Английский язык для продолжающих. От уровня B1 к уверенной коммуникации на B2

Grammar Focus

Present Perfect Continuous используется для:

Действий, которые начались в прошлом и продолжаются до настоящего момента.

Действий, которые только что закончились, но важен их результат или длительность.

Акцента на процессе действия, а не на результате.

Формула:

Subject + have / has + been + verb + -ing

Examples:

I have been working here for three years. – Я работаю здесь уже три года.

She has been reading that book all morning. – Она читает эту книгу всё утро.

Слова-маркеры, которые часто используются:

for, since, all morning/day/week, lately, recently

Сравнение с Present Perfect:

Present Perfect: акцент на результате. I have finished the report.

Present Perfect Continuous: акцент на процессе. I have been working on the report for two hours.

Story

Sophie has been preparing for an important presentation all week. She has been researching the market, analyzing data, and writing slides. Her colleagues have noticed her dedication and hard work.

Since Monday, Sophie has been arriving at the office earlier than usual. She has been checking emails and making notes before the official meetings start. The team has been watching her progress closely because the presentation is crucial for the company’s new project.

This morning, Sophie has been reviewing the slides again. She has been thinking about how to explain complex ideas clearly and simply. While she has been doing this, her manager has been giving her some helpful advice. Sophie feels more confident because she has been practicing her speech and preparing carefully.

By the end of the week, Sophie will deliver the presentation. She believes that all her effort and time spent preparing will pay off. Looking back, she can see how much she has improved since the beginning of the project.

Useful Words and Expressions

to prepare for a presentation – готовиться к презентации

all week – всю неделю

to research the market – исследовать рынок

analyzing data – анализировать данные

slides – слайды

dedication – усердие, преданность

arriving earlier – приходить раньше

to check emails – проверять почту

making notes – делать заметки

official meeting – официальное совещание

crucial – решающий, важный

to review slides – проверять слайды

to explain clearly – объяснять ясно

helpful advice – полезный совет

to feel confident – чувствовать уверенность

to deliver a presentation – проводить презентацию

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks

Sophie ___ (prepare) for the presentation all week.

She ___ (research) the market and analyzing data.

Her manager ___ (give) some helpful advice while she was reviewing slides.

She feels confident because she ___ (practice) her speech carefully.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option

I have been working / worked here for five years.

She has been reading / read this book all morning.

They have been watching / watched Sophie’s progress closely.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions

What tasks have you been working on recently?

Have you been learning any new skills this month?

How long have you been studying English?

Has anyone been helping you with your projects lately?

What have you been doing to improve your daily routine?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

has been preparing

has been researching

has been giving

has been practicing

Exercise 2

have been working

has been reading

have been watching

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

I have been working on a report for my company this week. It requires attention to detail.

Yes, I have been learning how to use a new software program. It is challenging but useful.

I have been studying English for three years. I practice every day to improve.

Yes, my colleague has been helping me with some tasks recently. It makes my work easier.

I have been organizing my schedule and planning tasks to improve my daily routine.

Mini Tips

Используй Present Perfect Continuous, когда важен процесс действия и его длительность.

Маркеры времени: for, since, all morning, lately, recently.

Отличие от Present Perfect: результат vs процесс.

Grammar Focus

Past Perfect используется для:

Действий, которые произошли до другого события в прошлом.

Подчёркивания предшествования или завершённости действия.

Формула:

Subject + had + past participle (V3)

Examples:

She had finished the report before the meeting started. – Она закончила отчёт до начала совещания.

By the time they arrived, the manager had left. – К тому времени, как они пришли, менеджер уже ушёл.

Слова-маркеры, которые часто используются:

before, after, by the time, already, just

Сравнение с Past Simple:

Past Simple: действие произошло в прошлом. I finished the report yesterday.

Past Perfect: действие произошло раньше другого события в прошлом. I had finished the report before the meeting started.

Story

Last week, Julia had planned to finish all her tasks by Friday. She had prepared reports, scheduled meetings, and checked all emails in advance. By Thursday evening, she felt confident because she had completed almost everything.

On Friday morning, Julia arrived at the office and realized that the printer was broken. She had not printed the documents for the meeting yet. Fortunately, her colleague had already prepared extra copies, so the meeting went smoothly.

During the meeting, Julia noticed that one of the clients had changed the requirements. She had not expected this change, but she quickly adapted. By the end of the day, Julia reflected on the week. She realized that careful preparation had helped her manage unexpected situations effectively.

Looking back, Julia understood that planning ahead and completing tasks before deadlines had made her work easier. She felt proud of her achievements and ready for the challenges of the next week.

Useful Words and Expressions

to plan tasks – планировать задачи

by Friday – к пятнице

to prepare reports – готовить отчёты

to schedule meetings – назначать встречи

to check emails – проверять почту

almost everything – почти всё

fortunately – к счастью

extra copies – дополнительные копии

client – клиент

to change requirements – изменить требования

to adapt quickly – быстро адаптироваться

by the end of the day – к концу дня

to reflect on – обдумывать, подводить итоги

careful preparation – тщательная подготовка

unexpected situations – неожиданные ситуации

to feel proud – чувствовать гордость

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks

Julia ___ (prepare) reports and schedule meetings by Thursday.

She realized that she ___ (not print) the documents yet.

Her colleague ___ (already prepare) extra copies for the meeting.

By the end of the week, Julia ___ (understand) the importance of planning ahead.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option

She had finished / finished the report before the meeting started.

By the time Julia arrived / had arrived, the printer had broken.

She quickly adapted because she had / has prepared well.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions

Have you ever prepared something important before a deadline?

Did you face any unexpected problems recently?

How did planning ahead help you in your work or studies?

By the end of last week, what had you completed?

How do you feel after finishing important tasks before the deadline?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

had prepared

had not printed

had already prepared

had understood

Exercise 2

had finished

arrived

had

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

Yes, I prepared a project report before the deadline. It helped me stay calm and organized.

Yes, I faced unexpected problems during the project. Careful planning made them easier to handle.

Planning ahead helped me manage my time and avoid stress. I could focus on important tasks.

By the end of last week, I had completed all my assignments and reviewed important notes.

I feel satisfied and confident after finishing tasks ahead of time. It motivates me to keep working efficiently.

Mini Tips

Past Perfect подчёркивает, что действие произошло раньше другого события в прошлом.

Слова-маркеры: before, after, by the time, already, just.

Часто используется в рассказах и описании последовательности событий.

Grammar Focus

В английском языке есть разные формы будущего времени, чтобы подчеркнуть процесс действия или завершённость действия к определённому моменту.

1. Future Continuous

Используется для:

действий, которые будут происходить в определённый момент в будущем;

описания фона будущих событий.

Формула:

Subject + will + be + verb + -ing

Examples:

At 10 a.m. tomorrow, I will be attending a meeting. – Завтра в 10 утра я буду на встрече.

She will be working late next Friday. – Она будет работать допоздна в следующую пятницу.

Слова-маркеры: at this time tomorrow, next week, soon

2. Future Perfect

Используется для:

действий, которые будут завершены к определённому моменту в будущем;

подчеркивания результата в будущем.

Формула:

Subject + will + have + past participle (V3)

Examples:

By 5 p.m., I will have finished the report. – К 17:00 я закончу отчёт.

She will have completed all tasks by next Monday. – Она завершит все задачи к следующему понедельнику.

Слова-маркеры: by, by the time, before, already

Сравнение:

Future Continuous: процесс действия. I will be working at 9 a.m.

Future Perfect: результат действия. I will have worked for three hours by 9 a.m.

Story

Next Monday, Mark will be attending a conference in another city. At 9 a.m., he will be giving a short presentation to the participants. During the morning, he will be answering questions and discussing important topics with colleagues.

Meanwhile, his assistant will be preparing documents and checking emails at the office. By the time Mark returns in the evening, all reports will have been submitted, and the office will be ready for the next week.

Mark has already planned his schedule carefully. By 12 p.m., he will have met with three key clients. At 3 p.m., he will be joining a workshop on new technologies. He feels confident because all tasks will have been organized in advance.

Looking ahead, Mark knows that the day will be busy, but he enjoys planning and managing his responsibilities. He believes that attending the conference and completing his tasks on time will have a positive impact on his career.

Useful Words and Expressions

to attend a conference – посещать конференцию

at 9 a.m. – в 9 утра

to give a presentation – делать презентацию

participants – участники

to answer questions – отвечать на вопросы

to discuss topics – обсуждать темы

meanwhile – тем временем

to prepare documents – готовить документы

to check emails – проверять почту

by the time – к тому времени

to submit reports – сдавать отчёты

workshop – семинар

new technologies – новые технологии

to plan a schedule – планировать расписание

to manage responsibilities – управлять обязанностями

to have a positive impact – оказывать положительное влияние

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks

At 9 a.m., Mark ___ (give) a presentation.

By 5 p.m., all reports ___ (submit).

During the morning, he ___ (answer) questions and discuss topics.

By 12 p.m., he ___ (meet) with three key clients.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option

Tomorrow at 10 a.m., I will be / will have attending the meeting.

By next Monday, she will be / will have completed all tasks.

At this time tomorrow, we will be / will have working on the project.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions

What will you be doing at this time tomorrow?

By the end of the week, what will you have completed?

Have you ever planned your tasks carefully for a busy day?

Who will be helping you with your responsibilities in the near future?

How do you feel when you complete tasks on time?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

will be giving

will have been submitted

will be answering

will have met

Exercise 2

will be

will have

will be

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

Tomorrow at this time, I will be working on a report for my company.

By the end of the week, I will have completed all my assignments and checked emails.

Yes, I have planned my tasks carefully. It helps me manage time efficiently.

My colleagues will be helping me with some tasks next week. It makes work easier.

I feel satisfied and confident when I complete tasks on time. It motivates me to stay organized.

Mini Tips

Future Continuous = процесс действия в будущем.

Future Perfect = результат, завершение действия к конкретному моменту.

Маркеры: at this time tomorrow, by, by the time, before.

Grammar Focus

Time expressions помогают понять, какое время использовать в предложении. Разные маркеры часто связаны с определёнными временами:

1. Present Simple

Маркеры: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/week/year

Example:

I usually wake up at 7 a.m. – Я обычно встаю в 7 утра.

2. Present Continuous

Маркеры: now, at the moment, today, this week, currently

Example:

She is studying English at the moment. – Она сейчас учит английский.

3. Present Perfect

Маркеры: already, just, yet, ever, never, so far, recently

Example:

I have just finished my homework. – Я только что закончил домашнее задание.

4. Present Perfect Continuous

Маркеры: for, since, all morning/day/week, lately, recently

Example:

We have been working on this project all week. – Мы работаем над этим проектом всю неделю.

5. Past Simple

Маркеры: yesterday, last week/year, ago, in 2010, when I was a child

Example:

I visited Paris last summer. – Я посетил Париж прошлым летом.

6. Past Continuous

Маркеры: while, when, as, at that moment

Example:

I was reading a book when the phone rang. – Я читал книгу, когда зазвонил телефон.

7. Past Perfect

Маркеры: before, after, by the time, already, just

Example:

She had left before I arrived. – Она ушла до того, как я пришёл.

8. Future Forms

Will: in the future, tomorrow, next week, I think, probably

Going to: soon, in a few days, already planned, looks like

Future Continuous: at this time tomorrow, next week, soon

Future Perfect: by, by the time, before, already

Example:

By 6 p.m., I will have finished my work. – К 18:00 я закончу работу.

Совет: Сначала определяй временной маркер, затем подбирай время для глагола.

Story

Olivia keeps a detailed planner to manage her daily life. She usually wakes up at 6:30 a.m. and has breakfast before starting work. At the moment, she is reading emails from clients. She has already replied to urgent messages and has just prepared a report for her manager.

This week, Olivia has been working on a large project. Since Monday, she has been analyzing data and discussing solutions with her team. Yesterday, she attended a meeting where new deadlines were assigned. By the time she left the office, she had completed most of her tasks.

Next week, she will be traveling to another city for a conference. By Friday, she will have presented her project results to key stakeholders. Olivia feels confident because careful planning and understanding of time expressions help her stay organized and productive.

Useful Words and Expressions

daily planner – ежедневник

usually – обычно

at the moment – в данный момент

urgent messages – срочные сообщения

report – отчёт

since Monday – с понедельника

large project – крупный проект

deadlines – сроки

by the time – к тому времени

key stakeholders – ключевые участники

traveling – путешествовать

conference – конференция

to stay organized – оставаться организованным

productive – продуктивный

careful planning – тщательное планирование

Exercises

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks

Olivia usually ___ (wake up) at 6:30 a.m.

She ___ (read) emails at the moment.

Since Monday, she ___ (work) on a large project.

By Friday, she ___ (present) her project results.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct option

I have been / did working on this task all week.

By the time he arrived / had arrived, the meeting started.

She is / has been checking emails at the moment.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions

What do you usually do in the morning?

Have you recently worked on a big project?

What were you doing yesterday at this time?

What tasks will you complete by the end of the week?

How do time expressions help you choose the correct verb tense?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

wakes up

is reading

has been working

will have presented

Exercise 2

have been

arrived

is

Exercise 3 (sample answers)

I usually have breakfast and check my emails in the morning.

Yes, I have recently worked on a school project that required research and analysis.

Yesterday at this time, I was reading a book at home.

By the end of the week, I will have completed all my assignments and reviewed my notes.

Time expressions indicate whether the action is ongoing, completed, or planned, helping me choose the correct tense.

Mini Tips

Сначала ищи временной маркер – он почти всегда определяет время глагола.

Маркеры делятся на категории: настоящее, прошлое, будущее, длительное, завершённое.

Используй таблицу маркеров и времен для быстрого выбора глагольной формы.

Grammar Focus

Narrative tenses – это времена, которые обычно используются для рассказа о событиях в прошлом. Они помогают правильно передавать последовательность действий и оттенки времени.

1. Past Simple

Действия, которые произошли и завершились в прошлом.

Маркеры: yesterday, last week, in 2010, ago

Example:

I visited London last summer. – Я посетил Лондон прошлым летом.

2. Past Continuous

Действия, которые происходили в определённый момент в прошлом, часто для создания фона.

Маркеры: while, when, as, at that moment

Example:

I was reading a book when the phone rang. – Я читал книгу, когда зазвонил телефон.

3. Past Perfect

Действия, которые произошли до другого события в прошлом.

Маркеры: before, after, by the time, already, just

Example:

She had finished the report before the meeting started. – Она закончила отчёт до начала совещания.

4. Past Perfect Continuous

Действия, которые длились до определённого момента в прошлом, с акцентом на процесс.

Маркеры: for, since, all day, all week

Example:

I had been working all day before he called. – Я работал весь день, прежде чем он позвонил.

Совет:

Past Perfect / Past Perfect Continuous помогают показать последовательность событий.

Past Simple / Past Continuous описывают основное действие и фон.

Story

Last Saturday, Anna had planned to spend a quiet day at home. She had already cleaned the apartment and done the laundry before 10 a.m. At 10:30, she was reading a new book when her friend called. They decided to meet at a café in the city.

While Anna was walking to the café, it started to rain. She had forgotten her umbrella at home, so she got completely wet. By the time she arrived, her friend had already ordered coffee and some pastries. They spent the morning talking about work, hobbies, and recent travels.