Устная часть ЕГЭ по английскому языку. От первого вопроса до связного монолога

Урок 4. Монолог по двум фотографиям

В заключительном задании устной части ЕГЭ необходимо представить две фотографии, найденные для учебного проекта. Ученик оставляет голосовое сообщение другу, кратко описывает изображения, сравнивает их, называет преимущества и недостатки представленных вариантов и выражает собственное мнение.

Ответ должен быть связным: это не набор отдельных предложений, а логически выстроенный монолог.

1. Структура монолога

Удобно разделить ответ на пять частей:

1. Вступление и тема проекта.

2. Краткое описание фотографий.

3. Различия между изображениями.

4. Преимущества и недостатки представленных вариантов.

5. Собственное мнение и завершение сообщения.

2. Вступление

В начале необходимо обратиться к другу и сообщить, что вы нашли фотографии для совместного проекта.

Речевые модели

— Hi, Alex! I’ve found two photos for our project about…

— Hello, Kate! I’ve just found two suitable pictures for our project.

— I’d like to tell you about the photos I’ve chosen.

— Both pictures are connected with the topic of…

— These photos illustrate two different ways of…

Пример

Hi, Emma! I’ve found two suitable photos for our project about different ways of spending free time. I’d like to tell you more about them.

3. Описание первой фотографии

Описание должно быть кратким. Необходимо упомянуть:

— кто изображён;

— где находятся люди;

— что они делают;

— какое впечатление производит ситуация.

Речевые модели

— In the first photo, I can see…

— The first picture shows…

— There is a young person who…

— The people are probably…

— They seem to be…

— The atmosphere appears to be…

Пример

In the first photo, I can see a group of teenagers playing volleyball on a beach. They are wearing sports clothes and seem to be enjoying the game. The atmosphere appears energetic and friendly.

4. Описание второй фотографии

Используйте похожую структуру, но не повторяйте все слова из описания первого изображения.

Речевые модели

— The second photo shows…

— In the other picture, there is…

— I can also see…

— The person appears to be…

— Unlike the first picture, this one shows…

Пример

The second photo shows a teenage girl reading a book at home. She is sitting comfortably on a sofa and appears calm and relaxed.

5. Как назвать различия

После описания необходимо сравнить фотографии и показать, чем представленные ситуации отличаются друг от друга.

Можно сравнивать:

— место;

— количество людей;

— вид деятельности;

— необходимое оборудование;

— уровень физической активности;

— атмосферу;

— погодные условия;

— цель занятия.

Речевые модели

— The main difference between the photos is…

— The pictures differ in several ways.

— In the first photo…, whereas in the second photo…

— While the first picture shows…, the second one presents…

— Another difference is that…

— Unlike the people in the first photo,…

— The first activity is…, while the second one is…

Пример

The main difference is that the teenagers in the first photo are doing an active outdoor activity, whereas the girl in the second picture is enjoying a quiet indoor hobby. Another difference is that volleyball is a group activity, while reading is usually done alone.

6. Преимущества и недостатки

Необходимо рассмотреть обе ситуации. Для каждой можно назвать одно преимущество и один недостаток.

Преимущества

— One advantage of this activity is that…

— The main benefit is…

— This activity allows people to…

— It can help people…

— Another positive aspect is…

Недостатки

— One possible disadvantage is that…

— The main drawback is…

— This activity may be difficult because…

— However, it can also…

— The problem with this option is that…

Пример

One advantage of playing volleyball is that it helps people stay fit and develop teamwork skills. However, outdoor games depend on the weather and require enough participants. Reading is a convenient way to relax and gain knowledge, but spending too much time sitting may lead to a less active lifestyle.

7. Выражение собственного мнения

В конце нужно выбрать один из представленных вариантов и объяснить своё решение.

Речевые модели

— Personally, I would prefer…

— As for me, I would choose…

— In my opinion, … is a better option because…

— I would rather…

— If I had to choose, I would…

— This option suits me better because…

Пример

Personally, I would prefer playing volleyball because I enjoy active hobbies and spending time with other people. It would help me stay healthy and make new friends.

8. Завершение сообщения

Монолог можно закончить короткой фразой.

— That’s all I wanted to tell you about these photos.

— Let me know what you think about my choice.

— I hope these pictures will be useful for our project.

— Please tell me which photo you prefer.

Bye!

Полный образец монолога

Project: Ways of Spending Free Time

Hi, Emma! I’ve found two suitable photos for our project about different ways of spending free time. I’d like to tell you about them.

In the first photo, I can see a group of teenagers playing volleyball on a beach. They are wearing sports clothes and seem to be enjoying the game. The second photo shows a teenage girl reading a book at home. She is sitting on a sofa and looks calm and relaxed.

The main difference is that the first photo presents an active outdoor hobby, whereas the second one shows a quiet indoor activity. Another difference is that volleyball is played with other people, while reading is usually an individual activity.

One advantage of playing volleyball is that it helps people stay fit and teaches them to work as a team. However, this activity depends on the weather and requires several players. Reading allows people to relax, improve their vocabulary and learn something new, but it does not provide much physical activity.

Personally, I would prefer playing volleyball because I enjoy active hobbies and communicating with other people. That’s all I wanted to tell you about these photos. Let me know what you think about my choice. Bye!

Тренировочная тема 1

Project: Travelling in Different Ways

Фотография 1

Семья путешествует на автомобиле.

Фотография 2

Молодые люди едут на поезде.

План ответа

1. Представьте фотографии.

2. Кратко опишите обе ситуации.

3. Назовите различия.

4. Расскажите о преимуществах и недостатках путешествия на автомобиле и поезде.

5. Скажите, какой способ предпочитаете вы.

Полезная лексика

— travel by car;

— travel by train;

— plan the route;

— stop whenever necessary;

— carry more luggage;

— avoid traffic jams;

— enjoy the scenery;

— move around during the journey;

— follow a fixed schedule;

— buy tickets in advance;

— have more privacy;

— reach the destination.

Пример ответа

Hi, Nick! I’ve found two interesting photos for our project about different ways of travelling.

The first picture shows a family travelling by car. They seem to be discussing their route before continuing their journey. In the second photo, several young people are travelling by train. They are sitting together and enjoying the scenery.

The main difference is the means of transport. The family in the first picture has more control over the route, whereas the train passengers have to follow a fixed schedule. Another difference is that travelling by car provides more privacy.

One advantage of travelling by car is that people can stop whenever they want and take more luggage. However, the driver may become tired, and the journey can be affected by traffic jams. Travelling by train is usually comfortable because passengers can relax and move around. On the other hand, they need to buy tickets and follow the timetable.

Personally, I prefer travelling by train because I can relax and enjoy the journey without worrying about the road. I hope these photos will be useful for our project. Bye!

Тренировочная тема 2

Project: Different Ways of Studying

Фотография 1

Ученики занимаются вместе в классе.

Фотография 2

Подросток учится самостоятельно дома.

Полезная лексика

— attend a classroom lesson;

— study independently;

— work with classmates;

— receive immediate feedback;

— ask the teacher questions;

— follow a lesson schedule;

— work at one’s own pace;

— concentrate on a task;

— use online resources;

— organise one’s time;

— become more disciplined;

— feel isolated.

Задание

Подготовьте монолог, используя план урока.

Упомяните:

— место занятий;

— количество учащихся;

— взаимодействие с учителем и одноклассниками;

— возможность самостоятельно организовывать работу;

— собственные предпочтения.

Возможный ответ

Hi, Alice! I’ve found two photos for our project about different ways of studying.

The first picture shows several students attending a lesson in a classroom. They are sitting at their desks and listening to the teacher. In the second photo, a teenager is studying independently at home. He is working at a desk and using a laptop.

The main difference is that the students in the first photo are learning together, while the teenager in the second picture is studying alone. Classroom learners follow a shared schedule, whereas independent learners can often work at their own pace.

One advantage of classroom education is that students can ask questions and communicate with their classmates. However, the lesson may not suit every student’s individual learning speed. Studying at home is flexible and allows learners to concentrate on their personal needs, but they may feel isolated and need strong self-discipline.

Personally, I prefer classroom lessons because communication with teachers and classmates makes studying more interesting. That’s all I wanted to tell you. Let me know what you think. Bye!

Тренировочная тема 3

Project: Eating at Home and Eating Out

Фотография 1

Семья готовит ужин дома.

Фотография 2

Друзья обедают в кафе.

Полезная лексика

— prepare a meal;

— use fresh ingredients;

— spend time together;

— choose a recipe;

— control the amount of salt and sugar;

— wash the dishes;

— order a meal;

— try unusual dishes;

— enjoy professional service;

— pay for the meal;

— celebrate a special occasion;

— save time.

Вопросы для подготовки

1. Who can be seen in each photo?

2. Where are the people?

3. What are they doing?

4. How are the situations different?

5. What are the advantages of cooking at home?

6. What are the disadvantages of cooking at home?

7. What are the advantages of eating at a café?

8. What are the disadvantages of eating out?

9. Which option would you choose?

Упражнение 1. Соедините идеи

Дополните предложения подходящей информацией.

1. The first photo shows…

2. In the second picture, we can see…

3. The main difference is that…

4. One advantage of the first option is…

5. However, its main drawback is…

6. The second option allows people to…

7. On the other hand,…

8. Personally, I would prefer…

Возможный вариант

1. The first photo shows a group of friends exercising in a gym.

2. In the second picture, we can see a young woman jogging in a park.

3. The main difference is that the people are exercising in different places.

4. One advantage of going to a gym is access to professional equipment.

5. However, its main drawback is the cost of membership.

6. The second option allows people to spend time outdoors.

7. On the other hand, jogging can be uncomfortable in bad weather.

8. Personally, I would prefer exercising outdoors because I enjoy fresh air.

Упражнение 2. Выразите различие

Объедините две идеи в одно предложение с помощью whereas, while или unlike.

1. The first activity is performed indoors. The second activity takes place outdoors.

2. The first photo shows one person. Several people can be seen in the second photo.

3. Travelling by car offers flexibility. Travelling by plane follows a fixed schedule.

4. Reading is usually a quiet activity. Team sports involve active communication.

Возможные ответы

1. The first activity is performed indoors, whereas the second one takes place outdoors.

2. The first photo shows one person, while several people can be seen in the second photo.

3. Unlike travelling by plane, travelling by car offers greater flexibility.

4. Reading is usually a quiet activity, whereas team sports involve active communication.

Упражнение 3. Назовите преимущество и недостаток

Составьте по два предложения для каждого варианта.

1. Shopping online.

2. Shopping at a traditional shop.

3. Exercising at home.

4. Exercising at a sports centre.

5. Living in a large city.

6. Living in the countryside.

Возможные ответы

1. Shopping online saves time and provides access to a wide range of products. However, customers cannot always examine an item before buying it.

2. Shopping at a traditional shop allows customers to see and try products. However, visiting several shops can take a lot of time.

3. Exercising at home is convenient and inexpensive. However, people may not have enough space or suitable equipment.

4. A sports centre provides professional equipment and different types of training. However, membership can be expensive.

5. A large city offers many educational and career opportunities. However, city life can be noisy and stressful.

6. The countryside provides a peaceful environment and access to nature. However, residents may have fewer employment and entertainment opportunities.

Упражнение 4. Подготовьте полный монолог

Project: Active and Quiet Holidays

Первая фотография изображает туристов, которые поднимаются в горы. На второй фотографии люди отдыхают на пляже.

Раскройте следующие пункты:

— кратко опишите фотографии;

— назовите различия;

— укажите преимущества и недостатки каждого вида отдыха;

— выберите вариант, который подходит вам;

— объясните своё мнение.

Лист самопроверки

После завершения монолога проверьте:

— я обратился к другу;

— я назвал тему проекта;

— я кратко описал обе фотографии;

— я объяснил различия между ними;

— я назвал преимущества обоих вариантов;

— я упомянул возможные недостатки;

— я выразил собственное мнение;

— я объяснил свой выбор;

— я использовал слова-связки;

— мой ответ представляет собой связный монолог;

— я завершил голосовое сообщение.

Памятка

Используйте последовательность:

Тема → описание → различия → преимущества и недостатки → мнение → завершение

Главное правило урока: не описывайте фотографии отдельно друг от друга — объединяйте их общей темой и последовательно сравнивайте представленные варианты.

Урок 5. School and Education

В этом уроке мы объединим основные форматы устной части ЕГЭ и потренируемся говорить на тему School and Education.

Ученик научится:

— задавать вопросы об образовательных программах;

— отвечать на вопросы о школе и учёбе;

— сравнивать разные способы получения образования;

— выражать и объяснять собственное мнение.

1. Тематическая лексика

Школьная жизнь

— attend school — ходить в школу;

— attend lessons — посещать уроки;

— miss a lesson — пропустить урок;

— follow a school timetable — следовать школьному расписанию;

— wear a school uniform — носить школьную форму;

— take part in school events — участвовать в школьных мероприятиях;

— join a school club — вступить в школьный кружок;

— communicate with classmates — общаться с одноклассниками;

— complete an assignment — выполнить задание;

— meet a deadline — выполнить работу в установленный срок.

Учебный процесс

— study a subject — изучать предмет;

— acquire knowledge — приобретать знания;

— develop practical skills — развивать практические навыки;

— improve academic performance — улучшать успеваемость;

— revise for an examination — повторять материал перед экзаменом;

— take an examination — сдавать экзамен;

— pass an examination — успешно сдать экзамен;

— prepare for lessons — готовиться к урокам;

— make progress — добиваться прогресса;

— receive feedback — получать обратную связь.

Учебные привычки

— organise one’s time — организовывать своё время;

— follow a study plan — следовать учебному плану;

— take regular breaks — регулярно делать перерывы;

— concentrate on a task — сосредоточиться на задании;

— take notes — делать записи;

— use educational resources — использовать образовательные материалы;

— study independently — заниматься самостоятельно;

— work at one’s own pace — работать в собственном темпе;

— ask for help — обращаться за помощью;

— remain motivated — сохранять мотивацию.

Образовательная среда

— supportive teacher — учитель, оказывающий поддержку;

— friendly atmosphere — дружелюбная атмосфера;

— well-equipped classroom — хорошо оборудованный кабинет;

— interactive lesson — интерактивный урок;

— practical activity — практическое занятие;

— group project — групповой проект;

— extracurricular activity — внеурочное занятие;

— online course — онлайн-курс;

— distance learning — дистанционное обучение;

— face-to-face education — очное обучение.

2. Полезные речевые модели

Рассказать о любимом предмете

— My favourite school subject is…

— I am particularly interested in…

— I enjoy this subject because…

— This subject helps me…

— The knowledge I gain may be useful for…

Пример:

My favourite school subject is English because I enjoy learning about different cultures and communicating with other people. I believe that English will also be useful for my future education and career.

Рассказать об учебных привычках

— I usually start by…

— I find it helpful to…

— I try to…

— When I prepare for an examination,…

— This method allows me to…

Пример:

When I prepare for an examination, I make a study plan and divide the material into smaller sections. This method helps me organise my time and avoid unnecessary stress.

Выразить мнение об образовании

— I believe that education…

— In my opinion, schools should…

— From my point of view, students need…

— One of the main purposes of education is…

— A good school should provide…

Пример:

In my opinion, schools should help students acquire knowledge and develop practical skills. They should also teach young people to communicate, cooperate and make responsible decisions.

3. Прямые вопросы

Situation: Summer Language School

Вы рассматриваете возможность обучения в летней языковой школе. Задайте четыре прямых вопроса, чтобы узнать:

1. course duration;

2. class schedule;

3. number of students in a group;

4. cultural activities.

Возможные вопросы

1. How long does the course last?

2. When do the classes take place?

3. How many students are there in each group?

4. What cultural activities do you organise?

Situation: Online Examination Course

Вы хотите записаться на онлайн-курс подготовки к экзамену. Задайте четыре прямых вопроса, чтобы узнать:

1. starting date;

2. course fee;

3. learning materials;

4. feedback from teachers.

Возможные вопросы

1. When does the course start?

2. How much does the course cost?

3. What learning materials do you provide?

4. How often do students receive feedback from teachers?

Situation: School Club

Вы хотите вступить в школьный клуб. Задайте четыре прямых вопроса, чтобы узнать:

1. available activities;

2. meeting days;

3. age restrictions;

4. participation fee.

Возможные вопросы

1. What activities does the club offer?

2. What days do the club meetings take place?

3. Are there any age restrictions?

4. Is there a participation fee?

4. Интервью

Представьте, что вы участвуете в интервью на тему школьного образования. Давайте полные ответы, состоящие из двух или трёх предложений.

Вопрос 1

How many lessons do you usually have on a school day?

Пример ответа:

I usually have six or seven lessons on a school day. My classes begin in the morning and normally finish in the afternoon.

Вопрос 2

What is your favourite school subject?

Пример ответа:

My favourite school subject is English. I enjoy learning new expressions and using them in conversations.

Вопрос 3

How do you prepare for important examinations?

Пример ответа:

I usually make a study plan and revise the material regularly. I also complete practice tasks to identify the topics that require more attention.