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      .           ,   .              [3 - Todorov A., Mandisodza A. N., Goren A., Hall C. C. Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes // Science. 2005. Vol. 308. P. 16231626.].     ,      .      :              ,    .

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 ,  .   2016     ,  ,                 [8 - Wu X., Zhang X. Automated inference on criminality using face images // arXiv:1611.04135. 2016.].  ,  ,  ,       ,    .       [9 - Ag?era y Arcas B., Mitchell M., Todorov A. Physiognomy's new clothes // Medium. 2017.].  :  ,   .    ,     .     .

      

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      ,  -  .     ,        ,   :     .

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   ,       ,   .            .    ,        [13 - Wiseman R. et al. The eyes don't have it: Lie detection and neuro-linguistic programming // PLoS ONE. 2012. Vol. 7,  7. e40259.].      ,          .     2013    ,      [14 - U.S. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: TSA Should Limit Future Funding for Behavior Detection Activities. GAO-14-159. 2013.].

    ,        .     .   ,              [15 - Pittenger D. J. Cautionary comments regarding the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator // Consulting Psychology Journal. 2005. Vol. 57,  3. P. 210221.].  ,     ,   .     , ,  - .

     ?     1949    .              .     .          ,    :     ,     [16 - Forer B. R. The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1949. Vol. 44,  1. P. 118123.].      ,  ,    .     ,      .

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 1977    ,          .    ,     .     ,   .         .       ,    . ,    ,   ,  ,   [17 - Snyder M., Tanke E. D., Berscheid E. Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1977. Vol. 35,  9. P. 656666.].      ,     .  .

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      .        :     ,   .     ,       .   ,    ,      [21 - Tajfel H., Billig M. G., Bundy R. P., Flament C. Social categorization and intergroup behaviour // European Journal of Social Psychology. 1971. Vol. 1,  2. P. 149178.].    ,       .

      .         ,    . ,      ,    ,    :    ,    .        [22 - Rivera L. A. Hiring as cultural matching: The case of elite professional service firms // American Sociological Review. 2012. Vol. 77,  6. P. 9991022.].      ,    .

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        .       ,          .   ,    .     ,   ,     [30 - Pronin E., Lin D. Y., Ross L. The bias blind spot: Perceptions of bias in self versus others // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2002. Vol. 28,  3. P. 369381.].        .

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 1968        ,      [33 - Mischel W. Personality and Assessment. New York: Wiley, 1968.].  ,           ,    .           ,        .   ,       .

 

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        .        :    ,     ,   ,    ,   .  ,            [34 - Shoda Y., Mischel W., Wright J. C. Intraindividual stability in the organization and patterning of behavior: Incorporating psychological situations into the idiographic analysis of personality // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994. Vol. 67,  4. P. 674687.].

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    ,      -[44 - McWilliams N. Psychoanalytic Diagnosis: Understanding Personality Structure in the Clinical Process. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2011.].           .         ,        .     ,      [45 - Kernberg O. F. Severe Personality Disorders: Psychotherapeutic Strategies. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.],      .      :      ,   .        ,     ,     ,   .

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    .     ,   , ,        .      ,   ,         [48 - Marmot M. G., Smith G. D., Stansfeld S. et al. Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study // The Lancet. 1991. Vol. 337,  8754. P. 13871393.].       .

   ,    ,      .      -     [49 - Henrich J., Gil-White F. J. The evolution of prestige: Freely conferred deference as a mechanism for enhancing the benefits of cultural transmission // Evolution and Human Behavior. 2001. Vol. 22,  3. P. 165196.].      .     :     ,    .     .           ,   ,     .    ,       .

      ?            .       ,     ,       [50 - Dickerson S. S., Kemeny M. E. Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research // Psychological Bulletin. 2004. Vol. 130,  3. P. 355391.].  ,   ,         .      .

 

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     ,      ,   .        ,        .      ,   ,   ,     .    ,             [52 - Fehr E., G?chter S. Altruistic punishment in humans // Nature. 2002. Vol. 415,  6868. P. 137140.].       .         ,     ,    [53 - ?th W., Schmittberger R., Schwarze B. An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining // Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 1982. Vol. 3,  4. P. 367388.].

       ,    .                .    ,   .     [54 - Gelfand M. J., Raver J. L., Nishii L. et al. Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study // Science. 2011. Vol. 332,  6033. P. 11001104.].    . ,           ,       .

 

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      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


Darwin C. The Autobiography of Charles Darwin, 18091882 / ed. N. Barlow. London: Collins, 1958.




2


Willis J., Todorov A. First impressions: Making up your mind after a 100-ms exposure to a face // Psychological Science. 2006. Vol. 17,  7. P. 592598.




3


Todorov A., Mandisodza A. N., Goren A., Hall C. C. Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes // Science. 2005. Vol. 308. P. 16231626.




4


-.  // Aristotle. Minor Works. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press, 1936 (Loeb Classical Library).




5


Lavater J. C. Physiognomische Fragmente zur Bef?rderung der Menschenkenntni? und Menschenliebe. Bd. 14. Leipzig; Winterthur, 17751778.




6


Lombroso C. L'uomo delinquente. Milano: Hoepli, 1876.




7


Goring C. The English Convict: A Statistical Study. London: HMSO, 1913.




8


Wu X., Zhang X. Automated inference on criminality using face images // arXiv:1611.04135. 2016.




9


Ag?era y Arcas B., Mitchell M., Todorov A. Physiognomy's new clothes // Medium. 2017.




10


Carr J. M., McCormick C. M. In your face: Facial metrics predict aggressive behaviour in the laboratory and in varsity and professional hockey players // Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2008. Vol. 275. P. 26512656.




11


Kosinski M. Facial width-to-height ratio does not predict self-reported behavioral tendencies // Psychological Science. 2017. Vol. 28,  11. P. 16751682.




12


Bond C. F., DePaulo B. M. Accuracy of deception judgments // Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2006. Vol. 10,  3. P. 214234.




13


Wiseman R. et al. The eyes don't have it: Lie detection and neuro-linguistic programming // PLoS ONE. 2012. Vol. 7,  7. e40259.




14


U.S. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: TSA Should Limit Future Funding for Behavior Detection Activities. GAO-14-159. 2013.




15


Pittenger D. J. Cautionary comments regarding the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator // Consulting Psychology Journal. 2005. Vol. 57,  3. P. 210221.




16


Forer B. R. The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility // Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1949. Vol. 44,  1. P. 118123.




17


Snyder M., Tanke E. D., Berscheid E. Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1977. Vol. 35,  9. P. 656666.




18


Kahneman D. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011.




19


Reber R., Schwarz N. Effects of perceptual fluency on judgments of truth // Consciousness and Cognition. 1999. Vol. 8,  3. P. 338342.




20


Kinzler K. D., Dupoux E., Spelke E. S. The native language of social cognition // PNAS. 2007. Vol. 104,  30. P. 1257712580.




21


Tajfel H., Billig M. G., Bundy R. P., Flament C. Social categorization and intergroup behaviour // European Journal of Social Psychology. 1971. Vol. 1,  2. P. 149178.




22


Rivera L. A. Hiring as cultural matching: The case of elite professional service firms // American Sociological Review. 2012. Vol. 77,  6. P. 9991022.




23


U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Affinity Fraud: How To Avoid Investment Scams That Target Groups. Investor Alert.




24


Milgram S. Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.




25


Zajonc R. B. Attitudinal effects of mere exposure // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1968. Vol. 9,  2, Pt. 2. P. 127.




26


Jones E. E., Harris V. A. The attribution of attitudes // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1967. Vol. 3,  1. P. 124.




27


Thorndike E. L. A constant error in psychological ratings // Journal of Applied Psychology. 1920. Vol. 4,  1. P. 2529.




28


Nisbett R. E., Wilson T. D. The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1977. Vol. 35,  4. P. 250256.




29


Ross L., Greene D., House P. The "false consensus effect": An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1977. Vol. 13,  3. P. 279301.




30


Pronin E., Lin D. Y., Ross L. The bias blind spot: Perceptions of bias in self versus others // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2002. Vol. 28,  3. P. 369381.




31


Lewin K. Principles of Topological Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1936.




32


Hartshorne H., May M. A. Studies in the Nature of Character. Vol. 1: Studies in Deceit. New York: Macmillan, 1928.




33


Mischel W. Personality and Assessment. New York: Wiley, 1968.




34


Shoda Y., Mischel W., Wright J. C. Intraindividual stability in the organization and patterning of behavior: Incorporating psychological situations into the idiographic analysis of personality // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994. Vol. 67,  4. P. 674687.




35


Mischel W., Shoda Y. A cognitive-affective system theory of personality // Psychological Review. 1995. Vol. 102,  2. P. 246268.




36


Fleeson W. Toward a structure- and process-integrated view of personality: Traits as density distributions of states // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2001. Vol. 80,  6. P. 10111027.




37


Roberts B. W., DelVecchio W. F. The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age // Psychological Bulletin. 2000. Vol. 126,  1. P. 325.




38


Roberts B. W., Kuncel N. R., Shiner R., Caspi A., Goldberg L. R. The power of personality // Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2007. Vol. 2,  4. P. 313345.




39


Loewenstein G. Hot-cold empathy gaps and medical decision making // Health Psychology. 2005. Vol. 24,  4 (Suppl.). P. S49S56.




40


Leonhard K. Akzentuierte Pers?nlichkeiten. Berlin: Volk und Gesundheit, 1968. . .:  .  . :  , 1981.




41


 . .      . .: , 1977.




42


 . .,  . . ,      //     . . . . 2010. . 110,  9. . 6468.




43


Roberts B. W., Kuncel N. R., Shiner R., Caspi A., Goldberg L. R. The power of personality // Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2007. Vol. 2,  4. P. 313345.




44


McWilliams N. Psychoanalytic Diagnosis: Understanding Personality Structure in the Clinical Process. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press, 2011.




45


Kernberg O. F. Severe Personality Disorders: Psychotherapeutic Strategies. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.




46


Sapolsky R. M. The influence of social hierarchy on primate health // Science. 2005. Vol. 308,  5722. P. 648652.




47


Sapolsky R. M., Share L. J. A pacific culture among wild baboons: Its emergence and transmission // PLoS Biology. 2004. Vol. 2,  4. e106.




48


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