Практический курс английского для средней школы: лексика. Тематические главы, упражнения и истории для развития словарного запаса и навыков общения

Vocabulary Focus

stay active – быть активным, регулярно двигаться, заниматься спортом.

I try to stay active by playing football every afternoon.

Перевод: Я стараюсь быть активным, играя в футбол каждый день после школы.

eat well – правильно питаться, есть больше фруктов, овощей и меньше сладкого или фастфуда.

It’s important to eat well to have energy at school.

Перевод: Важно правильно питаться, чтобы иметь энергию в школе.

feel tired / feel energetic – чувствовать усталость / быть полным энергии.

I feel tired after studying all day.

I feel energetic after a morning run.

Перевод: Я чувствую усталость после целого дня учёбы. / Я полон энергии после утренней пробежки.

take care of yourself – заботиться о своём здоровье и самочувствии, делать полезные привычки.

Remember to sleep well and take care of yourself.

Перевод: Помни о хорошем сне и заботься о себе.

Story

Tom is a 14-year-old student who wants to feel energetic every day. He knows it is important to stay active and eat well. Every morning, Tom goes for a short run before breakfast. He feels tired at first, but after a few minutes, he feels energetic and ready for school.

At school, he always takes care of himself. He eats fruits and sandwiches for lunch, avoiding too much candy or chips. During breaks, he likes to play football with his friends. Playing helps him stay active and have fun at the same time.

After school, Tom does his homework but also remembers to relax. He sometimes reads a book or listens to music. Sleeping well at night is also important. On weekends, he goes hiking with his family. He enjoys fresh air and feels healthy.

Tom’s friends sometimes forget to take care of themselves. They eat fast food every day and spend many hours on the computer. Tom tries to help them by inviting them to play outside or by sharing healthy snacks. He believes that small habits every day make a big difference.

By staying active, eating well, and taking care of yourself, anyone can feel energetic and happy like Tom.

Useful Words and Expressions

stay active – быть активным

eat well – правильно питаться

feel tired – чувствовать усталость

feel energetic – быть полным энергии

take care of yourself – заботиться о себе

avoid – избегать

at first – сначала

at the same time – одновременно

short run – короткая пробежка

fresh air – свежий воздух

homework – домашнее задание

relax – отдыхать

hiking – поход, прогулка на природе

healthy snacks – полезные перекусы

small habits – маленькие привычки

Exercises

Exercise 1: Choose the correct word or phrase.

Tom likes to ________ every morning to feel energetic. (stay active / eat well)

Eating fruits and vegetables is a way to ________. (take care of yourself / feel tired)

Playing football helps him ________. (stay active / relax)

Exercise 2: Match the word with its meaning.

feel energetic —

avoid —

short run —

fresh air —

healthy snacks —

a) короткая пробежка

b) чувствовать себя энергичным

c) свежий воздух

d) полезные перекусы

e) избегать

Exercise 3: Answer the questions in 2—3 sentences.

Why does Tom go for a run every morning?

What does Tom eat at school to stay healthy?

How does Tom help his friends take care of themselves?

Why is sleeping well important?

What small habits help Tom feel happy and energetic?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

1 – stay active. Tom runs every morning because moving his body helps him feel more energetic and ready for school.

2 – take care of yourself. Eating healthy foods like fruits and sandwiches is one way to maintain good health.

3 – stay active. Playing football is a fun way for Tom to move his body and stay active.

Exercise 2:

1 – b (feel energetic – чувствовать себя энергичным)

2 – e (avoid – избегать)

3 – a (short run – короткая пробежка)

4 – c (fresh air – свежий воздух)

5 – d (healthy snacks – полезные перекусы)

Exercise 3 (примерные ответы):

Tom goes for a run every morning to feel energetic and ready for school. This helps him start the day positively.

At school, he eats fruits and sandwiches, avoiding candy and chips. This keeps him healthy and full of energy.

Tom helps his friends by inviting them to play outside and by sharing healthy snacks. He wants them to stay active too.

Sleeping well is important because it helps the body and mind recover. Tom feels better and more energetic after a good night’s sleep.

Small habits like staying active, eating well, and taking care of himself every day help Tom feel happy and energetic.

Vocabulary Tip

Повторяйте фразы stay active, eat well, take care of yourself в своих предложениях каждый день.

Маленькие привычки важны: даже небольшие изменения ежедневно дают большой эффект.

Используйте feel tired / feel energetic, чтобы естественно описывать своё состояние.

Vocabulary Focus

wake up / get up – просыпаться / вставать с постели.

I usually wake up at 7 a.m., but I get up at 7:15.

Перевод: Я обычно просыпаюсь в 7 утра, но встаю в 7:15.

have breakfast / eat breakfast – завтракать.

I always have breakfast before going to school.

Перевод: Я всегда завтракаю перед школой.

go to school / get to school – идти в школу / добираться до школы.

Tom goes to school by bus every day.

Перевод: Том каждый день ездит в школу на автобусе.

do homework / study – делать домашнее задание / учиться.

After school, I do my homework and study for exams.

Перевод: После школы я делаю домашнее задание и готовлюсь к экзаменам.

go to bed / sleep – ложиться спать / спать.

I usually go to bed at 10 p.m. and sleep for eight hours.

Перевод: Я обычно ложусь спать в 10 вечера и сплю восемь часов.

Story

Anna is a 13-year-old student. She has a busy daily routine but tries to stay organized. She usually wakes up at 6:30 a.m. and gets up after a few minutes. She has breakfast with her family and then gets ready for school. Anna goes to school by bike, which also helps her stay active.

At school, she studies different subjects. She enjoys English and art, but math can be difficult sometimes. During breaks, Anna talks with her friends and eats a healthy snack.

After school, she does her homework and studies for tests. Sometimes she listens to music or reads a book to relax. In the evening, she helps her parents with small chores, like setting the table or feeding the cat.

Anna usually goes to bed at 10 p.m. and sleeps for about eight hours. She feels energetic in the morning because she follows a routine. On weekends, she changes her routine a little, visiting friends or going to the park.

Anna believes that having a clear daily routine helps her manage time, stay healthy, and feel happy. Even small habits, like making her bed in the morning, make her day better.

Useful Words and Expressions

wake up – просыпаться

get up – вставать

have breakfast – завтракать

eat breakfast – завтракать

go to school – идти/ехать в школу

get to school – добираться до школы

do homework – делать домашнее задание

study – учиться, готовиться

go to bed – ложиться спать

sleep – спать

busy – занятой

organized – организованный

break – перемена

healthy snack – полезный перекус

chores – домашние обязанности

manage time – управлять временем

energetic – полный энергии

Exercises

Exercise 1: Choose the correct word or phrase.

I usually ________ at 7 a.m., but I ________ at 7:10. (wake up / get up)

Anna ________ after school to prepare for tests. (does homework / eats breakfast)

On weekends, she sometimes changes her ________. (daily routine / school subjects)

Exercise 2: Match the words with their meaning.

chores —

break —

energetic —

organized —

healthy snack —

a) занятой временем

b) полезный перекус

c) домашние обязанности

d) перемена

e) полный энергии

Exercise 3: Answer the questions in 2—3 sentences.

What time does Anna wake up and get up?

How does Anna go to school and why?

What does she do after school?

Why is having a daily routine important for Anna?

How does Anna spend her weekends differently?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

1 – wake up / get up. Сначала мы просыпаемся (wake up), а через несколько минут встаём с постели (get up).

2 – does homework. После школы Анна делает домашнее задание, чтобы подготовиться к тестам.

3 – daily routine. По выходным она иногда меняет свой ежедневный распорядок.

Exercise 2:

1 – c (chores – домашние обязанности)

2 – d (break – перемена)

3 – e (energetic – полный энергии)

4 – a (organized – организованный, умеющий планировать время)

5 – b (healthy snack – полезный перекус)

Exercise 3 (примерные ответы):

Anna usually wakes up at 6:30 a.m. and gets up a few minutes later. She starts her day by having breakfast with her family.

Anna goes to school by bike. Riding a bike helps her stay active and healthy.

After school, she does her homework, studies for tests, and sometimes relaxes by listening to music or reading a book.

Having a daily routine helps Anna manage her time, stay healthy, and feel happy during the day.

On weekends, Anna sometimes visits friends or goes to the park. She changes her routine a little but still keeps important habits.

Vocabulary Tip

Постарайся повторять слова и фразы про повседневные действия: wake up, get up, do homework.

Vocabulary Focus

subjects – школьные предметы, которые изучают в школе.

My favorite subjects are English and Art.

Перевод: Мои любимые предметы – английский и рисование.

teacher / classmate – учитель / одноклассник.

Our teacher explains lessons clearly.

I always help my classmates with homework.

Перевод: Наш учитель объясняет уроки понятно. / Я всегда помогаю одноклассникам с домашним заданием.

homework / project / test – домашнее задание / проект / контрольная работа.

We have a project about animals next week.

I studied a lot for the test.

Перевод: На следующей неделе у нас проект про животных. / Я много учился к контрольной работе.

break / lunchtime – перемена / время обеда.

During the break, I play football with my friends.

We eat sandwiches at lunchtime.

Перевод: Во время перемены я играю в футбол с друзьями. / На обеде мы едим сэндвичи.

participate / join – участвовать / присоединяться.

I like to participate in school activities.

I joined the school choir this year.

Перевод: Мне нравится участвовать в школьных мероприятиях. / В этом году я присоединился к школьному хору.

Story

Liam is a 15-year-old student. He enjoys school life because he learns new things every day. His favorite subjects are English and History, but he also works hard in Math and Science.

Liam’s teachers explain the lessons clearly, and he always asks questions if he does not understand something. He has many classmates, and they often help each other with homework. Sometimes they work together on a project about animals, the environment, or history.

During break and lunchtime, Liam talks with friends and plays football in the school yard. He likes to participate in school activities, such as the art club and music lessons. Last year, he joined the school choir and enjoyed singing with other students.

Liam’s daily routine at school helps him organize his time. He prepares for tests and finishes homework on time. Even though school can be busy and sometimes stressful, Liam believes that learning new things and spending time with friends is fun and important.

He knows that being responsible, helping classmates, and actively participating in school life makes his days more enjoyable. Liam feels proud when he completes his projects and does well in tests.

School is not just about studying; it is also about teamwork, friendship, and learning new skills.

Useful Words and Expressions

subjects – школьные предметы

teacher – учитель

classmate – одноклассник

homework – домашнее задание

project – проект

test – контрольная работа

break – перемена

lunchtime – время обеда

participate – участвовать

join – присоединяться

enjoy – наслаждаться, нравится

organize – организовывать

responsible – ответственный

teamwork – командная работа

skills – навыки

busy – занятой

environment – окружающая среда

fun – весело

friendly – дружелюбный

activity – деятельность, занятие

Exercises

Exercise 1: Choose the correct word or phrase.

Liam likes to ________ in school activities. (participate / join)

We have a ________ about animals next week. (project / homework)

My favorite ________ are English and History. (subjects / classmates)

Exercise 2: Match the words with their meaning.

break —

teacher —

homework —

project —

classmates —

a) домашнее задание

b) учитель

c) перемена

d) одноклассники

e) проект

Exercise 3: Answer the questions in 2—3 sentences.

What are Liam’s favorite subjects and why?

How does Liam help or work with his classmates?

What activities does Liam join at school?

How does Liam organize his school day?

Why does Liam think school life is fun?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

1 – participate. Liam likes to actively take part in school activities, such as clubs and events.

2 – project. Next week, the students will work on a project about animals or the environment.

3 – subjects. Liam enjoys studying English and History because he finds them interesting.

Exercise 2:

1 – c (break – перемена)

2 – b (teacher – учитель)

3 – a (homework – домашнее задание)

4 – e (project – проект)

5 – d (classmates – одноклассники)

Exercise 3 (примерные ответы):

Liam’s favorite subjects are English and History because he enjoys learning about languages and the past.

Liam helps his classmates by working together on homework and projects. They support each other when they do not understand lessons.

Liam joins the art club and the school choir. Participating in these activities makes him happy and allows him to develop new skills.

Liam organizes his school day by preparing for tests, completing homework on time, and managing his free time during breaks.

Liam thinks school life is fun because he can learn new things, spend time with friends, and participate in interesting activities.

Vocabulary Tip

Повторяйте слова про школьную жизнь: subjects, homework, project, test, participate.

Vocabulary Focus

friend / best friend – друг / лучший друг.

My best friend and I always help each other.

Перевод: Мой лучший друг и я всегда помогаем друг другу.

trust / be trustworthy – доверять / быть надежным.

It is important to trust your friends.

I try to be trustworthy so my friends can rely on me.

Перевод: Важно доверять друзьям. / Я стараюсь быть надежным, чтобы друзья могли на меня рассчитывать.

get along / argue – ладить / спорить.

I get along well with my classmates.

Sometimes friends argue, but they always make up.

Перевод: Я хорошо лажу с одноклассниками. / Иногда друзья спорят, но потом мирятся.

help / support – помогать / поддерживать.

Friends help each other with homework or problems.

Перевод: Друзья помогают друг другу с домашним заданием или проблемами.

share / enjoy together – делиться / проводить время вместе.

Friends share secrets and enjoy activities together.

Перевод: Друзья делятся секретами и проводят время вместе.

Story

Emma and Lucy are 14 years old and best friends. They have known each other since primary school and always support each other. Emma can trust Lucy with secrets, and Lucy feels the same about Emma.

At school, they get along with their classmates and help each other with homework. Sometimes they argue when they have different opinions, but they always talk and solve problems quickly. They believe that friendship is about honesty and understanding.

Emma and Lucy like to share their hobbies. They enjoy reading books, painting, and playing sports together. During weekends, they go to the park or watch movies at each other’s houses. They also like to help classmates who need support, like explaining a lesson or cheering someone up.

They know that being a good friend means listening, helping, and sometimes giving advice. Friendship makes life more enjoyable and helps them feel confident. Emma and Lucy are happy because they have friends who care about them and share experiences.

Even small gestures, like sending a message or complimenting a friend, strengthen their friendship. They believe that true friends are always there for each other, in school and outside.

Useful Words and Expressions

friend – друг

best friend – лучший друг

trust – доверять

be trustworthy – быть надежным

get along – ладить

argue – спорить

help – помогать

support – поддерживать

share – делиться

enjoy together – проводить время вместе

secret – секрет

honest – честный

understand – понимать

opinion – мнение

confident – уверенный в себе

gesture – жест

care about – заботиться о

experience – опыт, впечатление

activity – занятие

problem – проблема

Exercises

Exercise 1: Choose the correct word or phrase.

Emma and Lucy always ________ each other. (support / argue)

It is important to ________ your friends with secrets. (trust / share)

Friends like to ________ hobbies together. (enjoy / be trustworthy)

Exercise 2: Match the words with their meaning.

get along —

best friend —

honest —

gesture —

support —

a) лучший друг

b) ладить

c) честный

d) жест

e) поддерживать

Exercise 3: Answer the questions in 2—3 sentences.

How do Emma and Lucy support each other at school?

What do Emma and Lucy enjoy doing together?

What should a good friend do when friends argue?

Why do small gestures matter in friendship?

How does having good friends make Emma and Lucy feel?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

1 – support. Emma and Lucy help and support each other in school and at home.

2 – trust. Friends can trust each other with secrets and personal information.

3 – enjoy. They like to enjoy hobbies together, such as reading, painting, or playing sports.

Exercise 2:

1 – b (get along – ладить)

2 – a (best friend – лучший друг)

3 – c (honest – честный)

4 – d (gesture – жест)

5 – e (support – поддерживать)

Exercise 3 (примерные ответы):

Emma and Lucy support each other by helping with homework, listening to problems, and giving advice.

They enjoy reading, painting, playing sports, going to the park, and watching movies together.

A good friend talks calmly, listens, and tries to understand the other person to solve the problem.

Small gestures, like sending a message or giving a compliment, show that friends care and strengthen the friendship.

Having good friends makes Emma and Lucy feel happy, confident, and supported in school and outside.

Vocabulary Tip

Используйте слова friend, trust, support, share в своих предложениях, чтобы описывать друзей и отношения.

Дружба требует честности, помощи и внимания к другим.

Vocabulary Focus

family / relatives – семья / родственники.

My family is very close, and I like spending time with my relatives.

Перевод: Моя семья очень дружная, и мне нравится проводить время с родственниками.

parents / siblings – родители / братья и сестры.

My parents help me with my homework.

I have two siblings: a brother and a sister.

Перевод: Мои родители помогают мне с домашним заданием. / У меня двое братьев и сестра.

tradition / celebrate – традиция / праздновать.

Every year we celebrate Christmas with the family.

Перевод: Каждый год мы празднуем Рождество с семьей.

help / support – помогать / поддерживать.

Family members help and support each other in difficult times.

Перевод: Члены семьи помогают и поддерживают друг друга в трудные времена.

household chores / responsibilities – домашние обязанности / ответственность.