Лексика для ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Курс лексики для успешной сдачи ЕГЭ

supportive family — семья, оказывающая поддержку

A supportive family can help a person overcome difficulties.

Friendship and Communication

acquaintance — знакомый

We are not close friends; he is simply an acquaintance.

close friend — близкий друг

A close friend is someone you can trust.

keep in touch — поддерживать связь

Social media helps people keep in touch with old friends.

make friends — заводить друзей

Joining a club is a good way to make friends.

peer — ровесник

Teenagers are often influenced by their peers.

reliable — надёжный

A reliable friend keeps their promises.

share interests — разделять интересы

People often become friends because they share similar interests.

support one another — поддерживать друг друга

True friends support one another in difficult situations.

trust somebody — доверять кому-либо

It takes time to learn to trust another person.

value a friendship — ценить дружбу

People should value their friendships and treat each other with respect.

Problems and Conflicts

argument — спор, ссора

The disagreement developed into a serious argument.

compromise — компромисс

Both sides should be willing to reach a compromise.

conflict — конфликт

Open communication can help prevent family conflicts.

generation gap — конфликт поколений

The generation gap may lead to misunderstandings between parents and teenagers.

misunderstanding — недопонимание

Their argument was caused by a simple misunderstanding.

personal boundaries — личные границы

It is important to respect other people’s personal boundaries.

resolve a conflict — разрешить конфликт

Calm discussion is often the best way to resolve a conflict.

take somebody for granted — воспринимать кого-либо как должное

We should not take our family members for granted.

2. Useful Collocations

С существительным relationship

build a relationship — выстраивать отношения;

develop a relationship — развивать отношения;

maintain a relationship — поддерживать отношения;

improve a relationship — улучшать отношения;

damage a relationship — портить отношения;

end a relationship — прекращать отношения.

Honest communication helps people maintain healthy relationships.

С существительным support

receive support — получать поддержку;

provide support — оказывать поддержку;

emotional support — эмоциональная поддержка;

practical support — практическая помощь;

family support — поддержка семьи;

support one another — поддерживать друг друга.

Teenagers need both emotional and practical support from adults.

С существительным responsibility

accept responsibility — принимать ответственность;

share responsibilities — распределять обязанности;

take responsibility for something — брать ответственность за что-либо;

family responsibilities — семейные обязанности;

household responsibilities — обязанности по дому.

All family members should share household responsibilities.

3. Useful Expressions

be on good terms with somebody — быть в хороших отношениях с кем-либо

She is on good terms with her neighbours.

be there for somebody — быть рядом и поддерживать кого-либо

True friends are always there for each other.

fall out with somebody — поссориться с кем-либо

He fell out with his friend because of a misunderstanding.

get to know somebody — узнавать кого-либо ближе

Group activities help students get to know one another.

grow apart — постепенно отдаляться друг от друга

Some school friends grow apart when they become adults.

have a lot in common — иметь много общего

We became friends because we had a lot in common.

keep a promise — сдержать обещание

A reliable person always tries to keep a promise.

make up with somebody — помириться с кем-либо

They discussed the problem and eventually made up.

rely on somebody — полагаться на кого-либо

I know that I can always rely on my best friend.

spend quality time together — проводить время вместе с пользой и удовольствием

Family members should spend quality time together.

4. Word Formation

relate — относиться, быть связанным

relation — отношение, связь

relationship — взаимоотношения

relative — родственник

Positive relationships are based on trust and respect.

support — поддерживать; поддержка

supportive — оказывающий поддержку

Supportive parents encourage their children to become independent.

rely — полагаться

reliable — надёжный

reliability — надёжность

Reliability is an important quality in a friend.

respect — уважать; уважение

respectful — уважительный

respectfully — уважительно

Family members should speak to one another respectfully.

understand — понимать

understanding — понимание

misunderstanding — недопонимание

Honest conversation can prevent misunderstandings.

agree — соглашаться

agreement — соглашение

disagree — не соглашаться

disagreement — разногласие

People can have disagreements without damaging their relationship.

responsible — ответственный

responsibility — ответственность, обязанность

Teenagers should take responsibility for their decisions.

communicate — общаться

communication — общение

Effective communication is essential for healthy relationships.

5. Exercise 1. Choose the Correct Word

Выберите подходящее слово.

My sister and I have many interests in common / in touch.

A reliable friend always tries to keep a promise / relationship.

Open communication can help people resolve a conflict / generation.

Family members should share household responsibilities / backgrounds.

Although they live in different countries, they keep in touch / respect.

Parents are responsible for bringing up / out their children.

Healthy relationships should be based on mutual respect / argument.

She knows that she can always rely on / with her best friend.

A family gathering can strengthen family bonds / boundaries.

Both sides need to reach a compromise / relative.

6. Exercise 2. Complete the Collocations

Дополните словосочетания словами из списка.

apart, boundaries, common, conflict, friends, promise, relationship, responsibilities, support, terms

make __________

provide emotional __________

build a strong __________

share household __________

have something in __________

resolve a __________

keep a __________

grow __________

respect personal __________

be on good __________ with somebody

7. Exercise 3. Complete the Sentences

Используйте слова и выражения из списка.

bring up, close relationship, compromise, generation gap, keep in touch, look after, supportive, take for granted

Good friends continue to __________ even when they live far apart.

Parents usually try to __________ their children to be kind and responsible.

Teenagers sometimes __________ their parents’ help __________.

A __________ may cause disagreements between young people and adults.

Both sides should be prepared to reach a __________.

She has a particularly __________ with her grandmother.

Older children sometimes __________ their younger brothers and sisters.

A __________ family helps its members cope with difficult situations.

8. Exercise 4. Word Formation

Преобразуйте слово, написанное заглавными буквами.

Mutual respect is essential for a healthy __________.

RELATE

My best friend is extremely __________, so I can always depend on her.

RELY

Open __________ helps family members understand one another.

COMMUNICATE

The argument was caused by a simple __________.

UNDERSTAND

Parents should encourage children to accept __________ for their actions.

RESPONSIBLE

Family members should treat one another __________.

RESPECT

His parents were very __________ when he decided to change careers.

SUPPORT

Small __________ are natural in any relationship.

AGREE

9. Exercise 5. Complete the Text

Вставьте подходящие слова.

common, communication, conflicts, quality, rely, respect, responsibilities, supportive

Strong family relationships do not develop automatically. Family members need to spend (1) __________ time together and show mutual (2) __________. Open (3) __________ allows people to express their feelings and prevent unnecessary (4) __________.

It is also important to share household (5) __________ fairly. Children and adults may have different opinions, but they can still find something in (6) __________. In a healthy family, people are (7) __________ and know that they can (8) __________ on one another.

10. Exercise 6. Translate into English

Переведите предложения на английский язык.

Мы с сестрой хорошо ладим и имеем много общего.

Члены семьи должны поддерживать друг друга в трудных ситуациях.

Открытое общение помогает разрешать конфликты.

Родителям не следует нарушать личные границы подростков.

Надёжный друг всегда старается сдерживать обещания.

Семейные традиции укрепляют отношения между поколениями.

Все члены семьи должны разделять домашние обязанности.

Важно не воспринимать поддержку близких как должное.

11. Speaking Practice

Ответьте на вопросы, используя новую лексику.

What qualities make someone a good friend?

Why do conflicts sometimes occur between parents and teenagers?

How can family members resolve disagreements?

Should children have household responsibilities?

Why is it important to respect personal boundaries?

Can online communication replace face-to-face communication?

What activities can strengthen family bonds?

Useful Speaking Phrases

From my point of view, a strong relationship requires…

One of the most important qualities is…

This problem may occur because…

The best way to resolve the situation is to…

Both sides should be willing to…

It is important to remember that…

As a result, people can…

12. Writing Practice

Напишите абзац объёмом 100—120 слов.

Some people believe that modern technology makes family relationships weaker. What is your opinion?

Используйте не менее пяти слов или выражений из главы.

Useful Writing Phrases

It is often argued that…

There are several reasons for this opinion.

On the one hand, …

On the other hand, …

For instance, …

In my view, …

To conclude, …

Answers

Exercise 1

in common

promise

conflict

responsibilities

touch

up

respect

on

bonds

compromise

Exercise 2

friends

support

relationship

responsibilities

common

conflict

promise

apart

boundaries

terms

Exercise 3

keep in touch

bring up

take; for granted

generation gap

compromise

close relationship

look after

supportive

Exercise 4

relationship

reliable

communication

misunderstanding

responsibility

respectfully

supportive

disagreements

Exercise 5

quality

respect

communication

conflicts

responsibilities

common

supportive

rely

Exercise 6. Возможные варианты ответа

My sister and I get along well and have a lot in common.

Family members should support one another in difficult situations.

Open communication helps people resolve conflicts.

Parents should not ignore teenagers’ personal boundaries.

A reliable friend always tries to keep their promises.

Family traditions strengthen relationships between generations.

All family members should share household responsibilities.

It is important not to take the support of your loved ones for granted.

Writing Practice. Возможный вариант ответа

Modern technology has changed the way family members communicate. Some people believe that it makes family relationships weaker because relatives spend less quality time together. Family members may sit in the same room but pay more attention to their phones than to one another. However, technology also helps people keep in touch when they live far apart. Video calls and messaging applications allow relatives to provide emotional support and share important moments. From my point of view, technology itself does not damage relationships. The main problem is how people use it. Families should strike a balance between online communication and face-to-face conversations to maintain close relationships.

Глава 3. Personality and Emotions

Характер и эмоции

В этой главе вы изучите лексику для описания характера, поведения, чувств и эмоциональных состояний. Эти слова и выражения пригодятся при выполнении заданий ЕГЭ, а также в письменной и устной речи.

1. Key Vocabulary

Positive Personality Traits

ambitious — амбициозный, целеустремлённый

Ambitious people are willing to work hard to achieve their goals.

cheerful — жизнерадостный

Her cheerful personality makes other people feel comfortable.

confident — уверенный в себе

Confident students are not afraid to express their opinions.

determined — решительный, целеустремлённый

She was determined to complete the course successfully.

easy-going — спокойный, лёгкий в общении

My brother is easy-going and rarely becomes annoyed.

generous — щедрый

It was generous of him to support the local charity.

hard-working — трудолюбивый

Hard-working students usually make steady progress.

honest — честный

An honest person tells the truth even in difficult situations.

patient — терпеливый

Teachers need to be patient with their students.

reliable — надёжный

A reliable person keeps their promises.

responsible — ответственный

Responsible people understand the consequences of their decisions.

sociable — общительный

Sociable people usually find it easy to make new friends.

thoughtful — внимательный, заботливый

It was thoughtful of her to help her elderly neighbour.

open-minded — непредубеждённый, открытый новому

Open-minded people are willing to consider different opinions.

Negative Personality Traits

arrogant — высокомерный

Arrogant people often believe that they are better than others.

bad-tempered — вспыльчивый, раздражительный

He becomes bad-tempered when he is tired.

careless — невнимательный, небрежный

Careless decisions can lead to serious problems.

dishonest — нечестный

Dishonest behaviour can destroy trust.

impatient — нетерпеливый

Impatient people find it difficult to wait.

inconsiderate — невнимательный к окружающим

It is inconsiderate to make noise late at night.

irresponsible — безответственный

Ignoring important duties is irresponsible.

selfish — эгоистичный

Selfish people usually put their own needs first.

stubborn — упрямый

He is too stubborn to admit that he needs help.

unreliable — ненадёжный

An unreliable person may fail to keep a promise.

Emotions and Feelings

anxious — встревоженный

Many students feel anxious before an important exam.

ashamed — испытывающий стыд

He felt ashamed of his inconsiderate behaviour.

confused — озадаченный, растерянный

The instructions made some students feel confused.

delighted — очень довольный

She was delighted to hear the good news.

disappointed — разочарованный

He was disappointed with his examination results.

embarrassed — смущённый

She felt embarrassed when she forgot her teacher’s name.

frustrated — расстроенный из-за невозможности добиться результата

Students may feel frustrated when they do not see immediate progress.

grateful — благодарный

I am grateful to my parents for their support.

proud — гордый

Her family was proud of her achievements.

relieved — испытавший облегчение

He felt relieved when the examination was over.

satisfied — удовлетворённый

She was satisfied with the results of her work.

upset — расстроенный

He was upset by his friend’s words.

Behaviour and Reactions

behave appropriately — вести себя подобающим образом

Students are expected to behave appropriately at school.

control one’s emotions — контролировать эмоции

It is important to control your emotions during an argument.

express one’s feelings — выражать чувства

Some people find it difficult to express their feelings.

hide one’s disappointment — скрывать разочарование

She tried to hide her disappointment.

lose one’s temper — выйти из себя

He rarely loses his temper, even in stressful situations.

remain calm — сохранять спокойствие

Try to remain calm when dealing with a difficult problem.

show consideration for somebody — проявлять внимание к кому-либо

We should show consideration for other people’s feelings.

take criticism personally — принимать критику близко к сердцу

Constructive criticism can be useful, so students should not take it personally.

2. Useful Collocations

С существительным confidence

gain confidence — обрести уверенность;

build confidence — развивать уверенность;

lack confidence — испытывать недостаток уверенности;

lose confidence — потерять уверенность;

express confidence — выражать уверенность;

self-confidence — уверенность в себе.

Regular speaking practice can help students gain confidence.

С существительным feeling

express one’s feelings — выражать свои чувства;

hide one’s feelings — скрывать чувства;

hurt somebody’s feelings — задеть чьи-либо чувства;

understand somebody’s feelings — понимать чьи-либо чувства;

strong feelings — сильные чувства;

mixed feelings — противоречивые чувства.

People should think carefully before saying something that may hurt another person’s feelings.

С существительным attitude

positive attitude — положительное отношение;

negative attitude — отрицательное отношение;

responsible attitude — ответственное отношение;

change one’s attitude — изменить отношение;

attitude towards something — отношение к чему-либо.

A positive attitude can help people cope with difficulties.

3. Useful Expressions

be in a good mood — быть в хорошем настроении

She was in a good mood after receiving the results.

be in a bad mood — быть в плохом настроении

He prefers to be alone when he is in a bad mood.

be afraid of failure — бояться неудачи

People who are afraid of failure may avoid new challenges.

be capable of doing something — быть способным сделать что-либо

Determined people are capable of overcoming serious difficulties.

believe in oneself — верить в себя