friday and will present it to you on Monday.

  (   Present Perfect, Will, Future Perfect):

I have completed the data analysis for the project report and have identified the key findings. I will finish the full report by Friday and will present it to you on Monday. By the end of next week, we will have a final version ready for the client.

 ,        email.        ?     ,  .    ,   .      .    ,      ,    .

 ,   .     ?

       .       .

      .    ,   ,   ,     .      .  ,   .




 1.3.       ?

    ,    





  ,    


    : The shipment was delayed due to unforeseen circumstances. The documents were misplaced during the transfer. The issue is being investigated.

    .   ,   .  ,        .   .     ,     .

 ,     : We delayed the shipment because we misrouted the documents. We are investigating the issue and will resolve it today.

 . ,  .      .     .

  :   ,      .  .    .               .

         ,       ,     .    ,     -       .




       


  (The report was prepared by the team  The team prepared the report)   .

 :   ,    .   ,  .  .    ,  , .

 :  .     ,   .    ,   .

 :  ,  .     , ,  .

   ,        , ,     .  .           .




 .      


 1.1.    ,     

 .    ,   ,        ,      .

 (IT,  ):

: Sergey accidentally deleted the production database. (      )

: The production database was accidentally deleted.

:    ,      .  ,   ,    .

 1.2.   ,     

        ,  ,     .

 (,  ):

: The accounting team reconciled the accounts. (  ,  ?)

: The accounts have been reconciled.

:    .    ,   .

 1.3.     

    ,    ,      ,  .

 (,  ):

: We sign all contracts in duplicate. (   ,   )

: All contracts are signed in duplicate.

:     ,      .

 1.4.   ,  

     . ,   ,  .

 (,  ):

: We terminate your contract because you didnt pay. ( ,  )

: Your contract is terminated due to non-payment.

:    ,     .       .

 1.5.    ,      

    ,   ,   .

 (,  ):

: Our team increased brand awareness by 25%. (,    )

: Brand awareness was increased by 25% over the last quarter.

:    ,    .   .




 .      


 2.1.   

      .   ,      .    .

 ,   ():

The shipment was delayed due to a miscommunication. The incorrect address was entered into the system. The issue is being resolved.

  ? .  ? .  ? .   ? Being resolved      .

  ,   ( ):

We delayed your shipment because we entered the wrong address. We are resolving the issue right now and will deliver it by tomorrow. We apologize for the error.

  ? .   .  ,  .    .  .   ,    .

 :    ,    .    .

 2.2.     

   - ,     .       .     .

 ,   (IT):

The bug will be fixed by Friday.

  ?   ,   .  ,   .  ,  .   .

  ,  :

We will fix the bug by Friday.

  ?      .   we   .   .

 2.3.       

   ,  ,     .     ,     ,    .

 ,   ():

The budget for Q4 has been reduced by 10%.

  ? - - - .  ?  ,  .  ,   .

  ,  :

We have reduced the Q4 budget by 10%.

  ?   .  .  .   ,      .

 2.4.      

     ,      .   ,        .

 ,   ():

The campaign was successfully executed, and the targets were met.

  ?    ?  ,    .

  ,  :

We successfully executed the campaign and met all targets.

  ?  .       .  ,   .

 2.5.       

  ,      .    ,   ,   .   .

 ,   ():

The deadlines were missed, and the quality standards were not met.

  ? - - -  .  ?  ,   ,   ,  .   ,     .

  ,  :

We missed the deadlines and did not meet the quality standards. Lets discuss what went wrong and how to fix it.

  ?    .   ,    .     .  ,    .




 ,   .  


 .   

  :  ,   ?

     .    .

:

 The contract was signed. (  ,  .    .)

 We signed the contract. (,   ,   - .)

 .   

  :     ?

     ( ).         ( ).          ( ).

:

  : We increased revenue by 20%. (   )

  ,  : We made a mistake. (  )

  ,   : The shipment was delayed by the carrier. (    )

 .   

  :      ?

    .    .

:

 : Payment is required within 30 days.

 : We require payment within 30 days.




  







 .    


We regret to inform you that the delivery of your order #4567 has been delayed. The shipment was damaged during transit. The issue is being investigated by our logistics team. You will be notified once the investigation is completed.

:

 has been delayed  .  ? .

 was damaged  .  ? .

 is being investigated  .  ? By our logistics team  ,    .

 will be notified  .  ? .

:  ,   .   ,  ,  ,   .  .




 .  


We have delayed your order #4567 because the shipment was damaged during transit. We are investigating the issue right now and will update you within 24 hours. We apologize for the inconvenience.

  :

 We have delayed  .  ,     (    ,   ,   ).

 We are investigating  .   ,   -    .

 will update  .   .

 We apologize  .   .

:    ,    .     .




 .    


The project deadlines have been missed. The quality of the deliverables has been questioned by the client. The performance issues are being reviewed.

:

 have been missed  .  ? .      .

 has been questioned  .  ? By the client  ,    .     ,     .

 are being reviewed  .  ? .   ? .

:    .  ,  -  ,   ,  .    .




 .  


We missed the project deadlines, and the client questioned the quality of our deliverables. I am reviewing our performance issues right now and will share an action plan with you by tomorrow. We need to fix this together.

  :

 We missed  .     .        .

 the client questioned  .   ()  .  ,   .

 I am reviewing  .      .     -.

 will share  .   .

 We need to fix this together  .    .

:  ,   .   ,    .     .




 .   (    )


       ,      ,    .

:    IT-.    ,     ,        .

  ( ):

The deployment was delayed due to technical issues. The issues have been identified, and a solution is being developed. The new timeline will be communicated by the end of the week.

 :   .   ,  ,   ,    .  .

  (   ):

We have delayed the deployment due to technical issues that we identified during the final testing. The issues have been resolved, and we are now developing a solution. We will communicate the new timeline by the end of the week.

:

 We have delayed  .  ,     ().

 we identified  .    ().

 The issues have been resolved  .    .  ,   .

 we are now developing  .      ().

 We will communicate  .   .

:  ,    ,         .     .




  


     ,     ,     .      .

       .

 :     ?

     .      .

        .  .

        .    .

 :  ,   ,   ,   ?

   .     .

 :      ?

   .    .

        .   .




  ,    


    ,       .

 :       .

      :

  (  )     ,   .

  ( ,  )    ,     .

     ,      .

 :       .

  :

  ()  , .

  ()   .

   .       .

 :    ,      (,   ).

  :

  ()  We delayed     .    .

  ()  The shipment was delayed by the supplier    ,    ,    .

,       .




 


    , :

    ,         .

     ,    .

   ,  .

         .

       (    : by the supplier).

    , :

    ( ).

    ( ).

      (  ).

      ( ).

   (   ).

 :   ,   ,  .  80%    .     .   ,   ,   .




  


          .

  1.1        .

  1.2        .

  1.3           ,       .

     ,       ,   ,   .      .       .   ,     .

         -, ,     -.      .   ,    .  ,   .

     -.   ,   .




 2.  :   





 2.1.  -

    





  ,    


        .     : Okay, I will do this project.

 .  .     ,  .  , , ,   :     ?  ?   :   ,  !

  ,    to do   -  .    .     ,  ,  .    I will do,      .   ,   .

  :   : perform, execute, accomplish, achieve.  ,        .      I will accomplish this task    ,    .

     .       -,   90%    .   -.   .             .

  : Get, Have, Make, Run, Drive, Hold, Set.

     .    .     .




 . GET   


Get          .    : , , , , , , .          .

 :  .  get  achieve, obtain, secure.

 I will achieve the target (, )  I will get us to the target by Q3.  ?              .  ,  .

 : .  get  understand, comprehend.

 I understand your concern (, )  I get your concern.   , , -.         .

 :  .  get  obtain, acquire, find.

 We need to obtain more data ()  We need to get more data from the sales team. , ,    .

   GET   :

1.   ( ):

Can you get the latest sales figures from the regional offices?   Can you obtain the latest sales figures?

2.    ( ):

I need you to get this report to the client by 5 PM.   I need you to deliver this report by 5 PM.

3.    ( ):

If we can get them to agree on the payment terms, well sign the contract today.   If we can persuade them to agree

4.    ( ):

Our goal is to get the new product to market within six months.   Our goal is to launch the new product within six months.

5.    ():

I get your frustration with the delay, and were doing everything we can to resolve it.   I understand your frustration

6.    ():

Lets get everyone on board with the new strategy before the end of the week.   Lets ensure everyone supports the new strategy

7.   ():

The system will get you the processed data within seconds.   The system will provide you with the processed data

8.   ():

We expect to get a 12% ROI on this investment.   We expect to achieve a 12% ROI

9.    ():

You really get what this project is about. Thats exactly the mindset we need.   You really understand what this project is about

10.    ():

Ill get it done by the deadline, no matter what.   Ill complete it by the deadline

   GET:        .    I got it (  )    Ill get it (  ). Get   -, -.  ,    .




 . HAVE    


Have         .    .    I have the report,        .       ,    ,   .

 :   .

 I am responsible for the budget (, )  I have the budget. , .    ,    .

 : .  have   to: have to.

    I have to finish this (     ).   I have a deadline to meet (   ).      .         .

 :  .  have   have + someone + do something.

 I will ask the assistant to call the client  Ill have the assistant call the client.  .     .      . Have        .   ,      .

   HAVE   :

1.   (   ):

I have the Q3 budget under control. No deviations expected.   I am responsible for the Q3 budget

2.    ():

Ill have the legal team review the contract by tomorrow morning.   Ill ask the legal team to review the contract

3.  ( ):

We have the leverage here. They need us more than we need them.   We possess the leverage

4.    ():

We have your proposal and will get back to you within 48 hours.   We received your proposal

5.    ( ):

Anna has the technical side, and I have the client relationship.   Anna is responsible for the technical side

6.   ():

The system has the capability to process up to 10,000 transactions per second.   The system can process up to

7.   (  ):

We have sufficient cash reserves to cover the unexpected expenses.   We possess sufficient cash reserves

8.    ( ):

You have everything you need to succeed in this role. Now its about execution.   You possess everything

9.    ():

We have a deadline to meet, so we need the materials by Friday.   We need the materials by Friday because of our deadline

10.   ():

You have my personal guarantee that we will resolve this issue.   I guarantee that we will resolve this issue

   HAVE:    have   ,    .     have to     .    ,    .




 . MAKE    


Make   -.  ,    -  ,     .   make     .

 :  .

 We need to create a new strategy ()  We need to make a new strategy. , -,  . Make   ,  create   .      ,   .

 :  .  make   cause, force.

 This will cause delays ()  This will make us miss the deadline.      .        ,      .

  ( ): MAKE   .

 make + object + adjective    .

 We need to improve our efficiency ()  We need to make our processes more efficient.       .    ,    .

   MAKE   :

1.   ( ):

We need to make the onboarding process more streamlined to reduce time-to-productivity.   We need to improve the onboarding process

2.    ( ):

Lets make a decision on the vendor by the end of this week.   Lets decide on the vendor

3.  (  ):

We can make concessions on the delivery timeline, but we need to hold firm on the price.   We can compromise on the delivery timeline

4.    ( ):

The system error made us lose two days of processing time. We apologize for the delay.   The system error caused us to lose two days

5.    ():

Were not just making a product. Were making a difference for our customers.   Were not just creating a product

6.   ():

Make sure the configuration file is updated before deployment.   Ensure the configuration file is updated

7.   ():

We made a 15% profit margin on the last project.   We achieved a 15% profit margin

8.    ():

You made a good point in the meeting, but lets make the presentation more visual for the client.   You raised a good point

9.    ( ):

We need you to make sure every batch meets our quality standards.   We need you to ensure every batch

10.   ( ):

We can make this partnership work if we align our expectations from the start.   We can ensure this partnership works

   MAKE:       ,      . The decision was made by me   . I made the decision   . Make   .




 . RUN   


Run   -.  ,    - ,   : , , , .    I run the marketing department,     .    I manage the marketing department,    .

 :  .

Run  manage, operate, control, direct, oversee.

: I manage the logistics    . I run the logistics       .

 :  .

Run   conduct, carry out.

We ran a successful campaign  ,  We conducted a campaign.    .    .

 :  .

    , run    . The system runs smoothly     . The system operates      .

   RUN   :

1.   (  ):

I run the regional operations, and I can confirm that all branches are performing within expectations.   I manage the regional operations

2.    ( ):

Whos going to run the meeting tomorrow? I need to know who to brief.   Whos going to chair the meeting

3.  ( ):

Weve run similar projects in the past, so we know what to expect.   Weve managed similar projects

4.    ( ):

Well run a full analysis of your current infrastructure and provide recommendations.   Well conduct a full analysis

5.    ( ):

Were going to run a pilot program for three months before rolling it out company-wide.   Were going to implement a pilot program

6.   ():

The application runs on a cloud-based infrastructure with automatic scaling.   The application operates on

7.   ( ):

We need to run more efficient operations to maintain our margins.   We need to implement more efficient operations

8.    ( ):

Youve run this project from the start. You know it better than anyone.   Youve managed this project

9.    ():

Well run a few tests on the samples you sent before placing the bulk order.   Well conduct a few tests

10.   ( ):

Were running a tight schedule on this one, so well need your team to be responsive.   We have a tight schedule

   RUN:  ,   ,       ,         . Run    ,    .




 . DRIVE    


Drive   -.  ,       ,    . Drive    ,  ,   .

 :  .

 We need to start a new initiative ()  We need to drive a new initiative.         .

 :  .

Drive   push toward a goal.

We need to drive revenue growth    . We need to increase revenue         .

 :  .

   drive        . The delay was driven by supply chain issues     .   ,   .

   DRIVE   :

1.   ( ):

We need to drive innovation across all departments to stay ahead of competitors.   We need to promote innovation

2.    ( ):

You need to drive the team harder on this project. Were falling behind.   You need to push the team harder

3.  ( ):

Were looking to drive a partnership that benefits both sides in the long run.   Were looking to create a partnership

4.    ( ):

The increase in sales was driven by your recent marketing campaign.   The increase in sales was caused by

5.    ( ):

Our objective is to drive user engagement by 20% over the next quarter.   Our objective is to increase user engagement

6.   ( ):

The systems performance is driven by the underlying database architecture.   The systems performance depends on

7.   ( ):

The revenue growth was primarily driven by the new product line.   The revenue growth was mainly due to

8.    ( ):

Youre driving the project in the right direction. Keep pushing.   Youre leading the project

9.    ():

We need to drive down costs without compromising on quality.   We need to reduce costs

10.   (  ):

Our joint efforts will drive value for both our organizations.   Our joint efforts will create value

   DRIVE:  ,   ,     . Drive    ,  ,  .      ,        guide  steer.




 . HOLD     


Hold   -.  ,    ,       .

 :  .

 We will have a meeting ()  We will hold a meeting.  , .       .

 :  .

Hold   maintain, keep.

We need to hold our market position    . We need to keep our market position    .

 :  .

 hold off  , hold on  , hold back  .

Lets hold off on the decision until we have more data   ,    .        .

   HOLD   :

1.   ( ):

We will hold a quarterly review meeting on the 15th to discuss our progress.   We will have a quarterly review meeting

2.    ( ):

We need to hold our ground on this issue. Theyre trying to push us into an unfavorable position.   We need to maintain our position

3.  ( ):

Lets hold off on the final agreement until weve reviewed all the documents.   Lets delay the final agreement

4.    (  ):

We will hold the shipment until the payment is confirmed.   We will keep the shipment

5.    ( ):

Hold on a moment. I want to clarify that point before we move on.   Wait a moment

6.   ( ):

The system can hold up to 50,000 concurrent users without performance degradation.   The system can support up to

7.   ():

We hold sufficient reserves to cover any unexpected expenses in the next quarter.   We have sufficient reserves

8.    ():

You held your composure well during the client meeting, even when they pushed back.   You maintained your composure

9.    ( ):

Can you hold the current pricing for the next three months if we place a larger order?   Can you maintain the current pricing

10.   ():

Well hold the budget for this project until the scope is fully defined.   Well reserve the budget

   HOLD:  ,   ,    ,      . Hold     .    ,   .




 . SET     


Set   -.  ,    , ,   . Set     .

 :  .

 We need to define our goals ()  We need to set our goals.    .      .

 :  .

Set   establish, create.

We set the industry standard    . We created the standard    .

 :  .

 set up  , .

We need to set up a new system  ,  We need to implement a new system.    .     .

   SET   :

1.   ( ):

We need to set clear priorities for the next quarter to avoid resource conflicts.   We need to define clear priorities

2.    ( ):

Lets set some ground rules for the collaboration to avoid misunderstandings.   Lets establish some ground rules

3.  ():

We need to set boundaries on what were willing to compromise on.   We need to establish boundaries

4.    ():

We want to set realistic expectations about the delivery timeline from the start.   We want to establish realistic expectations

5.    ( ):

Were setting a new quality standard with this product. Theres no room for compromise.   Were creating a new quality standard

6.   ():

Set the timeout value to 30 seconds to prevent long-running processes.   Configure the timeout value

7.   ():

We need to set a realistic budget for the project before we start the procurement process.   We need to determine a realistic budget

8.    ( ):

I want to set a development goal for you: lead the next major project independently.   I want to establish a development goal

9.    ():

We need you to set up a quality assurance process that meets our requirements.   We need you to implement a quality assurance process

10.   ( ):

Were happy to set up a meeting to discuss the terms of our partnership in detail.   Were happy to arrange a meeting

   SET:  ,   ,    ,      . Set    ,   .




       ( )


,        .  ,    :

I will do the market research. We need to create a marketing plan. I am responsible for the budget. We will have a meeting next week.

, ,  .    .

   ,    -:

Ill run the market research and drive the marketing strategy. I have the budget, so Ill make sure we stay on track. Lets hold a meeting next week to set our priorities.

      .       , ,  ,  .       ,         .




  


        ,   . ,     ,   .  ,   do, make, have    .

   ,       .

  :  I will prepare the deployment  Ill set up the deployment pipeline.  I will fix the bug  Ill get to the bottom of this issue and run the necessary tests.

  :  I will analyze the data  Ill run the numbers and drive the forecast process.  I will manage the budget  I have the budget under control.

  :  I will review the contract  Ill hold a review session with the team and set the revision priorities.  I will negotiate the terms  Ill drive the negotiation strategy and hold the line on key clauses.

  :  I will create a campaign  Ill run a campaign and drive engagement through multiple channels.  I will manage the social media  I have the social media strategy and Ill make sure we hit our targets.

  :  I will coordinate the deliveries  Ill run the delivery schedule and hold suppliers accountable for timelines.  I will solve the routing problem  Ill get to the root of the routing issues and set up a more efficient system.

,     ,      .    Ill run this,      ,    Ill do this.   .      ,      .




  ,    


   ,     .   -   ,      .

, :    .

  ( RUN):I need to run the client report process to ensure everything is accurate.     ,      .

  ( GET):Ill get the report ready for the client by Friday.     ,    ,   .

  ( SET):Ill set up a reporting template that we can reuse for the client.      ,   ,      .

 ,        ,    .       ,         .    I have the report   .   Ill run the report process   .   Well get you the report by Friday   .

 ,  ,     .            .

 do  make         .    ,  , , ,   .

         .      ,      ,    ,     .      .   .




 2.2. 

   .    MAKE A DECISION,   DO A DECISION,       50% 





  ,    


    .  .   .  : We did a decision about the budget. We need to make a research before the meeting. We will do our best to increase the quality.

 .  ? .  ? .  -  . -  .    ,   :   .    ,    .

  ,    .       .       .    .   ,   .   ,  decision    make,  research   conduct  do.

  :   .    100 .  . .       .

    50%   .     .   ,       .    ,   . ,  make    ,  do   .        .




      


     ,    .       .    .

:

 Make a decision  .

 Do a decision   ,      .         ,   .

    ?

       .         (I want to + verb + noun + preposition),     (make a decision).   .    .   .

    .       .




 .  +  (   )


      .      ,          .




 MAKE    


Make   ,    -    .

  MAKE,   :

 make a decision    ( do a decision)

 make a choice   

 make a plan   

 make a proposal   

 make a recommendation   

 make a suggestion   

 make a change   

 make an improvement   -

 make an effort   

 make a mistake    ( do a mistake)

 make a profit   

 make a loss   

 make progress   

 make a call    /  (   )

 make an appointment   

 make arrangements  , 

 make a contribution   

 make a difference   , 

 make sure   ( do sure)

 make sense   




 DO    


Do   ,     .    ,    .

  DO,   :

 do business    ( make business)

 do work   

 do a task   

 do a job   

 do research    (   conduct research)

 do an analysis    (   conduct an analysis)

 do a test   

 do an experiment   

 do a project    ( run a project   )

 do the paperwork   

 do the shopping    ()

 do someone a favor   

 do your best     ( make your best)




 TAKE    


Take   ,    ,      .

  TAKE,   :

 take a decision    (  ),  make a decision  

 take action   

 take steps   

 take measures   

 take control   

 take responsibility   

 take charge     

 take a look  

 take a break   

 take time    /  

 take advantage   

 take part   

 take place  ,  

 take into account    

 take a risk  

 take an approach   




 GIVE    


Give   ,    ,   .

  GIVE,   :

 give a presentation   

 give a report   

 give a speech   

 give an update    

 give feedback    

 give advice   

 give permission   

 give access   

 give priority   

 give an example   

 give a reason   

 give an explanation   

 give a guarantee   




 .  + 


     ,   .  big problem   major issue.  good plan  sound strategy.

,   :

 major issue    ( big issue   ,  major  )

 key factor   

 critical point   

 strategic decision   

 competitive advantage   

 financial stability   

 operational efficiency   

 market share    ( market part)

 customer satisfaction   

 brand awareness   

 business environment   

 economic growth   

 sustainable development   

 mutual benefit   

 long-term relationship   

 short-term goal   

 clear objective   

 strong position   

 weak point   

 potential risk   




 .  +  ( )


          .       .

:

 decision-making process    

 cost-cutting measures     

 risk management strategy    

 performance review meeting     

 market research data    

 sales forecast report     

 client relationship management     

 supply chain logistics    

 project implementation timeline    

 quality assurance standards    




 .  +  (    )


    ,         .

,   :

 deal with a problem      ( deal about)

 discuss a topic    ( !  discuss about)

 explain a situation    ( !  explain about)

 ask for help    

 apply for a position     

 apply to a company     

 apply a rule    ( )

 focus on a task    

 insist on something    -

 depend on something    -

 rely on someone    -

 comply with regulations   

 conform to standards   

 consist of parts     ( consist from)

 succeed in a task    

 succeed to a position  /  (  )




    50% 


,     -:               .

   (  ):

 :     ? Take? Make? Do?  .     make steps? Do steps?  .     improve position? Strengthen position?   30    .

  (   ):

 :

 make a decision   

 take steps   

 improve our position  ,   strengthen our market position   

: We need to make a decision on the budget and take steps to strengthen our market position.

    5 .      .      .




  ,    


    : decision, budget, steps, market, position.     ,  .     .

 :    .

 decision  make a decision.

 steps  take steps.

 market  market position.

 position  strengthen your position.

      ,    .    .  :      ?   ?

:

   budget.

   ? set a budget, approve a budget, cut a budget, exceed a budget, meet a budget.

   ? annual budget, tight budget, flexible budget, fixed budget.

   ? within budget, over budget, under budget.

     ,   .       .




  .    


  ( ,     ):

We did a decision about the budget. We need to make a research before we start. We will do a plan for the next quarter. We hope to get a good result. We want to make our position stronger in the market.

   :

 did a decision    made a decision

 make a research    do research  conduct research

 do a plan    make a plan

 get a good result   achieve a good result  deliver results

 make our position stronger   strengthen our position

  ( ):

We made a decision on the budget. We need to conduct research before we start. We will make a plan for the next quarter. We hope to achieve good results and strengthen our market position.

   .   ,   .     ,     .    ,   .




  


        , , .  10  ,     .

: , , , , , , , , , .

     35   .

:

 decision  make a decision, take a decision (BrE), a key decision, a strategic decision, reach a decision

 budget  set a budget, approve a budget, cut a budget, exceed a budget, within budget

 project  run a project, manage a project, launch a project, complete a project, a major project

 market  enter a market, dominate a market, analyze a market, market share, market position

 client  deal with a client, serve a client, satisfy a client, a potential client, a loyal client

 team  lead a team, manage a team, build a team, a strong team, a cross-functional team

 result  achieve results, deliver results, produce results, a positive result, a negative result

 strategy  develop a strategy, implement a strategy, change a strategy, a long-term strategy, a winning strategy

 problem  solve a problem, address a problem, identify a problem, a major problem, a recurring problem

 opportunity  identify an opportunity, seize an opportunity, miss an opportunity, a unique opportunity, a business opportunity

     ,   .  .   .




  ,    


   ,      . ,   ,  ,  .

     .    :       .      .

 (:   ):

We have made a decision to launch the new product in Q3. We need to conduct market research before we finalize the strategy. Our team will take responsibility for the implementation. We hope to achieve strong results and strengthen our market position. We will take into account all the feedback from our key clients.

 ,    :

 made a decision

 launch a product

 conduct research

 finalize a strategy

 take responsibility

 achieve results

 strengthen position

 take into account

 key clients

    .      .    .    ,   .




-


          ,     :

We did a decision to launch the new product in Q3. We need to do a research before we finish the strategy. Our team will give responsibility for the implementation. We hope to get strong results and make our market position stronger. We will consider all the feedback from our important clients.

 . ,    .     .     .    .




 


      .    50% ,      .

     :

 Make   , , , , , .

 Do   , , , .

 Take   , , , , , .

 Give   , ,  , , .

 :

       .  :      ?

    ,   .

  ,     (   ).

    ,      .  .



      .   very good  very bad    ,     .         .

     .   ,   .  ,   .




 2.3.  

 VERY GOOD  VERY BAD   ,        ,     





  ,    


     : Anna did a very good job on the project. Her presentation was very good. The client was very happy. The results were very good.

    : -  .   very good.  .  .  ,    .    .

 ,   : Anna delivered an outstanding performance on the project. Her presentation was compelling and well-structured. The client was impressed with her approach. The results exceeded our expectations.

 ?       .    . . .

  :    good: great, excellent, wonderful, fantastic.  .       .       .

    -.  ,  very good  very bad     ,    .       ,   ,   .




 very good  very bad   


 .    .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/kirill-shatilov-8620489/veskii-angliiskii-slova-kotorye-vesiat-74503982/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  .       ,  .


