 .           .
 


        .   :   .     ,              .         ,       .             ,     .

 ,       ,  .     ,   .     ,     :   ,  ;   ,  .   , , ,          .               ,      ,    .





 

 .           .



 

          

- 





 

 I.    

  

 : ,    

    

 II.    

:      

:     

:    

:        

:       

:  ,     

 III.      

      

 12:  

 34:  

 56: 

 78:    

.     



A.   



B.   ()



C.       



D.     



E.  :     



F.  



 

        .   :   .     ,              .         ,       .             ,     .

 ,       ,  .     ,   .     ,     :   ,  ;   ,  .   , , ,          .               ,      ,    .

      .                      .    ,       ,  ,    ,     ,      .   :         .  ,  ,  ,   , ,     ,   .      ,      .

     .    ,   ,   :  ,     .      ,     ,  ,   .  :         ,      ,    .      ,     ,      .

 ,          ,     . ,       ,      ,     : .      F  .

 ,       ,     .  ,      ,          -.



 I.    

 1.   

    

      ,       ,     ,     -.

    .  , , ,   ,     .    :        .

    .     ,     ,    .       ,     ,    .

    .  ,       .      : , , .

   ,    .  ,  ,      .      :  ,       ,    .

 ,    ,     ,    ,       . ,     ,          ,      . ,     ,              .

  

        ,    .    ,      ,      ,      .       .

           .     ,          .  74   ,            :    0,30 (In'nami, Hijikata, Koizumi, 2022 (https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1337133)).      :      ,    ,     .

         .      ?,    ,     .          .    :      ,             (Cambridge, SSLA (https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/studies-in-second-language-acquisition/article/exploring-the-potential-of-contentembedded-working-memory-capacity-tasks-for-advancing-second-language-acquisition-research/22AFCE89B49E190DE27341BDF9D63A9D)).

     ,  ,  ,  .             .

      ,   ,   ,      .     .  ,  ,  .      ,       3.

     

        .  ,  ,   .      .

     :    ,   ,    ,     .   25         ,  23  25      (Shalehah, Baehaqi, Miftah, 2026 (https://riset.unisma.ac.id/index.php/JREALL/article/download/25562/17895/91706)).     :            ,     ,      (  Cambridge Applied Psycholinguistics (https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0142716425100283)).

  ,       .               ,    ,     (Cambridge Applied Psycholinguistics (https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0142716425100283)). ,  , ,  . ,   , ,  .     ,    ,    .

 ,      ,            :       .

 2.  : ,    

           .    ,    :    ,      .

 1. 

, ,  ,  .  ,    ,         .

     ,   .      ,     ,           ,   ,       ,   (Frontiers in Psychology, PMC (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5432759/)).                  ,       (PMC (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4821602/)).    -    ,   ,    ,             ,        (ScienceDaily    Journal of Neuroscience (https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/12/241205143118.htm)).

   ,     .       :            ,      (SSLA (https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/studies-in-second-language-acquisition/article/abs/sleepdependent-consolidation-of-second-language-grammar-knowledge/D83BA270706A0867EB424CF9FA7A4F16)).   ,   .      .

     .   ,    ,   ,      ,     . ,    ,       ,  .

 2.    

     .   :           .

    .     ,       ,   ,   .     .     ,       .

      :   -,   ,    ,          (PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41788263/)).       .  .

     ?  ,   ,            ,       ,   ,  ,       (Sagarra, Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1286.pub2/full)).         ,    :   ,  ,   .

 3. 

          .        .

 : ,    ,  ,  ,   .   53       g = 0,37 (Educational Psychology Review (https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10648-026-10225-5.pdf)).            :      , ,  , ,   ,   ,      (ERIC (https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1324878.pdf)).

 :         g = 0,20,            (Educational Psychology Review (https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10648-026-10225-5.pdf)).

 :            g = 0,40,       (Educational Psychology Review (https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10648-026-10225-5.pdf)).

     :  ,  .    ,        .       .   g = 0,37  ,      ,     ,   3   20,  ,   14.

          .  26          r = 0,34,      ,     (Uchihara, Webb, Yanagisawa, 2019 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lang.12343)). ,      ,   ,  ,     .

 4. 

   ,       ,     .    ,      ,      .

         ,     ,     ,       .  ,         ,           .      .    :  ,              .

  

   :  ,  ,  ,  .           ,   ,   ,       .

     :        -  ,      .       . ,  ,    ,        .

 3.     

  

    (FSI),    ,       ,       .    ,  ,   , ,   : 88   ,  2200  ,  552690      (Access Multilingual,     (https://accessmultilingual.com/resources/hardest-languages-to-learn-fsi-language-difficulty)).       :     ,   .

    ,  .   ,  ,      .      ,      . ,   ,   .              .

:   

   28 ,   ,             (,  ,  ,  ),     ? ? ? ? ? ?     , -     .    , ,       .  ???      kataba  , kutub   kutiba  .

   ,     ,   ,        .    ,         (PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9949716/)),       ,       ,    (  Journal of Psycholinguistic Research (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10936-026-10214-3)).        :   54   ,     ,        ,          (Al Midhwah, Alhawary, Modern Language Journal (https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/155971/modl12642.pdf?sequence=2)).

       :     ,     ,  ,      .          ,   ,     (Journal of Psycholinguistic Research (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10936-026-10214-3)).

 :    

     ,     .        ,   ,       ,   .  ?-?-?    :

?????? kataba   

????? kitab  

????? katib  , 

??????? maktab   : , 

???????? maktaba  ,  

??????? maktub  , 

 ,  .       ,      .    ???????    ??????? ma?bakh    , ???????? madrasa    , ??????? masjid      , ??????? ma??am    , .    ,      .

            .     ,             ,     : katiba   maktab ,    (Boudelaa, Marslen-Wilson, PMC (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4673575/)).         ,         (University of Haifa (https://cris.haifa.ac.il/en/publications/the-lexical-status-of-the-root-in-processing-morphologically-comp/)).     ,    :          ,    (Boudelaa, Marslen-Wilson, Language and Cognitive Processes (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01690965.2012.719629)).

     ,  :    ,  .           ,       ,     ,  ,    .

:  

   ,     ,   :  ?  ?,  ?,  ? ? ? ?.    ?, ?  ?    ,  ??? qalb   ??? kalb   .    ,    :             .

   ,       ,     ,  ,      .          :         ,       .      D.

:   

 , ,          .  , ,   , ,    .      .    : , , ,      ,            . ?  ???? madha  , ??? eh  , ?? shu    ??? shnu  .    ???? uridu, ???? ?ayiz, ???? biddi, ???? bghit.

  ,      :                     (Journal of Psycholinguistic Research (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10936-026-10214-3)).         :     ,            .  ,         .

    ,      .   ,      .    ,      .

 

      ,          .      .    - .   -     .   -     .   -  .   -     .   - .        : , , , , ,   .



 II.    

 4. :      



  ,        ,        .           ,    :    ,               .      ,    ,      . ,   :     ,    ,           .  .  ,   -  .

             1.       ,     ,     .   ,    .    .    ,     .



         ,       .        : ,   .         .

 ,  ,     ?????.    .   ,   : ?         , ?       ? , ?       ,     ?       ?   .   ,   ,   .   .  ,      ,    .          ,    .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/iurii-shvets-34132078/emkost-vnimaniia-kak-nauchit-mozg-vmeshchat-bol-she-na-opyte-74732898/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .


