Подготовка к ОГЭ по английскому языку. Практикуем лексику по темам кодификатора

1. Story

Anna is a fourteen-year-old girl who lives with her parents and her younger brother. She has a friendly family, but sometimes they have misunderstandings. Anna tries to get along well with everyone, but it is not always easy.

Her parents care about her a lot and always support her in difficult situations. They believe that family members should trust each other and help each other. Anna understands this, but she sometimes feels that her parents do not understand her problems at school.

Anna also has a best friend named Kate. They have known each other for many years and share many interests. They usually spend their free time together, talk about their feelings, and support each other. Anna believes that true friendship is based on honesty, trust, and respect.

One day Anna had an argument with her brother about household duties. She was angry and upset, but later she realized that conflicts are a normal part of family life. She decided to apologize and find a compromise. After that, the atmosphere at home became calm again.

Anna thinks that good relationships with family and friends make life happier. She believes that it is important to listen to others, forgive mistakes, and show care. In her opinion, strong relationships help people feel confident and safe.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to get along well – хорошо ладить

family members – члены семьи

to care about someone – заботиться о ком-то

to support each other – поддерживать друг друга

in difficult situations – в трудных ситуациях

to trust someone – доверять кому-то

to share interests – иметь общие интересы

to spend free time together – проводить свободное время вместе

to talk about feelings – говорить о чувствах

true friendship – настоящая дружба

to be based on – основываться на

honesty and respect – честность и уважение

to have an argument – поссориться

household duties – домашние обязанности

to feel angry and upset – чувствовать злость и расстройство

to realize something – осознать что-то

a normal part of life – нормальная часть жизни

to apologize – извиниться

to find a compromise – найти компромисс

the atmosphere at home – атмосфера дома

to forgive mistakes – прощать ошибки

to show care – проявлять заботу

to feel confident and safe – чувствовать себя уверенно и безопасно

to misunderstand – неправильно понять

relationships matter – отношения имеют значение

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

to get along well

to trust someone

household duties

to apologize

to find a compromise

to support each other

true friendship

to forgive mistakes

a) прощать ошибки

b) домашние обязанности

c) доверять кому-то

d) извиниться

e) хорошо ладить

f) поддерживать друг друга

g) настоящая дружба

h) найти компромисс

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

get along well, trust, argument, support, apologize, compromise, care about, free time

Anna tries to __________ with all her family members.

Her parents always __________ her when she has problems.

Anna believes that friends should __________ each other.

She had an __________ with her brother about household duties.

After the conflict, she decided to __________ for her behaviour.

They managed to find a __________ and solve the problem.

True friends __________ each other’s feelings.

Anna likes to spend her __________ with her best friend.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

Who are the people you get along with best in your family?

What qualities are important for true friendship?

How do you usually solve conflicts with friends or family members?

Do you think it is important to apologize after an argument? Why?

How do good relationships influence a person’s life?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – e

2 – c

3 – b

4 – d

5 – h

6 – f

7 – g

8 – a

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

get along well

support

trust

argument

apologize

compromise

care about

free time

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Who are the people you get along with best in your family?

I get along best with my mother because we share similar interests and always help each other. We also talk a lot about our feelings and understand each other very well.

What qualities are important for true friendship?

I think the most important qualities for true friendship are honesty, trust, and respect. A true friend should always be there for you and never lie or betray your trust.

How do you usually solve conflicts with friends or family members?

When I have a conflict with a friend or family member, I try to talk to them calmly, listen to their point of view, and find a compromise. Apologizing if I made a mistake is also very important to me.

Do you think it is important to apologize after an argument? Why?

Yes, I believe it is very important to apologize after an argument because it shows that you care about the other person and want to resolve the issue. Apologizing helps to rebuild trust and calm the situation.

How do good relationships influence a person’s life?

Good relationships make people feel safe, confident, and happy. They provide emotional support and make it easier to deal with life’s challenges. Having strong relationships with family and friends helps to feel connected and loved.

1. Story

Anna and Kate have been best friends for many years. They have shared many happy moments, but like any close friends, they sometimes have conflicts. The last conflict happened because Kate was late for their meeting. Anna had been waiting for her at the café for almost an hour, and she felt very frustrated. She didn’t understand why Kate didn’t call to explain that she would be late.

When Kate arrived, she immediately saw that Anna was upset. Kate apologized for being late and explained that she had a family emergency. She didn’t want to make Anna angry, but she forgot to inform her. Anna listened to Kate’s explanation, but she was still angry. She felt that Kate didn’t value their time together.

After a few minutes of silence, Anna realized that everyone makes mistakes, and she decided to forgive Kate. She told Kate that she understood and that she just needed a little time to calm down. Kate was very grateful for Anna’s understanding and promised to be more careful in the future.

They talked about the importance of communication and agreed that in the future, if one of them is going to be late, they will let the other know. This small agreement helped them avoid misunderstandings in the future and made their friendship even stronger.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to have a conflict – иметь конфликт

to be frustrated – быть расстроенным

to be late – опоздать

to apologize – извиняться

to explain something – объяснять что-то

to feel upset – чувствовать себя расстроенным

to listen to someone – слушать кого-то

to be angry – злиться

to make a mistake – ошибаться

to forgive someone – простить кого-то

to value time – ценить время

to calm down – успокоиться

to understand someone – понять кого-то

to be grateful – быть благодарным

to promise – пообещать

to be careful – быть внимательным

to avoid misunderstandings – избегать недоразумений

to agree on something – договориться о чём-то

to strengthen a relationship – укрепить отношения

to communicate – общаться

to let someone know – сообщить кому-то

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

to have a conflict

to apologize

to be frustrated

to forgive someone

to make a mistake

to value time

to calm down

to avoid misunderstandings

a) извиняться

b) простить кого-то

c) ошибаться

d) ценить время

e) успокоиться

f) избежать недоразумений

g) быть расстроенным

h) иметь конфликт

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

conflict, apologize, understand, make a mistake, frustrated, forgive, calm down, promise

Kate wanted to __________ for being late and explain why she didn’t call.

Anna felt __________ because she had been waiting for a long time.

After a few minutes, Anna decided to __________ Kate for being late.

Sometimes we all __________ and don’t do what we mean to do.

It is important to __________ each other when we make mistakes.

Anna needed a few minutes to __________ before they could talk.

They decided to __________ not to repeat the same mistake again.

It is easy to have a __________ with someone, but it is also important to resolve it.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How do you usually feel when you have a conflict with a friend or family member?

What is the best way to resolve a conflict?

How do you feel when someone apologizes to you?

Why is it important to communicate in relationships?

Have you ever had a conflict with a friend or family member? How did you resolve it?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – h

2 – a

3 – g

4 – b

5 – c

6 – d

7 – e

8 – f

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

apologize

frustrated

forgive

make a mistake

understand

calm down

promise

conflict

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How do you usually feel when you have a conflict with a friend or family member?

When I have a conflict with a friend or family member, I usually feel upset and frustrated. I sometimes feel misunderstood, but I try to talk it through and resolve the issue.

What is the best way to resolve a conflict?

The best way to resolve a conflict is to communicate openly, listen to the other person’s point of view, and try to find a compromise. Apologizing if necessary and forgiving each other is also important.

How do you feel when someone apologizes to you?

When someone apologizes to me, I feel relieved and appreciated. It helps me understand that they care and want to resolve the issue. I feel that the relationship is stronger after an apology.

Why is it important to communicate in relationships?

Communication is important in relationships because it helps avoid misunderstandings and conflicts. It allows people to express their feelings, needs, and opinions, making the relationship stronger and healthier.

Have you ever had a conflict with a friend or family member? How did you resolve it?

Yes, I had a conflict with my friend because we misunderstood each other’s intentions. We both apologized and talked about what happened. After that, we understood each other better, and our friendship became even stronger.

1. Story

Every year, Anna and her family celebrate Christmas together. It is one of the most important family holidays for them. They always decorate their home with beautiful Christmas lights and a big Christmas tree. Anna loves this time of year because the house is full of warmth and happiness.

On Christmas Eve, the family gathers around the table to have dinner together. They eat traditional food, such as turkey, mashed potatoes, and Christmas pudding. After dinner, they exchange gifts. Anna is always excited about this part of the evening, as she enjoys giving presents to her family members.

This year, Anna decided to make a homemade gift for her parents. She spent hours creating a photo album with pictures from their family trips and special moments. Her parents were very touched by the gift, and Anna felt happy to see their smiles.

After exchanging gifts, the family sits down to watch Christmas movies. They love spending time together, talking, and laughing. Anna’s younger brother, Max, enjoys this time the most because he always feels safe and loved during the holiday season.

Family holidays like Christmas bring Anna’s family closer. They remind her of the importance of love, care, and spending time with the people who matter most. Anna believes that family celebrations create beautiful memories that last forever.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

family holiday – семейный праздник

to celebrate – праздновать

Christmas Eve – канун Рождества

to decorate the house – украшать дом

Christmas tree – рождественская ёлка

to exchange gifts – обмениваться подарками

to have dinner together – ужинать вместе

traditional food – традиционная еда

turkey – индейка

mashed potatoes – картофельное пюре

Christmas pudding – рождественский пудинг

homemade gift – подарок, сделанный своими руками

to create a gift – создать подарок

a photo album – фотоальбом

to be touched – быть тронутым

to feel safe and loved – чувствовать себя в безопасности и любимым

to remind someone of something – напоминать кому-то о чём-то

to bring a family closer – сближать семью

beautiful memories – красивые воспоминания

to last forever – оставаться навсегда

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

family holiday

to exchange gifts

to decorate the house

traditional food

homemade gift

to create a gift

a photo album

beautiful memories

a) рождественская ёлка

b) подарки, сделанные своими руками

c) семейный праздник

d) обмениваться подарками

e) традиционная еда

f) фотоальбом

g) украшать дом

h) красивые воспоминания

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

family holiday, Christmas tree, to decorate, homemade gift, exchange gifts, turkey, mashed potatoes, photo album, to create, traditional food

Every year, we celebrate Christmas as a big __________.

We always __________ the house with lights and a beautiful __________.

My family loves to eat __________ and __________ for Christmas dinner.

This year, I decided to make a __________ for my parents. I spent a lot of time working on it.

After dinner, we usually __________ and open presents.

I made a __________ with photos of our family trips last summer.

We all love spending time together and making __________ that will last forever.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

What is your favorite family holiday, and how do you usually celebrate it?

Do you like to give homemade gifts to your family? Why or why not?

What traditional food does your family eat during holidays?

How do family holidays make you feel?

Do you think it is important to spend time with family during holidays? Why?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – c

2 – d

3 – g

4 – e

5 – b

6 – h

7 – f

8 – h

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

family holiday

decorate, Christmas tree

turkey, mashed potatoes

homemade gift

exchange gifts

photo album

beautiful memories

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

What is your favorite family holiday, and how do you usually celebrate it?

My favorite family holiday is New Year’s Eve. We usually celebrate by having a big dinner, watching fireworks, and exchanging gifts. It’s a very joyful and exciting time for our family.

Do you like to give homemade gifts to your family? Why or why not?

Yes, I enjoy giving homemade gifts because they feel more personal and meaningful. I like the idea of creating something special for my family that shows how much I care about them.

What traditional food does your family eat during holidays?

During the holidays, we always eat traditional dishes like roast chicken, mashed potatoes, and salad. For dessert, we often have cake or pie.

How do family holidays make you feel?

Family holidays make me feel happy, loved, and safe. It’s a time to relax and enjoy being with the people I care about most.

Do you think it is important to spend time with family during holidays? Why?

Yes, it is very important to spend time with family during holidays because it helps to strengthen our relationships. It’s a chance to make memories and show each other how much we appreciate each other.

1. Story

In Anna’s family, there are several important traditions that they follow every year. One of the most cherished traditions is having a family dinner on New Year’s Eve. Every year, the whole family gathers at her grandparents’ house to celebrate together. They prepare a big meal, and everyone brings something special to share. Anna’s grandmother always makes her famous apple pie, and her father prepares his signature salad. The family enjoys eating together, talking, and laughing. After dinner, they sit around the fireplace, tell stories, and watch the New Year’s fireworks on TV.

Another tradition is celebrating each family member’s birthday in a special way. On her birthday, Anna always receives a handmade card from her mother. Her father often writes a poem for her, and they all have a small celebration with cake and gifts. Anna looks forward to this every year, as it is a tradition that makes her feel loved and appreciated.

Anna’s family also has a tradition of volunteering together during the holidays. Every Christmas, they visit a local charity to help prepare food packages for people in need. Anna and her brother enjoy this activity because it helps them feel connected to the community and teaches them the value of giving.

Family traditions like these are very important to Anna. They bring her family closer and create wonderful memories. She believes that traditions are an essential part of family life because they help to strengthen bonds, show love, and keep the family united.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

family tradition – семейная традиция

to gather together – собираться вместе

to prepare a big meal – готовить большой ужин

to bring something special – принести что-то особенное

a homemade gift – подарок, сделанный своими руками

to celebrate someone’s birthday – праздновать чей-то день рождения

a handmade card – открытка, сделанная своими руками

to write a poem – писать стихотворение

to have a small celebration – устраивать небольшое празднование

to volunteer – волонтёрить

to help prepare food packages – помогать готовить пакеты с едой

to feel connected to the community – чувствовать связь с сообществом

to teach the value of giving – учить ценности даяния

to make someone feel loved and appreciated – заставить кого-то чувствовать себя любимым и ценимым

to strengthen bonds – укреплять связи

to create wonderful memories – создавать чудесные воспоминания

to keep the family united – сохранять единство семьи

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

family tradition

to gather together

to prepare a big meal

a handmade card

to volunteer

to have a small celebration

to feel connected to the community

to create wonderful memories

a) быть волонтером

b) праздновать чей-то день рождения

c) семейная традиция

d) чувствовать связь с сообществом

e) собираться вместе

f) готовить большой ужин

g) открытка, сделанная своими руками

h) создавать чудесные воспоминания

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box: