    .     
 


           ?   20    B1B2:   ,  , ,    , ,    .       .    ,       .





     

     



 



  , 2026



ISBN 978-5-0071-3595-5

     Ridero







          ,     .        ,     ,           .



        B1B2.   20 ,     : , , ,  , , , , ,  , , , , , , , , , ,    .



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   ,         .     ,       ,       .



   



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      .    :



employ  employer  employee  employment;

pollute  pollution  polluted  pollutant;

responsible  responsibility  responsibly.



    ,    .      ,   .



         Speaking Practice    .          .         .



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  ,   ,          .        ,         .




 1. Education and Learning



  



        ,  ,    .             .



1. Key Vocabulary



School and Education



academic achievement   

Winning the competition was a significant academic achievement.



academic performance  

Regular revision can improve students academic performance.



assignment   

Our teacher gave us a challenging writing assignment.



compulsory subject   

Mathematics is a compulsory subject at school.



curriculum   

The school curriculum includes academic and creative subjects.



educational institution   

The university is one of the oldest educational institutions in the country.



extracurricular activity   

Taking part in extracurricular activities helps students develop social skills.



school leaver   

Many school leavers continue their education at university.



school uniform   

Some students believe that wearing a school uniform creates a sense of equality.



secondary education   

Young people normally complete their secondary education before entering university.



Learning and Studying



acquire knowledge   

Students acquire knowledge through reading, discussion and practice.



broaden ones horizons   

Studying foreign languages can broaden your horizons.



develop a skill   

Group projects help students develop communication skills.



gain experience   

Volunteering allows teenagers to gain valuable experience.



make progress   , 

She has made considerable progress in English.



memorise information   

Understanding a rule is usually more effective than simply memorising information.



pay attention   

Students should pay attention during lessons.



revise a subject    

I need to revise biology before the test.



study independently   

Online resources allow learners to study independently.



take notes   

Taking notes helps students remember the most important information.



Exams and Assessment



assessment  ,  

Continuous assessment can reduce examination stress.



entrance examination   

Applicants have to pass an entrance examination.



exam preparation    

Good exam preparation requires regular practice.



get a high grade    

She worked hard and got a high grade in English.



meet a deadline     

Students must meet the deadline for submitting the project.



pass an exam   

He hopes to pass all his final exams.



take an exam   ,   

Thousands of school leavers take the exam every year.



resit an exam   

Students who do not achieve the required result may resit the exam.



submit an assignment    

The assignment must be submitted by Friday.



written examination   

The course ends with a written examination.



Higher Education



apply to a university     

Many students apply to several universities.



degree   , 

She has a degree in economics.



graduate from university   

He graduated from university two years ago.



higher education   

Higher education can provide better career opportunities.



online course  -

Online courses make education more accessible.



qualification  

Professional qualifications are required for this position.



scholarship  

She received a scholarship because of her excellent results.



tuition fees    

Some students find it difficult to pay tuition fees.



vocational education   

Vocational education prepares students for particular occupations.



2. Useful Collocations



  make

make progress  ;

make an effort   ;

make a decision   ;

make a mistake   ;

make the most of something   -  .



Students should make the most of the educational opportunities available to them.



  take

take an exam   ;

take notes   ;

take responsibility for something     -;

take part in a project     ;

take a course   .



Teenagers should take responsibility for their own learning.



  gain

gain knowledge   ;

gain experience   ;

gain confidence   ;

gain practical skills    ;

gain admission to a university    .



Part-time work can help students gain practical skills.



3. Useful Expressions



fall behind with ones studies    

Students who miss classes may fall behind with their studies.



keep up with the class    

Regular revision helps learners keep up with the class.



learn something by heart   

We had to learn the poem by heart.



put knowledge into practice     

School projects allow students to put their knowledge into practice.



work at ones own pace     

Distance learning allows students to work at their own pace.



have access to education     

Every child should have access to high-quality education.



cope with academic pressure     

Students need to learn how to cope with academic pressure.



achieve ones full potential     

A supportive teacher can help students achieve their full potential.



prepare for ones future career     

Vocational courses prepare young people for their future careers.



strike a balance between study and rest       

It is important to strike a balance between study and rest.



4. Word Formation



achieve  

achievement  

Regular practice helps learners achieve better results.

Graduating from university was an important achievement.



educate  

education  

educational  

educated  

Educational programmes should meet the needs of modern students.



qualify   

qualification  

qualified  

The course provides students with a professional qualification.



succeed   

success  

successful  

successfully  

Successful students usually organise their time carefully.



motivate  

motivation  

motivated  

Highly motivated learners often make faster progress.



perform  ,  

performance  , 

Regular feedback can improve academic performance.



improve  

improvement  

There has been a significant improvement in her pronunciation.



attend  

attendance  

Regular attendance is important for academic success.



5. Exercise 1. Choose the Correct Word



  .



Students must submit their assignment / curriculum before Friday.

Regular practice helps learners make progress / education.

She received a scholarship / deadline because of her excellent results.

Taking part in projects helps students gain practical skills / grades.

Mathematics is a compulsory subject / qualification at school.

The university offers several online courses / performances.

Many school leavers want to receive higher education / attendance.

Students should revise regularly before taking an exam / institution.

Vocational education prepares people for particular occupations / assignments.

Good time-management skills help students meet deadlines / scholarships.



6. Exercise 2. Complete the Collocations



    .



access, attention, deadlines, experience, heart, notes, pace, progress, responsibility, skills



make __________

take __________ during a lesson

gain practical __________

pay __________

meet __________

work at your own __________

learn a poem by __________

take __________ for your learning

have __________ to education

gain valuable __________



7. Exercise 3. Complete the Sentences



     .



academic performance, apply to, broaden, compulsory, fall behind, higher education, put, scholarship



Studying abroad can __________ a young persons horizons.

Students who regularly miss lessons may __________ with their studies.

Foreign languages are __________ subjects in many schools.

Many school leavers plan to receive __________.

She wants to __________ several universities next year.

Regular revision can improve students __________.

Project work allows learners to __________ their knowledge into practice.

The student received a __________ because of her excellent academic results.



8. Exercise 4. Word Formation



 ,   .



A good education can contribute to a persons future __________.

SUCCESS

Modern technology has created new __________ opportunities.

EDUCATE

Students need strong __________ to continue working towards their goals.

MOTIVATE

The university provides several professional __________.

QUALIFY

Regular practice leads to a noticeable __________ in language skills.

IMPROVE

Good school __________ is necessary for academic progress.

ATTEND

Completing the project was a significant __________ for the whole class.

ACHIEVE

The course was __________ completed by all the students.

SUCCESS



9. Exercise 5. Complete the Text



  .



assignments, balance, deadlines, independently, knowledge, progress, revise, skills



Preparing for important examinations can be challenging. Students need to organise their time carefully and find a healthy (1) __________ between studying and resting. It is important to attend classes, complete all (2) __________ and meet the required (3) __________.



Students should regularly (4) __________ the material instead of trying to memorise everything immediately before an exam. They should also practise working (5) __________ and use reliable educational resources. This approach allows learners to expand their (6) __________, develop useful academic (7) __________ and make steady (8) __________.



10. Speaking Practice



  ,   .



What school subjects are the most useful for a persons future?

What qualities help students achieve academic success?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning?

Should schools focus more on academic knowledge or practical skills?

How can students cope with examination stress?

Is higher education necessary for a successful career?

What can teachers do to motivate their students?



Useful Speaking Phrases

In my opinion, education should

One of the main advantages is that

Another important point is

This allows students to

However, it is also necessary to consider

I strongly believe that

To sum up, a good education helps people



11. Writing Practice



   100120 .



Some people believe that schools should pay more attention to practical skills than academic subjects. What is your opinion?



      .



Useful Writing Phrases

It is widely believed that

There are several reasons for this.

Firstly, 

Moreover, 

For example, 

From my point of view, 

In conclusion, 




Answers


Exercise 1

assignment

progress

scholarship

skills

subject

courses

education

exam

occupations

deadlines



Exercise 2

progress

notes

skills

attention

deadlines

pace

heart

responsibility

access

experience



Exercise 3

broaden

fall behind

compulsory

higher education

apply to

academic performance

put

scholarship



Exercise 4

success

educational

motivation

qualifications

improvement

attendance

achievement

successfully



Exercise 5

balance

assignments

deadlines

revise

independently

knowledge

skills

progress



Possible Answer



Schools provide students with academic knowledge, but I believe they should also pay more attention to practical skills. Firstly, teenagers need to learn how to manage their time, work in a team and take responsibility for their decisions. These skills can prepare them for their future careers. Moreover, practical projects allow students to put their knowledge into practice and gain valuable experience. However, academic subjects should not be removed from the curriculum because they broaden students horizons and develop critical thinking. In my opinion, schools should strike a balance between theoretical knowledge and practical education. This approach can help young people achieve their full potential and become more confident and independent.




 2. Family and Relationships



  



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1. Key Vocabulary



Family Members



close relative   

Only close relatives were invited to the family celebration.



distant relative   

Some of my distant relatives live abroad.



extended family   ,   

Members of an extended family often support one another.



immediate family   

Her immediate family includes her parents and younger brother.



only child     

Although he is an only child, he has many close friends.



single-parent family   

Children from single-parent families may have additional household responsibilities.



younger generation   

The younger generation tends to use technology more actively.



elderly relative   

Many people help their elderly relatives with household chores.



Family Relationships



bring up a child   

Parents are responsible for bringing up their children.



close relationship   

She has a close relationship with her older sister.



family background   ,  

A persons family background may influence their values.



family bond   

Shared traditions can strengthen family bonds.



family gathering   

We usually organise a family gathering in December.



get along with somebody    -

I get along well with all my relatives.



have something in common   - 

My brother and I have many interests in common.



look after somebody    -

Older children sometimes look after their younger siblings.



mutual respect   

Healthy relationships should be based on mutual respect.



supportive family  ,  

A supportive family can help a person overcome difficulties.



Friendship and Communication



acquaintance  

We are not close friends; he is simply an acquaintance.



close friend   

A close friend is someone you can trust.



keep in touch   

Social media helps people keep in touch with old friends.



make friends   

Joining a club is a good way to make friends.



peer  

Teenagers are often influenced by their peers.



reliable  

A reliable friend keeps their promises.



share interests   

People often become friends because they share similar interests.



support one another    

True friends support one another in difficult situations.



trust somebody   -

It takes time to learn to trust another person.



value a friendship   

People should value their friendships and treat each other with respect.



Problems and Conflicts



argument  , 

The disagreement developed into a serious argument.



compromise  

Both sides should be willing to reach a compromise.



conflict  

Open communication can help prevent family conflicts.



generation gap   

The generation gap may lead to misunderstandings between parents and teenagers.



misunderstanding  

Their argument was caused by a simple misunderstanding.



personal boundaries   

It is important to respect other peoples personal boundaries.



resolve a conflict   

Calm discussion is often the best way to resolve a conflict.



take somebody for granted   -  

We should not take our family members for granted.



2. Useful Collocations



  relationship

build a relationship   ;

develop a relationship   ;

maintain a relationship   ;

improve a relationship   ;

damage a relationship   ;

end a relationship   .



Honest communication helps people maintain healthy relationships.



  support

receive support   ;

provide support   ;

emotional support   ;

practical support   ;

family support   ;

support one another    .



Teenagers need both emotional and practical support from adults.



  responsibility

accept responsibility   ;

share responsibilities   ;

take responsibility for something     -;

family responsibilities   ;

household responsibilities    .



All family members should share household responsibilities.



3. Useful Expressions



be on good terms with somebody       -

She is on good terms with her neighbours.



be there for somebody      -

True friends are always there for each other.



fall out with somebody    -

He fell out with his friend because of a misunderstanding.



get to know somebody   - 

Group activities help students get to know one another.



grow apart      

Some school friends grow apart when they become adults.



have a lot in common    

We became friends because we had a lot in common.



keep a promise   

A reliable person always tries to keep a promise.



make up with somebody    -

They discussed the problem and eventually made up.



rely on somebody    -

I know that I can always rely on my best friend.



spend quality time together        

Family members should spend quality time together.



4. Word Formation



relate  ,  

relation  , 

relationship  

relative  

Positive relationships are based on trust and respect.



support  ; 

supportive   

Supportive parents encourage their children to become independent.



rely  

reliable  

reliability  

Reliability is an important quality in a friend.



respect  ; 

respectful  

respectfully  

Family members should speak to one another respectfully.



understand  

understanding  

misunderstanding  

Honest conversation can prevent misunderstandings.



agree  

agreement  

disagree   

disagreement  

People can have disagreements without damaging their relationship.



responsible  

responsibility  , 

Teenagers should take responsibility for their decisions.



communicate  

communication  

Effective communication is essential for healthy relationships.



5. Exercise 1. Choose the Correct Word



  .



My sister and I have many interests in common / in touch.

A reliable friend always tries to keep a promise / relationship.

Open communication can help people resolve a conflict / generation.

Family members should share household responsibilities / backgrounds.

Although they live in different countries, they keep in touch / respect.

Parents are responsible for bringing up / out their children.

Healthy relationships should be based on mutual respect / argument.

She knows that she can always rely on / with her best friend.

A family gathering can strengthen family bonds / boundaries.

Both sides need to reach a compromise / relative.



6. Exercise 2. Complete the Collocations



    .



apart, boundaries, common, conflict, friends, promise, relationship, responsibilities, support, terms



make __________

provide emotional __________

build a strong __________

share household __________

have something in __________

resolve a __________

keep a __________

grow __________

respect personal __________

be on good __________ with somebody



7. Exercise 3. Complete the Sentences



     .



bring up, close relationship, compromise, generation gap, keep in touch, look after, supportive, take for granted



Good friends continue to __________ even when they live far apart.

Parents usually try to __________ their children to be kind and responsible.

Teenagers sometimes __________ their parents help __________.

A __________ may cause disagreements between young people and adults.

Both sides should be prepared to reach a __________.

She has a particularly __________ with her grandmother.

Older children sometimes __________ their younger brothers and sisters.

A __________ family helps its members cope with difficult situations.



8. Exercise 4. Word Formation



 ,   .



Mutual respect is essential for a healthy __________.

RELATE

My best friend is extremely __________, so I can always depend on her.

RELY

Open __________ helps family members understand one another.

COMMUNICATE

The argument was caused by a simple __________.

UNDERSTAND

Parents should encourage children to accept __________ for their actions.

RESPONSIBLE

Family members should treat one another __________.

RESPECT

His parents were very __________ when he decided to change careers.

SUPPORT

Small __________ are natural in any relationship.

AGREE



9. Exercise 5. Complete the Text



  .



common, communication, conflicts, quality, rely, respect, responsibilities, supportive



Strong family relationships do not develop automatically. Family members need to spend (1) __________ time together and show mutual (2) __________. Open (3) __________ allows people to express their feelings and prevent unnecessary (4) __________.



It is also important to share household (5) __________ fairly. Children and adults may have different opinions, but they can still find something in (6) __________. In a healthy family, people are (7) __________ and know that they can (8) __________ on one another.



10. Exercise 6. Translate into English



    .



        .

        .

    .

      .

     .

     .

      .

      .



11. Speaking Practice



  ,   .



What qualities make someone a good friend?

Why do conflicts sometimes occur between parents and teenagers?

How can family members resolve disagreements?

Should children have household responsibilities?

Why is it important to respect personal boundaries?

Can online communication replace face-to-face communication?

What activities can strengthen family bonds?



Useful Speaking Phrases

From my point of view, a strong relationship requires

One of the most important qualities is

This problem may occur because

The best way to resolve the situation is to

Both sides should be willing to

It is important to remember that

As a result, people can



12. Writing Practice



   100120 .



Some people believe that modern technology makes family relationships weaker. What is your opinion?



        .



Useful Writing Phrases

It is often argued that

There are several reasons for this opinion.

On the one hand, 

On the other hand, 

For instance, 

In my view, 

To conclude, 




Answers


Exercise 1

in common

promise

conflict

responsibilities

touch

up

respect

on

bonds

compromise



Exercise 2

friends

support

relationship

responsibilities

common

conflict

promise

apart

boundaries

terms



Exercise 3

keep in touch

bring up

take; for granted

generation gap

compromise

close relationship

look after

supportive



Exercise 4

relationship

reliable

communication

misunderstanding

responsibility

respectfully

supportive

disagreements



Exercise 5

quality

respect

communication

conflicts

responsibilities

common

supportive

rely



Exercise 6.   

My sister and I get along well and have a lot in common.

Family members should support one another in difficult situations.

Open communication helps people resolve conflicts.

Parents should not ignore teenagers personal boundaries.

A reliable friend always tries to keep their promises.

Family traditions strengthen relationships between generations.

All family members should share household responsibilities.

It is important not to take the support of your loved ones for granted.



Writing Practice.   



Modern technology has changed the way family members communicate. Some people believe that it makes family relationships weaker because relatives spend less quality time together. Family members may sit in the same room but pay more attention to their phones than to one another. However, technology also helps people keep in touch when they live far apart. Video calls and messaging applications allow relatives to provide emotional support and share important moments. From my point of view, technology itself does not damage relationships. The main problem is how people use it. Families should strike a balance between online communication and face-to-face conversations to maintain close relationships.




 3. Personality and Emotions



  



        , ,    .         ,       .



1. Key Vocabulary



Positive Personality Traits



ambitious  , 

Ambitious people are willing to work hard to achieve their goals.



cheerful  

Her cheerful personality makes other people feel comfortable.



confident    

Confident students are not afraid to express their opinions.



determined  , 

She was determined to complete the course successfully.



easy-going  ,   

My brother is easy-going and rarely becomes annoyed.



generous  

It was generous of him to support the local charity.



hard-working  

Hard-working students usually make steady progress.



honest  

An honest person tells the truth even in difficult situations.



patient  

Teachers need to be patient with their students.



reliable  

A reliable person keeps their promises.



responsible  

Responsible people understand the consequences of their decisions.



sociable  

Sociable people usually find it easy to make new friends.



thoughtful  , 

It was thoughtful of her to help her elderly neighbour.



open-minded  ,  

Open-minded people are willing to consider different opinions.



Negative Personality Traits



arrogant  

Arrogant people often believe that they are better than others.



bad-tempered  , 

He becomes bad-tempered when he is tired.



careless  , 

Careless decisions can lead to serious problems.



dishonest  

Dishonest behaviour can destroy trust.



impatient  

Impatient people find it difficult to wait.



inconsiderate    

It is inconsiderate to make noise late at night.



irresponsible  

Ignoring important duties is irresponsible.



selfish  

Selfish people usually put their own needs first.



stubborn  

He is too stubborn to admit that he needs help.



unreliable  

An unreliable person may fail to keep a promise.



Emotions and Feelings



anxious  

Many students feel anxious before an important exam.



ashamed   

He felt ashamed of his inconsiderate behaviour.



confused  , 

The instructions made some students feel confused.



delighted   

She was delighted to hear the good news.



disappointed  

He was disappointed with his examination results.



embarrassed  

She felt embarrassed when she forgot her teachers name.



frustrated   -   

Students may feel frustrated when they do not see immediate progress.



grateful  

I am grateful to my parents for their support.



proud  

Her family was proud of her achievements.



relieved   

He felt relieved when the examination was over.



satisfied  

She was satisfied with the results of her work.



upset  

He was upset by his friends words.



Behaviour and Reactions



behave appropriately     

Students are expected to behave appropriately at school.



control ones emotions   

It is important to control your emotions during an argument.



express ones feelings   

Some people find it difficult to express their feelings.



hide ones disappointment   

She tried to hide her disappointment.



lose ones temper    

He rarely loses his temper, even in stressful situations.



remain calm   

Try to remain calm when dealing with a difficult problem.



show consideration for somebody     -

We should show consideration for other peoples feelings.



take criticism personally      

Constructive criticism can be useful, so students should not take it personally.



2. Useful Collocations



  confidence

gain confidence   ;

build confidence   ;

lack confidence    ;

lose confidence   ;

express confidence   ;

self-confidence    .



Regular speaking practice can help students gain confidence.



  feeling

express ones feelings    ;

hide ones feelings   ;

hurt somebodys feelings   - ;

understand somebodys feelings   - ;

strong feelings   ;

mixed feelings   .



People should think carefully before saying something that may hurt another persons feelings.



  attitude

positive attitude   ;

negative attitude   ;

responsible attitude   ;

change ones attitude   ;

attitude towards something    -.



A positive attitude can help people cope with difficulties.



3. Useful Expressions



be in a good mood     

She was in a good mood after receiving the results.



be in a bad mood     

He prefers to be alone when he is in a bad mood.



be afraid of failure   

People who are afraid of failure may avoid new challenges.



be capable of doing something     -

Determined people are capable of overcoming serious difficulties.



believe in oneself    

Students need to believe in themselves and their abilities.



cope with stress    

Regular exercise can help people cope with stress.



feel under pressure   

School leavers often feel under pressure before their exams.



get annoyed with somebody    -

Try not to get annoyed with people who have different opinions.



have a sense of humour    

Having a sense of humour can make communication easier.



make a good impression    

Being polite and confident can help you make a good impression.



put oneself in somebodys place     - 

Before judging another person, try to put yourself in their place.



take pride in something   -

She takes pride in her academic achievements.



4. Easily Confused Words



sensible  sensitive



sensible  , 

It was sensible of her to ask for advice.



sensitive  

Sensitive people may be strongly affected by criticism.



confident  self-confident



confident       

The team is confident about its chances of success.



self-confident    

Self-confident people usually express their ideas clearly.



ashamed  embarrassed



ashamed    -  

He was ashamed of behaving so selfishly.



embarrassed   

She felt embarrassed when everyone looked at her.



alone  lonely



alone  ,   

Sometimes I prefer to spend time alone.



lonely   

People can feel lonely even when they are surrounded by others.



5. Word Formation



ambition  , 

ambitious  

Ambitious people set challenging goals.



confidence  

confident  

confidently  

She answered the interviewers questions confidently.



patience  

patient  

patiently  

impatient  

The teacher patiently explained the task again.



responsibility  

responsible  

irresponsible  

Responsible people accept the consequences of their actions.



honesty  

honest  

dishonest  

honestly  

Honesty is essential in close relationships.



care  

careful  , 

careless  

carefully  

Students should read examination instructions carefully.



consider    

considerate    

inconsiderate    

consideration  , 

Considerate people think about the needs of others.



satisfy  

satisfaction  

satisfied  

satisfactory  

She was satisfied with her academic progress.



6. Exercise 1. Choose the Correct Word



  .



A reliable / selfish person always tries to keep their promises.

She felt relieved / arrogant when the examination was over.

It is important to remain calm / careless during an argument.

He was ashamed / sensible of his dishonest behaviour.

Open-minded / Stubborn people are willing to consider different opinions.

Regular practice helped the student gain confidence / disappointment.

She is very thoughtful / impatient and always considers other peoples feelings.

Many school leavers feel anxious / generous before their exams.

He was delighted / inconsiderate to receive the award.

A determined / confused person continues working despite difficulties.



7. Exercise 2. Complete the Collocations



    .



attitude, calm, confidence, criticism, emotions, failure, feelings, impression, mood, stress



gain __________

control ones __________

cope with __________

express ones __________

remain __________

make a good __________

be in a good __________

have a positive __________

be afraid of __________

take __________ personally



8. Exercise 3. Complete the Sentences



     .



ambitious, disappointed, easy-going, grateful, lose his temper, open-minded, put yourself, reliable



My brother is calm and __________, so he rarely argues with anyone.

An __________ person is willing to listen to different points of view.

You should __________ in another persons place before criticising them.

She felt __________ when she did not receive the expected results.

I am extremely __________ to my teacher for her support.

An __________ student is prepared to work hard to achieve difficult goals.

You can trust him because he is honest and __________.

Although the situation was stressful, he did not __________.



9. Exercise 4. Word Formation



 ,   .



She answered all the questions calmly and __________.

CONFIDENCE

Teachers need a great deal of __________ when working with young learners.

PATIENT

Ignoring your duties is highly __________.

RESPONSIBLE

Good relationships should be based on trust and __________.

HONEST

His __________ behaviour upset the other members of the group.

CONSIDER

Students should read every task __________ before answering.

CARE

She is __________ with the progress she has made.

SATISFY

Successful athletes are usually highly __________ people.

AMBITION



10. Exercise 5. Choose the Correct Word



  .



It was sensible / sensitive of her to prepare for the interview in advance.

He felt ashamed / embarrassed when he realised that his behaviour had hurt someone.

She enjoys spending time alone / lonely when she needs to think.

Highly sensible / sensitive people may find criticism difficult.

He was ashamed / embarrassed when he forgot his colleagues name.

Elderly people may feel alone / lonely if they do not communicate with others.

The students felt confident / self-confident that they had prepared well for the exam.

Public speaking can help teenagers become more confident / confidence.



11. Exercise 6. Complete the Text



  .



attitude, confidence, determined, failure, feelings, open-minded, pressure, stress



Personality can influence the way people deal with challenges. Those who have a positive (1) __________ are often better prepared to cope with (2) __________. Instead of being afraid of (3) __________, they treat difficulties as opportunities to learn.



Successful people are usually (4) __________ and continue working towards their goals. At the same time, it is important to remain (5) __________ and listen to other peoples opinions. Understanding their (6) __________ can help us build healthy relationships. Gradually, positive experiences allow people to gain (7) __________ and perform better under (8) __________.



12. Exercise 7. Translate into English



 .



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      .

        .

    .

        .

   ,      .

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13. Speaking Practice



  ,   .



Which personality traits do you value most in other people?

Can people change their personalities?

What qualities are necessary for academic success?

How can teenagers learn to cope with stress?

Is it always important to express your feelings?

Why are some people afraid of failure?

How can a person become more self-confident?



Useful Speaking Phrases

I particularly value people who are

One of the most important qualities is

This characteristic helps people to

In difficult situations, it is essential to

People can develop this quality by

From my point of view, 

On the whole, I believe that



14. Writing Practice



   100120 .



Some people believe that success mainly depends on a persons character. What is your opinion?



        .



Useful Writing Phrases

It is often believed that

There are several reasons for this.

To begin with, 

Furthermore, 

For example, 

From my point of view, 

In conclusion, 




Answers


Exercise 1

reliable

relieved

calm

ashamed

open-minded

confidence

thoughtful

anxious

delighted

determined



Exercise 2

confidence

emotions

stress

feelings

calm

impression

mood

attitude

failure

criticism



Exercise 3

easy-going

open-minded

put yourself

disappointed

grateful

ambitious

reliable

lose his temper



Exercise 4

confidently

patience

irresponsible

honesty

inconsiderate

carefully

satisfied

ambitious



Exercise 5

sensible

ashamed

alone

sensitive

embarrassed

lonely

confident

self-confident



Exercise 6

attitude

stress

failure

determined

open-minded

feelings

confidence

pressure



Exercise 7.   

A reliable person always tries to keep their promises.

Many students feel under pressure before important exams.

It is important to remain calm and control your emotions.

Self-confident people are not afraid to express their opinions.

She takes pride in her academic achievements.

Criticism sometimes helps people change their attitude towards work.

Before judging a person, try to put yourself in their place.

A positive attitude helps people cope with difficulties.



Writing Practice.   



It is often believed that success mainly depends on a persons character. I partly agree with this opinion because determined and hard-working people are more likely to achieve their goals. They are not afraid of failure and can remain calm when they experience difficulties. Moreover, self-confident people usually express their ideas clearly and make a good impression on others. However, personality is not the only factor that influences success. Education, professional skills and support from other people are also important. From my point of view, a positive attitude and a strong sense of responsibility can help a person use available opportunities effectively. Therefore, character plays an important but not exclusive role in achieving success.




 4. Daily Life and Household Chores



    



         ,  ,        .           .



1. Key Vocabulary



Daily Routine



daily routine   

A well-organised daily routine can help people use their time effectively.



busy schedule   

It can be difficult to exercise regularly when you have a busy schedule.



working day   

Her working day usually starts at nine oclock.



weekday   

I rarely have enough free time on weekdays.



weekend  

Many people use the weekend to relax and spend time with their families.



alarm clock  

My alarm clock goes off at seven every morning.



morning rush   

Preparing everything in advance helps me avoid the morning rush.



lunch break   

She usually goes for a short walk during her lunch break.



leisure time   , 

Reading is one of his favourite leisure-time activities.



bedtime     

Using a smartphone before bedtime may affect the quality of sleep.



Everyday Activities



get ready for work or school       

It usually takes me half an hour to get ready for work.



have a quick breakfast   

Many people have a quick breakfast on busy weekdays.



commute to work     

She commutes to work by train.



run errands     

I need to run a few errands after work.



do the shopping   

We usually do the shopping at the weekend.



have a rest  

After a busy day, people need to have a proper rest.



take a short break    

Taking a short break can improve concentration.



go to bed   

Teenagers should avoid going to bed too late.



get enough sleep  

It is important to get enough sleep before an examination.



stick to a routine   

Sticking to a routine can make everyday life less stressful.



Household Chores



do household chores     

All family members should help to do household chores.



do the washing-up   

I usually do the washing-up after dinner.



do the laundry   

We normally do the laundry twice a week.



do the ironing   

Some people find doing the ironing relaxing.



make the bed   

Making the bed is part of my morning routine.



tidy ones room    

Children should learn to tidy their own rooms.



vacuum the floor   

We vacuum the floor at least once a week.



dust the furniture     

Dusting the furniture does not take much time.



take out the rubbish   

My brother is responsible for taking out the rubbish.



prepare a meal   

It is useful for teenagers to learn how to prepare simple meals.



set the table    

The children set the table while their parents prepared dinner.



clear the table    

Everyone helped to clear the table after the meal.



Organisation and Responsibilities



household responsibility    

Each family member should have a household responsibility.



share the chores    

Families can avoid arguments if they share the chores fairly.



manage ones time    

Students need to learn how to manage their time.



plan ahead   

Planning ahead can help people meet important deadlines.



set priorities   

People with busy schedules need to set clear priorities.



waste time    

Spending several hours on social media can waste valuable time.



save time   

Online shopping can save time.



be responsible for something    -

I am responsible for keeping the kitchen clean.



complete a task   

Making a list helps me complete every task on time.



cope with responsibilities    

Good organisation makes it easier to cope with everyday responsibilities.



2. Useful Collocations



  time

have enough time    ;

spend time   ;

save time   ;

waste time    ;

manage ones time   ;

make time for something     -;

take up time   ;

free time   .



Even busy people should make time for rest and physical activity.



  routine

daily routine   ;

morning routine   ;

regular routine   ;

follow a routine   ;

establish a routine   ;

change ones routine   ;

break ones routine    .



Establishing a regular routine can reduce stress.



  responsibility

accept responsibility   ;

take responsibility for something   ;

share responsibilities   ;

household responsibilities   ;

personal responsibility   ;

cope with responsibilities    .



Teenagers should gradually take responsibility for more household tasks.



3. Useful Expressions



be pressed for time    

I usually prepare a simple meal when I am pressed for time.



be short of time    

We were short of time, so we took a taxi.



get into the habit of doing something    - 

Students should get into the habit of planning their work.



get out of the habit of doing something    

It can be difficult to get out of the habit of checking your phone frequently.



have a lot on ones plate    

She has a lot on her plate at the moment.



keep something tidy   -  

Everyone should help to keep the shared rooms tidy.



put something off until later   -  

Putting important tasks off until later can cause additional stress.



strike a balance between work and rest       

It is essential to strike a balance between work and rest.



take turns doing something   -  

My brother and I take turns doing the washing-up.



do ones fair share      

Every family member should do their fair share of the housework.



make the most of ones time     

A clear plan can help people make the most of their time.



become part of ones routine    

Daily exercise has become part of my morning routine.



4. Easily Confused Words



housework  homework



housework   ,  

Doing housework teaches children to be responsible.



homework    

I usually finish my homework before dinner.



job  work



job     

She has a demanding job at a bank.



work    

He has a lot of work to complete today.



routine  schedule



routine    

Checking my emails is part of my daily routine.



schedule       

I have a very busy schedule this week.



economic  economical



economic    

The country is experiencing economic growth.



economical  ,  

This washing machine is economical because it uses less water.



5. Word Formation



organise  

organisation  

organised  

Organised people usually complete their tasks on time.



responsibility  

responsible  

irresponsible  

Every family member should be responsible for certain chores.



regular  

regularly  

irregular  

A regular sleep schedule can improve a persons well-being.



tidy  ;   

untidy  

tidiness  

Keeping the room tidy makes it more comfortable.



convenience  

convenient  

inconvenient  

Online services are convenient for people with busy schedules.



product  

produce  

productive  

productivity  

Short breaks can increase productivity.



effect  , 

effective  

effectively  

Planning allows people to use their time effectively.



energy  

energetic  

After a good nights sleep, people usually feel more energetic.



6. Exercise 1. Choose the Correct Word



  .



I always make / do my bed after waking up.

My brother is responsible for taking out / off the rubbish.

Students should learn how to manage their time / routine effectively.

We normally do / make the washing-up after dinner.

Planning ahead can help people meet important deadlines / schedules.

All family members should share household chores / errands fairly.

She commutes to / at work by bus.

Taking regular breaks can improve productivity / tidiness.

We take turns to prepare / preparing dinner.

Try not to put important tasks off / out until later.



7. Exercise 2. Complete the Collocations



    .



break, chores, errands, ironing, priorities, rubbish, routine, table, time, washing-up



do the __________

take out the __________

run __________

set the __________

share the __________

manage ones __________

set __________

take a short __________

follow a daily __________

do the __________



8. Exercise 3. Complete the Sentences



     .



busy schedule, fair share, get enough sleep, plan ahead, pressed for time, stick to, take turns, waste time



Students should __________ instead of preparing for an exam at the last moment.

My brother and I __________ cleaning the kitchen.

It is difficult to exercise regularly when you have a __________.

Everyone should do their __________ of the housework.

Teenagers need to __________ to remain healthy and attentive.

I make a quick breakfast when I am __________.

A written timetable can help students __________ their routine.

People sometimes __________ by checking social media too frequently.



9. Exercise 4. Word Formation



 ,   .



Good __________ helps people complete their tasks on time.

ORGANISE

Teenagers should become more __________ for their personal belongings.

RESPONSIBILITY

Online shopping is a __________ option for people with busy schedules.

CONVENIENCE

Short breaks can help employees work more __________.

EFFECT

A regular routine may increase a persons __________.

PRODUCTIVE

He exercises __________ and tries to eat healthy food.

REGULAR

After a proper rest, she felt more __________.

ENERGY

Leaving shared rooms dirty is __________.

RESPONSIBLE



10. Exercise 5. Choose the Correct Word



  .



Students usually complete their homework / housework after school.

Cleaning and cooking are forms of homework / housework.

She has a demanding job / work in the city centre.

I have a lot of job / work to do this evening.

Having breakfast is part of my morning routine / schedule.

According to my routine / schedule, the meeting begins at ten.

The country is facing several economic / economical problems.

Modern household appliances are often more economic / economical.



11. Exercise 6. Complete the Text



  .



balance, chores, deadlines, organise, priorities, productive, routine, responsibilities



Modern life can be extremely busy. People need to combine work or study with household (1) __________ and personal activities. A regular daily (2) __________ can help them use their time effectively.



It is useful to make a list of tasks and set clear (3) __________. Important work should be completed before less urgent activities. People who (4) __________ their time carefully are more likely to meet their (5) __________ and remain (6) __________.



However, a good schedule should also include time for rest. Maintaining a healthy (7) __________ between work and leisure makes it easier to cope with everyday (8) __________.



12. Exercise 7. Translate into English



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       .

    ,   .

     .

    .

      .

      .

     .

      .

      .

       .



13. Speaking Practice



  ,   .



What household chores do you usually do?

Should all family members share household responsibilities?

What chores can children and teenagers perform?

How can people organise a busy working or school day?

Why do some people put important tasks off until later?

What helps you maintain a healthy daily routine?

Do modern household appliances save a significant amount of time?

Is it easy to strike a balance between work and rest?



Useful Speaking Phrases

My daily routine usually includes

I am responsible for

In my family, we take turns

One effective way to save time is to

It is important to plan ahead because

People should avoid

On the whole, I believe that



14. Writing Practice



   100120 .



Some people believe that teenagers should help their parents with household chores. What is your opinion?



        .



Useful Writing Phrases

It is sometimes argued that

There are several reasons why

To begin with, 

Moreover, 

For example, 

From my point of view, 

To sum up, 




Answers


Exercise 1

make

out

time

do

deadlines

chores

to

productivity

preparing

off



Exercise 2

washing-up

rubbish

errands

table

chores

time

priorities

break

routine

ironing



Exercise 3

plan ahead

take turns

busy schedule

fair share

get enough sleep

pressed for time

stick to

waste time



Exercise 4

organisation

responsible

convenient

effectively

productivity

regularly

energetic

irresponsible



Exercise 5

homework

housework

job

work

routine

schedule

economic

economical



Exercise 6

chores

routine

priorities

organise

deadlines

productive

balance

responsibilities



Exercise 7.   

All family members should share household responsibilities fairly.

My brother is responsible for taking out the rubbish.

Good planning helps people save time.

Students should learn how to set priorities.

My sister and I take turns doing the washing-up.

It is important to strike a balance between work and rest.

She has got into the habit of preparing everything in advance.

People should not put important tasks off until later.

A regular routine helps people cope with everyday responsibilities.

Even busy people should make time for rest.



Writing Practice.   



It is sometimes argued that teenagers should help their parents with household chores. I completely agree with this opinion. To begin with, sharing chores teaches young people to take responsibility for their surroundings. Teenagers can make their beds, tidy their rooms, do the washing-up or take out the rubbish. Moreover, household duties help them develop practical skills that will be useful in adult life. Parents often have busy schedules, so it is unfair to expect them to do all the housework. In my opinion, every family member should do their fair share. However, parents should distribute the tasks reasonably so that teenagers can strike a healthy balance between their studies, household responsibilities and rest.




 5. Hobbies and Free Time



   



        ,  ,    .        ,       .



1. Key Vocabulary



Free Time



free time   

Many teenagers prefer to spend their free time with friends.



leisure  ,  

Reading is a popular leisure activity.



leisure centre     

The local leisure centre offers activities for people of all ages.



pastime     

Gardening is a relaxing pastime.



recreation  ,  

The park provides opportunities for recreation and outdoor activities.



entertainment  

The city offers a wide range of entertainment.



spare time   

She enjoys taking photographs in her spare time.



day off   

On my day off, I usually meet my friends or stay at home.



active lifestyle    

Outdoor hobbies encourage people to maintain an active lifestyle.



sedentary lifestyle    

Spending too much time in front of a screen can lead to a sedentary lifestyle.



Types of Hobbies



arts and crafts  - 

Arts and crafts can help people develop their creativity.



board game   

Playing board games is an enjoyable way to spend time with friends.



collecting  

Collecting coins has been his hobby since childhood.



creative writing   

Creative writing allows people to express their thoughts and feelings.



gardening  

Gardening can be both relaxing and physically demanding.



handicraft  

Knitting is a traditional form of handicraft.



photography  

Photography teaches people to notice details.



reading for pleasure    

Reading for pleasure can broaden a persons horizons.



voluntary work   

Some teenagers spend their free time doing voluntary work.



outdoor activity     

Cycling is a popular outdoor activity.



performing arts    

The performing arts include music, dance and drama.



Taking Up a Hobby



develop an interest in something   -

She developed an interest in photography at school.




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