   
 


   :       50        (),   ,       ,     .





    



  



   , 2026



ISBN 978-5-0071-4264-9

     Ridero




  

  


50     







     ,      ,        ()   .

        :

      .

 /   .

      Ladder Diagram (- , LD),        IEC 611313.        Structured Text (ST).

       .

     . ,  ,      Siemens (TIA Portal / STEP 7,  LAD), Allen-Bradley (Studio 5000 / RSLogix,  Ladder),    (   CODESYS  ISaGRAF,    )    ,  IEC 611313. ,        ,     .

       :

  I.  ( 115)   : , , , ,  .

  II.    ( 1635)  ,  , ,  , -   .

  III.   ( 3650)    (Sequential Function Chart),  , ,   .

  

    ,   -   :       .     ,               .

        :

 Siemens: TIA Portal (  PLCSIM    );

 Allen-Bradley: Studio 5000 +  RSLogix Emulate;

 : CODESYS    CODESYS Control Win.




 0.    


 (  )   ,   :   ?   ?  .     (scan cycle).

   IEC 611313:

 LD (Ladder Diagram)   ,  ,        .    .

 ST (Structured Text)   ,   Pascal,    .

 FBD (Function Block Diagram)   ,  .

 SFC (Sequential Function Chart)        .

  Ladder Diagram:

  | |     (NO)   ,   = 1 (TRUE).

  |/|     (NC)   ,   = 0 (FALSE).

  ()       1,     .

  (S)  /  (R)   Set/Reset     1  0   .

  TON (  ), TOF (  ), TP ().

  CTU (), CTD (), CTUD ().

 ,    .




 I.  ( 115)



 1.     ( )

.  ,   .     .

/:








 (LD):

SB1 HL1

 | |                         ()

.  :  HL1 ,    SB1.      =      ,  .



 2.   ( / Seal-in)

.  SB1  ,  SB2 .   SB1       .

/:








 (LD):

SB1 SB2 KM1

 | |  |/|                   ()

| |

KM1 |

 | |      ?

.    :   SB1     KM1.   KM1 ,    ,    SB2 (       NC- SB2  ).  :   SB2  NO-,     .

 .  Siemens  Allen-Bradley    .  ST     :

KM1:= (SB1 OR KM1) AND NOT SB2;



 3.  : Set/Reset  

.   ,     2,     Set/Reset.

 (LD):

		SB1 KM1
		 | |                         (S)

		SB2 KM1
		 | |                         (R)

. Set (S)  KM1  1        SB1. Reset (R)   0.  :       Set,  Reset,    ,      ( )     Reset.        ,      .



 4.    ( TON)

.        5   ,   .

/:








 (LD):

SB1 T1 (TON, PT=5s)

 | |                     ()



T1.Q HL1

 | |                         ()

.  TON  ,   IN=1 (      SB1).    PT  Q   1.  SB1   5 ,  .



 5.    ( TOF)

.              30   ,   .

/:








 (LD):

SQ1 T1 (TOF, PT=30s)

 | |                     ()



T1.Q HL1

 | |                         ()

. TOF  :  Q  1 ,   IN=1,    IN   0        PT,   .



 6.   (    )

.  -: 1  , 1   ,     SA1.

 (LD,   ):

SA1 T2.Q T1 (TON, PT=1s)

 | |  |/|                ()



T1.Q T2 (TON, PT=1s)

 | |                     ()



T1.Q HL1

 | |                         ()

. T1 ,  SA1   T2   .  1  T1.Q=1,   T2.   1  T2.Q=1,    NC   T1   T1 , T1.Q   0, T2  ,    . HL1   T1.Q,    2 .

  ST (     ):




IF SA1 THEN


Blink_Timer (IN:= NOT Blink_Timer. Q, PT:= T#1s);

HL1:= Blink_Timer. Q;

ELSE
HL1:= FALSE;



END_IF;


 7.     (CTU)

.  SQ1    ().        HL1    10 .  SB1   (,   ).

/:








 (LD):

SQ1 C1 (CTU, PV=10)

 | |      CU                



SB1 R ( C1)

 | |                        



C1.Q HL1

 | |                         ()

.     SQ1      1 ( CU   ,    ).     PV=10,  Q  1.  R    0   CU.



 8.    (R_TRIG)

.     SB1 (  ,   )  HL1           (-, toggle).

 (LD):

SB1 R_TRIG XOR-:

 | |    (CLK)    Q    ?

|

HL1 ()        XOR         (? HL1)

  ST (   ):

R_TRIG_1 (CLK:= SB1);

IF R_TRIG_1.Q THEN

HL1:= NOT HL1;

END_IF;

 R_TRIG           CLK  0  1 ( ).       ,        ,     (    ,   ),   HL1      .




  .


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