Английские слова и выражения для старших классов. Тематическая лексика и вопросы для подготовки к ОГЭ и ЕГЭ

Useful Vocabulary

morning – утро

Example: People usually wake up early in the morning.

afternoon – день, после обеда

Example: One should study in the afternoon when energy is high.

evening – вечер

Example: Evening walks help relax after school.

night – ночь

Example: Teenagers need enough sleep at night.

wake up – просыпаться

Example: People usually wake up at seven o’clock.

alarm clock – будильник

Example: An alarm clock helps one wake up on time.

get up – вставать с кровати

Example: One should get up immediately after the alarm.

breakfast – завтрак

Example: A healthy breakfast starts the day well.

lunch – обед

Example: Teenagers usually eat lunch at school.

dinner – ужин

Example: Dinner is often eaten with the family.

snack – перекус

Example: Healthy snacks help maintain energy.

brush teeth – чистить зубы

Example: Everyone should brush teeth twice a day.

shower – принимать душ

Example: A morning shower refreshes the body.

get dressed – одеваться

Example: Teenagers get dressed before leaving for school.

go to school – идти в школу

Example: Students go to school by bus or on foot.

homework – домашнее задание

Example: Doing homework regularly improves grades.

study – учиться

Example: One should study daily to remember lessons.

break – перемена

Example: Breaks during lessons help students concentrate.

rest – отдых

Example: Rest is important to maintain energy.

free time – свободное время

Example: Teenagers spend free time on hobbies or sports.

exercise – физические упражнения

Example: Regular exercise supports a healthy lifestyle.

play sports – заниматься спортом

Example: Teenagers play sports after school.

watch TV – смотреть телевизор

Example: Watching TV can be relaxing for one hour.

read – читать

Example: Reading books improves vocabulary.

listen to music – слушать музыку

Example: Listening to music helps people relax.

social media – социальные сети

Example: Teenagers often check social media in free time.

chat – общаться

Example: Friends chat online or in person.

clean – убирать

Example: Cleaning the room is part of a daily routine.

cook – готовить

Example: Some teenagers cook simple meals for themselves.

chores – домашние дела

Example: Chores teach responsibility.

bed – кровать

Example: Going to bed at the same time improves sleep quality.

sleep – спать

Example: Teenagers need at least eight hours of sleep.

weekend – выходные

Example: Weekends are for rest and hobbies.

weekday – будний день

Example: Weekdays usually follow a strict schedule.

routine – распорядок

Example: A routine helps organize the day efficiently.

punctual – пунктуальный

Example: Being punctual is important at school.

plan – планировать

Example: Planning the day improves productivity.

early – рано

Example: Waking up early gives more time for study.

late – поздно

Example: Staying up late can affect energy levels.

habit – привычка

Example: Developing good habits improves daily life.

Personal Questions and Sample Answers

1. What is a typical daily routine for teenagers, and why is it important?

A typical daily routine for teenagers includes waking up early, attending school, doing homework, and spending time on hobbies. A structured routine helps maintain energy and balance. It also improves study habits and overall well-being.

2. How can one organize free time effectively during weekdays?

Free time can be organized by planning activities such as reading, exercising, or chatting with friends. Prioritizing tasks ensures relaxation without stress. Effective time management helps teenagers stay productive and motivated.

3. What morning habits help people start the day positively?

Morning habits like waking up on time, taking a shower, and having a healthy breakfast help start the day positively. These habits improve mood and concentration. They also prepare teenagers for school and activities.

4. How do weekends differ from weekdays in terms of routine?

Weekends differ from weekdays because there is more free time and fewer obligations. Teenagers can focus on hobbies, relaxation, or spending time with family. Weekends provide an opportunity to recharge before the next week.

5. What daily habits can improve sleep quality and energy levels?

Daily habits like going to bed at the same time, avoiding screens before sleep, and eating healthily improve sleep quality. Good sleep increases energy and supports overall health. Teenagers who follow these habits feel more focused and productive.

Useful Vocabulary

meal – приём пищи

Example: People usually have three main meals a day.

breakfast – завтрак

Example: A healthy breakfast provides energy for the morning.

lunch – обед

Example: Teenagers often eat lunch at school.

dinner – ужин

Example: Dinner is usually eaten with family.

snack – перекус

Example: Healthy snacks keep energy levels stable.

healthy – здоровый

Example: Eating healthy food improves overall health.

nutritious – питательный

Example: Fruits and vegetables are very nutritious.

balanced diet – сбалансированное питание

Example: A balanced diet includes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

vitamins – витамины

Example: Vitamins support the immune system.

minerals – минералы

Example: Minerals like calcium help strengthen bones.

protein – белок

Example: Meat, eggs, and beans are rich in protein.

carbohydrate – углевод

Example: Carbohydrates provide energy for daily activities.

fat – жир

Example: Healthy fats are important for brain function.

sugar – сахар

Example: High sugar intake can affect energy levels.

salt – соль

Example: Too much salt can increase blood pressure.

fibre – клетчатка

Example: Fibre helps digestion and prevents constipation.

hydration – гидратация

Example: Proper hydration is important for health.

water – вода

Example: Drinking enough water supports all body functions.

juice – сок

Example: Fresh juice is healthier than sugary drinks.

dairy products – молочные продукты

Example: Milk, cheese, and yogurt are dairy products.

meat – мясо

Example: Meat is a good source of protein.

fish – рыба

Example: Fish contains healthy fats and nutrients.

fruits – фрукты

Example: Fruits provide vitamins and minerals.

vegetables – овощи

Example: Vegetables are essential for a balanced diet.

grains – злаки

Example: Whole grains give long-lasting energy.

fast food – фастфуд

Example: Fast food is convenient but often unhealthy.

junk food – нездоровая пища

Example: Eating too much junk food can harm health.

calories – калории

Example: People should balance calories consumed and burned.

appetite – аппетит

Example: Healthy food can improve appetite naturally.

portion – порция

Example: Controlling portion sizes helps maintain weight.

organic – органический

Example: Organic food is grown without chemicals.

diet plan – план питания

Example: A diet plan helps organize meals effectively.

cooking – приготовление пищи

Example: Cooking at home is often healthier than eating out.

recipe – рецепт

Example: Following a recipe helps prepare nutritious meals.

taste – вкус

Example: People enjoy food with a good taste and aroma.

flavour – аромат/вкус

Example: Herbs and spices improve flavour without extra salt.

allergy – аллергия

Example: Some teenagers have allergies to nuts or dairy.

vegetarian – вегетарианец

Example: A vegetarian diet excludes meat but can be balanced.

vegan – веган

Example: A vegan diet excludes all animal products.

healthy habit – здоровая привычка

Example: Eating fruits daily is a healthy habit.

Personal Questions and Sample Answers

1. What does a balanced diet include, and why is it important for teenagers?

A balanced diet includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. It is important for teenagers because it supports growth, energy levels, and overall health. Proper nutrition also helps maintain focus and concentration at school.

2. How can one make healthy food choices during school or social events?

Healthy food choices can include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains instead of sweets or snacks. Choosing water instead of sugary drinks also helps. Making conscious decisions about food improves energy and well-being.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of fast food?

Fast food is convenient and often tastes good, but it usually contains high levels of sugar, salt, and fat. Regular consumption can lead to health problems. However, occasional fast food is acceptable if balanced with healthy meals.

4. How does hydration affect daily energy levels and concentration?

Hydration is essential for energy, concentration, and physical performance. Drinking enough water prevents fatigue and supports mental focus. Teenagers who stay hydrated perform better at school and in sports.

5. What are some ways to develop healthy eating habits at home?

Healthy eating habits can be developed by planning meals, cooking at home, and including a variety of nutritious foods. Involving teenagers in cooking encourages responsibility and interest in food. Regular meals and snacks help maintain consistent energy levels.

Useful Vocabulary

shopping – покупки

Example: Teenagers enjoy shopping for clothes and accessories.

store – магазин

Example: People often go to a store to buy groceries.

supermarket – супермаркет

Example: A supermarket has a wide variety of products.

mall – торговый центр

Example: Many teenagers visit a mall with friends on weekends.

market – рынок

Example: Fresh fruits and vegetables are sold at the market.

online shopping – покупки онлайн

Example: Online shopping is convenient and saves time.

price – цена

Example: People always compare prices before buying items.

discount – скидка

Example: Stores offer discounts during holidays and sales.

sale – распродажа

Example: Black Friday is famous for big sales.

budget – бюджет

Example: Teenagers learn to manage their budget for personal expenses.

money – деньги

Example: Saving money helps people buy important items later.

wallet – кошелёк

Example: A wallet keeps money and cards organized.

cash – наличные

Example: People sometimes prefer paying with cash.

credit card – кредитная карта

Example: A credit card can be useful for online shopping.

purchase – покупка

Example: Making a thoughtful purchase avoids wasting money.

receipt – чек

Example: Always keep a receipt for proof of purchase.

return – возвращать

Example: People can return faulty products to the store.

exchange – обмен

Example: An exchange allows one to swap an item for a different size.

quality – качество

Example: Checking the quality of goods is important before buying.

brand – бренд

Example: Some teenagers prefer clothes from popular brands.

trend – тренд

Example: Fashion trends change every season.

advertisement – реклама

Example: Advertisements influence people’s shopping choices.

consumer – потребитель

Example: A responsible consumer compares products before buying.

choice – выбор

Example: People make choices based on needs and preferences.

need – необходимость

Example: People should distinguish between needs and wants.

want – желание

Example: Teenagers often buy things they want but do not need.

product – продукт, товар

Example: Reading labels helps people choose the right product.

review – отзыв

Example: Checking reviews online can guide one’s purchases.

delivery – доставка

Example: Fast delivery is a key advantage of online shopping.

shipping – доставка (почтой)

Example: Shipping costs are sometimes higher than the product price.

coupon – купон

Example: Using a coupon helps save money on purchases.

loyalty card – карта лояльности

Example: A loyalty card offers discounts to regular customers.

customer service – обслуживание клиентов

Example: Good customer service improves shopping experience.

brand loyalty – приверженность бренду

Example: Brand loyalty makes people buy the same brand repeatedly.

eco-friendly – экологичный

Example: Eco-friendly products reduce environmental impact.

packaging – упаковка

Example: Minimal packaging is better for the environment.

bargain – выгодная покупка

Example: Finding a bargain gives satisfaction to shoppers.

window shopping – просмотр витрин

Example: Window shopping is fun even without buying anything.

comparison – сравнение

Example: Price and quality comparison help make better decisions.

impulse buying – импульсивная покупка

Example: Impulse buying can lead to spending too much money.

Personal Questions and Sample Answers

1. How do teenagers usually shop, and what are the advantages of online shopping?

Teenagers shop both in stores and online. Online shopping is convenient, saves time, and allows one to compare prices easily. However, shopping in stores helps check the quality of products in person.

2. How can people make smart choices when buying products?

People can make smart choices by comparing prices, reading reviews, and checking the quality. Planning purchases and sticking to a budget prevents unnecessary spending. Being a responsible consumer improves satisfaction.

3. What is the difference between needs and wants, and why is it important?

Needs are essential items like food or school supplies, while wants are things like clothes or gadgets. Distinguishing between needs and wants helps manage money wisely. Teenagers who understand this develop good financial habits.

4. How can discounts, coupons, and sales affect shopping habits?

Discounts, coupons, and sales encourage people to buy more than planned. They can be helpful if the purchase is necessary, but may lead to impulse buying. Teenagers should learn to use such offers wisely.

5. What role do advertisements and trends play in consumer habits?

Advertisements and trends influence teenagers by creating interest in new products. They can encourage impulse buying or brand loyalty. Being aware of this influence helps people make conscious shopping decisions.

Useful Vocabulary

home – дом

Example: A comfortable home creates a peaceful environment for teenagers.

family – семья

Example: Family support is important for emotional well-being.

parents – родители

Example: Parents guide teenagers in making important decisions.

siblings – братья и сестры

Example: Siblings often share responsibilities at home.

grandparents – бабушки и дедушки

Example: Grandparents enjoy spending time with grandchildren.

relatives – родственники

Example: People visit relatives during holidays and celebrations.

household – домашнее хозяйство

Example: Maintaining a household requires cooperation from all family members.

chores – домашние дела

Example: Teenagers help with chores like cleaning and cooking.

responsibilities – обязанности

Example: Sharing responsibilities at home teaches discipline.

routine – распорядок

Example: A family routine helps organize daily activities efficiently.

dinner table – обеденный стол

Example: Families often discuss their day at the dinner table.

meal – приём пищи

Example: Eating meals together strengthens family bonds.

conversation – разговор

Example: Open conversation between family members improves understanding.

support – поддержка

Example: Emotional support from family helps teenagers overcome stress.

love – любовь

Example: Love and respect are the foundation of a happy family.

respect – уважение

Example: Respect for each other creates a peaceful home atmosphere.

rules – правила

Example: Household rules teach teenagers responsibility and discipline.

privacy – личное пространство

Example: Teenagers need privacy to study and relax at home.

sibling rivalry – соперничество между братьями и сестрами

Example: Sibling rivalry is normal but should be managed carefully.

family traditions – семейные традиции

Example: Family traditions help strengthen relationships.

holiday – праздник

Example: Families celebrate holidays together.

gathering – собрание, встреча

Example: Family gatherings are a good opportunity to communicate.

conversation topics – темы для разговора

Example: Conversation topics can include school, hobbies, or plans.

trust – доверие

Example: Trust between parents and teenagers is essential.

communication – общение

Example: Good communication prevents misunderstandings at home.

responsibility – ответственность

Example: Taking responsibility for tasks builds character.

household budget – семейный бюджет

Example: Planning the household budget teaches money management.

caring – забота

Example: Caring for family members strengthens relationships.

patience – терпение

Example: Patience is important when resolving family conflicts.

compromise – компромисс

Example: Compromise helps resolve disagreements in a peaceful way.

teamwork – командная работа

Example: Teamwork at home ensures all chores are done efficiently.

routine maintenance – регулярный уход

Example: Routine maintenance keeps the house safe and clean.

cleanliness – чистота

Example: Cleanliness at home contributes to health and comfort.

home environment – домашняя обстановка

Example: A positive home environment supports emotional growth.

rules enforcement – соблюдение правил

Example: Rules enforcement helps teenagers understand boundaries.

family activities – семейные мероприятия

Example: Family activities like hiking or games improve bonding.

shared responsibilities – общие обязанности

Example: Shared responsibilities teach cooperation and respect.

problem-solving – решение проблем

Example: Families use problem-solving to deal with conflicts.

celebration – празднование

Example: Celebrations bring family members closer together.

household management – управление домом

Example: Effective household management makes life easier for everyone.

Personal Questions and Sample Answers

1. How does family life influence a teenager’s development?

Family life provides emotional support, guidance, and stability. Positive relationships at home help teenagers develop confidence, responsibility, and social skills. A supportive family environment also reduces stress and encourages good habits.

2. What responsibilities do teenagers usually have at home?

Teenagers often help with chores such as cleaning, cooking, or caring for younger siblings. These responsibilities teach discipline and teamwork. Completing tasks also builds a sense of contribution to the household.

3. How can family traditions and gatherings strengthen relationships?

Family traditions and gatherings allow family members to spend quality time together. Celebrating holidays, birthdays, or special events helps build trust and communication. Such activities create lasting memories and a sense of belonging.

4. How should conflicts between siblings or family members be resolved?

Conflicts should be resolved through conversation, compromise, and patience. Family members can discuss problems calmly and find solutions together. Learning problem-solving skills at home prepares teenagers for future social situations.

5. What makes a positive home environment, and why is it important?

A positive home environment includes love, respect, communication, and cleanliness. It allows teenagers to feel safe and supported. This environment encourages emotional growth, healthy habits, and better academic performance.

Useful Vocabulary

friend – друг

Example: A true friend supports and understands during difficult times.

best friend – лучший друг

Example: Teenagers often share secrets with their best friend.

friendship – дружба

Example: Friendship helps people feel connected and supported.

acquaintance – знакомый