50 базовых уроков английского для начинающих. Пошаговое освоение грамматики, слов и фраз для повседневного общения

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How does the neighborhood feel in the evening?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
There is a park near my house.
There are many trees in the park.
There is not a big shop here.
Is there a bus stop near the building?
Are there any cafés in this street?
Exercise 2
b) are
c) some
c) Is
Exercise 3
There is a small park near the main character’s house. It is close and easy to visit.
In the park, there are many trees and flowers. There is also fresh air.
No, there are not many people in both cafés. One café is popular, and the other is quiet.
It is easy to travel because there is a bus stop near the building. Public transport is close.
In the evening, the neighborhood feels calm and peaceful. There is comfort in the air.
Mini Tip
При описании места начинайте предложения с There is / There are —
это помогает сразу показать, что именно есть в этом месте.
Урок 6. My Home
Prepositions of place
Grammar Focus
Предлоги места используются, чтобы показать, где находится предмет или человек. Они обычно стоят после глагола и перед существительным.
Основные предлоги места для начинающих:
in – в, внутри
Используется, когда предмет находится внутри ограниченного пространства.
The book is in the bag. – Книга в сумке.
She is in the room. – Она в комнате.
I live in a small apartment. – Я живу в маленькой квартире.
on – на, на поверхности
The cup is on the table. – Чашка на столе.
The picture is on the wall. – Картина на стене.
My phone is on the desk. – Мой телефон на столе.
under – под
The cat is under the table. – Кот под столом.
The bag is under the chair. – Сумка под стулом.
near – рядом, около
The park is near my house. – Парк рядом с моим домом.
The shop is near the school. – Магазин рядом со школой.
next to – рядом, непосредственно возле
The sofa is next to the window. – Диван рядом с окном.
She sits next to me. – Она сидит рядом со мной.
behind – за
The garden is behind the house. – Сад за домом.
The chair is behind the desk. – Стул за столом.
in front of – перед
The car is in front of the house. – Машина перед домом.
The table is in front of the sofa. – Стол перед диваном.
Важно помнить:
Предлог зависит от положения предмета, а не от глагола.
Story: My Home
My home is small, but it is comfortable. I live in an apartment in the city. When you enter the apartment, there is a hall in front of you. The kitchen is on the left, and the living room is next to it.
In the living room, there is a sofa near the window. A small table is in front of the sofa, and a lamp is on the table. There is a picture on the wall, and a plant is next to the sofa. The carpet is under the table.
The bedroom is behind the living room. The bed is in the center of the room, and a chair is next to it. My books are on a shelf near the bed. My bag is under the chair.
I like my home because everything is in its place. It is quiet and warm, and I feel relaxed there after a long day.
Useful Words and Expressions
home – дом
apartment – квартира
comfortable – удобный
enter – входить
hall – прихожая
kitchen – кухня
living room – гостиная
sofa – диван
window – окно
lamp – лампа
wall – стена
plant – растение
bedroom – спальня
shelf – полка
center – центр
place – место
Exercises
Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks
The book is ___ the table.
The cat is ___ the chair.
The sofa is ___ to the window.
The picture is ___ the wall.
The garden is ___ the house.
Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer
The lamp is ___ the table.
a) in
b) on
c) under
The chair is ___ the desk.
a) next
b) behind
c) near to
My bag is ___ the chair.
a) under
b) on
c) in front
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
Where is the kitchen in the apartment?
What is in front of the sofa?
Where is the plant?
Where are the books?
Why does the main character like the home?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
The book is on the table.
The cat is under the chair.
The sofa is next to the window.
The picture is on the wall.
The garden is behind the house.
Exercise 2
b) on
b) behind
a) under
Exercise 3
The kitchen is on the left when you enter the apartment. It is near the living room.
A small table is in front of the sofa. It has a lamp on it.
The plant is next to the sofa. It is near the window.
The books are on a shelf near the bed. They are in the bedroom.
The main character likes the home because it is comfortable and quiet. Everything is in its place.
Mini Tip
Учите предлоги места через визуальные образы:
представляйте комнату и мысленно размещайте предметы.
Урок 7. I Am Studying English
Present Continuous
Grammar Focus
Present Continuous используется для описания действий, которые происходят прямо сейчас, в данный момент, или временно.
Форма Present Continuous образуется с помощью глагола to be в настоящем времени и смыслового глагола с окончанием -ing.
Формула:
am / is / are + verb + ing
Примеры:
I am studying English now. – Я сейчас учу английский.
She is reading a book. – Она читает книгу.
He is working at the moment. – Он сейчас работает.
We are learning new words. – Мы изучаем новые слова.
They are watching a film. – Они смотрят фильм.
Отрицательные предложения:
I am not studying now. – Я сейчас не учусь.
She is not listening. – Она не слушает.
They are not working today. – Они сегодня не работают.
Вопросительные предложения:
Am I doing it right? – Я делаю это правильно?
Is she studying English? – Она учит английский?
Are they talking now? – Они сейчас разговаривают?
Важно помнить:
Present Continuous часто используется со словами now, at the moment, right now, today.
Story: I Am Studying English
I am sitting at my desk, and I am studying English. The room is quiet, and I am feeling focused. I am reading a short text and writing new words in my notebook. I am not rushing, because I want to understand everything clearly.
My phone is on the table, but I am not using it. I am listening to an audio lesson, and I am repeating the sentences slowly. At the moment, learning English is my main task.
Outside, people are walking and talking, but I am staying at home. I am drinking tea and enjoying the process. My mind is working, and I am making progress step by step.
Today, I am not working or meeting friends. I am spending time with my books and my thoughts. I know this moment is important. I am learning, I am improving, and I am moving forward with confidence.
Useful Words and Expressions
study – учиться
sit – сидеть
desk – письменный стол
focus – концентрация
read – читать
write – писать
notebook – тетрадь
listen – слушать
repeat – повторять
slowly – медленно
moment – момент
stay at home – оставаться дома
drink tea – пить чай
progress – прогресс
improve – улучшаться
move forward – двигаться вперёд
Exercises
Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks
I ___ studying English now.
She ___ reading a book at the moment.
They ___ not watching TV.
We ___ learning new words today.
___ he listening to the lesson?
Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer
I am ___ to music now.
a) listen
b) listening
c) listens
She is ___ tea.
a) drink
b) drinking
c) drinks
___ they working today?
a) Do
b) Are
c) Is
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
What is the main character doing right now?
Is the main character using the phone?
What is the main character listening to?
Why is the main character staying at home today?
How does the main character feel about learning English?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
I am studying English now.
She is reading a book at the moment.
They are not watching TV.
We are learning new words today.
Is he listening to the lesson?
Exercise 2
b) listening
b) drinking
b) Are
Exercise 3
The main character is studying English at the moment. The character is focused on learning.
No, the main character is not using the phone. The phone is on the table.
The main character is listening to an audio lesson. The sentences are repeated slowly.
The main character is staying at home to study English. Learning is the main task today.
The main character feels confident and motivated. Learning English feels important and enjoyable.
Mini Tip
Чтобы почувствовать Present Continuous, задавайте себе вопрос:
«Что я делаю прямо сейчас?»
Ответ почти всегда будет в этом времени.
Урок 8. What Are You Doing Now?
Present Continuous vs Present Simple
Grammar Focus
Present Continuous и Present Simple иногда используются вместе, но для разных целей:
Present Continuous описывает действия, происходящие прямо сейчас или временно.
Формула: am / is / are + verb + ing
Примеры:
I am reading a book now. – Я сейчас читаю книгу.
She is drinking tea at the moment. – Она пьёт чай в данный момент.
Present Simple описывает регулярные действия, привычки и факты.
Формула: subject + base verb (he/she/it + s/es)
Примеры:
I read books every evening. – Я читаю книги каждый вечер.
She drinks tea every morning. – Она пьёт чай каждое утро.
Разница в использовании:
Present Continuous: сейчас, прямо в момент речи, временные действия.
Present Simple: регулярно, обычно, каждый день, факты.
Отрицания и вопросы строятся отдельно:
Present Continuous: I am not reading. / Are you reading?
Present Simple: I do not read. / Do you read?
Важно: в Present Continuous не добавляем -s к глаголу в третьем лице, а в Present Simple обязательно добавляем -s или -es.
Story: What Are You Doing Now?
It is Saturday morning, and I am sitting at my desk. I am drinking coffee and listening to music. My brother is cleaning his room, and my sister is reading a book. Outside, the sun is shining, and people are walking in the street. I am not going outside today because I want to study English.
Usually, I study English every evening. I read texts, write new words in my notebook, and repeat sentences aloud. Today is different. I am studying in the morning because I have more free time. My routine usually starts at seven o’clock, but today I am starting later. My family is busy with their activities, and I am enjoying this quiet moment alone.
I know that learning English every day is important. Present Continuous shows what is happening now, but Present Simple shows what usually happens. I am learning, and I am practicing both forms to improve my English.
Useful Words and Expressions
Saturday – суббота
morning – утро
desk – письменный стол
coffee – кофе
listen – слушать
music – музыка
clean – убирать
book – книга
sun – солнце
walk – гулять
outside – снаружи
study – учиться
text – текст
notebook – тетрадь
repeat – повторять
aloud – вслух
routine – распорядок
usually – обычно
moment – момент
practice – практиковать
improve – улучшать
Exercises
Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks
I ___ reading a book now.
She ___ tea every morning.
They ___ playing football at the moment.
He usually ___ his homework in the evening.
We ___ not listening to music now.
Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer
My sister ___ studying English today.
a) is
b) are
c) do
I usually ___ breakfast at seven o’clock.
a) have
b) am having
c) has
___ you doing your exercises now?
a) Do
b) Are
c) Is
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
What is the main character doing right now?
What are the brother and sister doing?
Why is the main character not going outside?
When does the main character usually study English?
What is the difference between Present Continuous and Present Simple in the story?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
I am reading a book now.
She drinks tea every morning.
They are playing football at the moment.
He usually does his homework in the evening.
We are not listening to music now.
Exercise 2
a) is
a) have
b) Are
Exercise 3
The main character is drinking coffee, listening to music, and studying English right now.
The brother is cleaning his room, and the sister is reading a book.
The main character is not going outside because they want to study English.
The main character usually studies English every evening, but today they study in the morning.
Present Continuous shows what is happening now, while Present Simple shows what happens regularly or usually.
Mini Tip
Чтобы различать Present Continuous и Present Simple, задавайте два вопроса:
«Что я делаю прямо сейчас?» → Present Continuous
«Что я делаю обычно?» → Present Simple
Урок 9. I Can Do It!
Modal verb: can / can’t (ability)
Grammar Focus
Can – модальный глагол, который используется, чтобы выразить способность или умение что-то делать.
Can’t используется для отрицания – когда что-то невозможно или человек не умеет это делать.
Форма предложения:
Утверждение: subject + can + base verb
Отрицание: subject + can’t + base verb
Вопрос: Can + subject + base verb?
Примеры:
I can swim. – Я умею плавать.
She can play the piano. – Она умеет играть на пианино.
We can speak English. – Мы можем говорить по-английски.
I can’t drive a car. – Я не умею водить машину.
He can’t cook well. – Он плохо готовит.
They can’t come today. – Они не могут прийти сегодня.
Can you help me? – Ты можешь помочь мне?
Can she play the guitar? – Она умеет играть на гитаре?
Важно помнить:
После can / can’t глагол всегда в начальной форме.
Can не изменяется по лицам.
Story: I Can Do It!
Today is a special day. I want to learn new things. I can ride a bicycle, but I can’t ride a skateboard. My brother can ride a skateboard, and he can also play football very well. My sister can cook simple meals, but she can’t swim.
At school, we are practicing new skills. I can draw, but I can’t sing well. Some of my friends can play musical instruments, and some can’t. We learn to support each other and say: «Don’t worry, you can do it!»
In the afternoon, I try new exercises. I can write small sentences in English, and I can read short texts. I can’t solve difficult problems yet, but I am practicing every day. My parents tell me: «You can do it! Keep trying.»
I know that everyone has abilities and limitations. Can and can’t help us talk about them clearly. Today I learned that I can do many things, and I can improve the things I can’t do yet.
Useful Words and Expressions
can – мочь, уметь
can’t – не мочь, не уметь
ride a bicycle – кататься на велосипеде
ride a skateboard – кататься на скейтборде
play football – играть в футбол
cook – готовить
swim – плавать
draw – рисовать
sing – петь
write – писать
read – читать
solve problems – решать задачи
learn – учиться
skill – навык
ability – способность
limit – ограничение
practice – практиковаться
keep trying – продолжать пытаться
Exercises
Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks
I ___ ride a bicycle.
She ___ swim.
My brother ___ play football well.
We ___ solve difficult problems yet.
___ you help me?
Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer
He ___ cook simple meals.
a) can
b) can’t
c) do
I ___ play the piano, but I can sing.
a) can’t
b) do
c) can
___ they ride a skateboard?
a) Can
b) Do
c) Are
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
What can the main character do?
What can’t the main character do?
What can the brother do?
What advice do the parents give?
Why is it important to use can and can’t?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
I can ride a bicycle.
She can’t swim.
My brother can play football well.
We can’t solve difficult problems yet.
Can you help me?
Exercise 2
a) can
a) can’t
a) Can
Exercise 3
The main character can ride a bicycle, draw, write small sentences in English, and read short texts.
The main character can’t ride a skateboard, sing well, or solve difficult problems yet.
The brother can ride a skateboard and play football very well.
The parents advise: «You can do it! Keep trying.»
Can and can’t are important to talk about abilities and limitations clearly.
Mini Tip
Чтобы быстро использовать can / can’t, думайте так: «Могу я это сделать?» → Can
«Не могу я это сделать?» → Can’t
Урок 10. Every Day and Right Now
Adverbs of frequency
Grammar Focus
Наречия частоты (adverbs of frequency) показывают, как часто происходит действие. Они помогают отличать регулярные действия от действий, происходящих сейчас.
Основные наречия частоты:
always – всегда
usually – обычно
often – часто
sometimes – иногда
rarely – редко
never – никогда
Правила использования:
Наречие ставится перед основным глаголом, но после глагола to be.
Примеры:
I always read books in the evening. – Я всегда читаю книги вечером.
She usually drinks tea in the morning. – Она обычно пьёт чай утром.
We often go to the park. – Мы часто ходим в парк.
He sometimes plays football. – Он иногда играет в футбол.
They rarely watch TV. – Они редко смотрят телевизор.
I am always happy. – Я всегда счастлив. (здесь «am» – глагол to be)
Наречия времени «right now» и «at the moment» показывают, что действие происходит прямо сейчас. В таких случаях используется Present Continuous:
I am reading a book right now. – Я читаю книгу прямо сейчас.
She is drinking tea at the moment. – Она пьёт чай в данный момент.
Важно:
Наречия частоты показывают регулярность.
Right now и at the moment показывают моментальное действие.
Story: Every Day and Right Now
I study English every day. Usually, I start at seven o’clock in the morning. I always read a text, write new words in my notebook, and sometimes listen to an audio lesson. My brother often plays football in the afternoon. My sister rarely watches TV, but she usually reads books.
Today is different. Right now, I am sitting at my desk and drinking tea. My brother is playing football outside, and my sister is reading a new story. We are enjoying this moment. Normally, we follow our routine, but today we are focused on our own activities.
Every day, our family spends time together. We sometimes go to the park, and we always help each other. I know that learning English every day is important, but right now, I am practicing my listening skills and writing sentences. Both habits – daily practice and focusing right now – are useful to improve English.
Useful Words and Expressions
every day – каждый день
always – всегда
usually – обычно
often – часто
sometimes – иногда
rarely – редко
never – никогда
right now – прямо сейчас
at the moment – в данный момент
study – учиться
read – читать
write – писать
listen – слушать
audio lesson – аудиоурок
desk – стол
tea – чай
routine – распорядок
focus – сосредоточиться
improve – улучшать
Exercises
Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks
I ___ read books every day.
She ___ drinks coffee in the morning.
They ___ watch TV.
My brother is playing football ___.
I am studying English ___.
Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer
I ___ go to the park on Sundays.
a) always
b) at the moment
c) right now
She ___ listens to music in the evening.
a) sometimes
b) never
c) am
___ he reading a book?
a) Does
b) Is
c) Do
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
What does the main character usually do every day?
What is happening right now in the story?
How often does the sister watch TV?
What does the family do together every day?
Why is it important to combine daily habits and focusing on the present?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
I always read books every day.
She usually drinks coffee in the morning.
They rarely watch TV.
My brother is playing football right now.
I am studying English at the moment.
Exercise 2
a) always
a) sometimes
b) Is
Exercise 3
The main character usually reads a text, writes new words, and sometimes listens to an audio lesson every day.
Right now, the main character is sitting at the desk, drinking tea, the brother is playing football, and the sister is reading.
The sister rarely watches TV.
Every day, the family sometimes goes to the park and always helps each other.
Daily habits improve skills over time, and focusing on the present helps practice effectively in the moment.
Mini Tip
Чтобы запомнить наречия частоты, можно представить шкалу: always → usually → often → sometimes → rarely → never.
Урок 11. Yesterday Was a Good Day
Past Simple: to be
Grammar Focus
Глагол to be в Past Simple используется, чтобы рассказать о событиях в прошлом или описать состояние/ситуацию вчера, на прошлой неделе и т. д.
Формы глагола to be в Past Simple:
was – для первого и третьего лица единственного числа (I, he, she, it)
were – для второго лица единственного числа и всех лиц во множественном числе (you, we, they)
Утвердительные предложения:



