Английские слова и выражения для старших классов. Тематическая лексика и вопросы для подготовки к ОГЭ и ЕГЭ

Useful Vocabulary

celebration – празднование

Example: Families often organize a celebration for birthdays and holidays.

tradition – традиция

Example: Cultural traditions are passed down from generation to generation.

holiday – праздник

Example: National holidays bring families together.

festival – фестиваль

Example: Music festivals attract teenagers from different cities.

birthday – день рождения

Example: Teenagers enjoy celebrating their birthday with friends.

anniversary – годовщина

Example: Parents often celebrate wedding anniversaries together.

ceremony – церемония

Example: Graduation ceremonies are important milestones in life.

gift – подарок

Example: People exchange gifts during holidays and special occasions.

present – подарок

Example: Teenagers often receive presents from friends on birthdays.

party – вечеринка

Example: A party is a fun way to celebrate achievements.

decoration – украшение

Example: Decorations make celebrations more festive and enjoyable.

tradition-based food – традиционная еда

Example: Families prepare tradition-based food during holidays.

costume – костюм

Example: Teenagers wear special costumes for festivals and events.

music – музыка

Example: Music is an important part of celebrations.

dance – танец

Example: Dancing is popular during festivals and parties.

greeting – приветствие

Example: People exchange greetings on holidays and special occasions.

invitation – приглашение

Example: Sending an invitation is polite when organizing a party.

ceremony – церемония

Example: Award ceremonies honor achievements of students and teenagers.

family gathering – семейная встреча

Example: Family gatherings happen during holidays and birthdays.

tradition – обычай

Example: Lighting candles is a tradition in many celebrations.

festival activities – мероприятия фестиваля

Example: Festival activities include games, contests, and performances.

national holiday – национальный праздник

Example: National holidays are celebrated with parades and ceremonies.

cultural heritage – культурное наследие

Example: Celebrations often reflect cultural heritage of a country.

souvenir – сувенир

Example: People buy souvenirs to remember special celebrations.

fireworks – фейерверк

Example: Fireworks are common on New Year’s Eve and other holidays.

tradition keeper – хранитель традиций

Example: Grandparents often act as tradition keepers in families.

customary – обычный, привычный

Example: It is customary to greet guests with a smile.

ritual – ритуал

Example: Lighting candles can be part of a holiday ritual.

celebration cake – праздничный торт

Example: Birthday parties often include a celebration cake.

toast – тост

Example: During anniversaries, people make a toast to celebrate.

festive mood – праздничное настроение

Example: Decorations and music create a festive mood.

gathering place – место встречи

Example: Parks and halls are common gathering places for celebrations.

family tradition – семейная традиция

Example: Baking cookies together is a family tradition for many teenagers.

customs – обычаи

Example: Customs vary between different cultures and regions.

social event – общественное мероприятие

Example: Festivals are a popular social event for teenagers.

celebration day – день праздника

Example: Christmas is a special celebration day in many countries.

anniversary celebration – празднование годовщины

Example: Parents often organize an anniversary celebration with friends and relatives.

symbolic meaning – символическое значение

Example: Many traditions have symbolic meaning connected to culture and history.

annual – ежегодный

Example: Annual festivals are eagerly awaited by teenagers.

joyful – радостный

Example: Celebrations create a joyful atmosphere for everyone.

Personal Questions and Sample Answers

1. What are the most popular celebrations for teenagers, and why?

Teenagers often celebrate birthdays, school achievements, and national holidays. Celebrations give opportunities to meet friends, have fun, and create memories. They also help teenagers feel included in family and social life.

2. How do family traditions influence a teenager’s life?

Family traditions teach values, strengthen bonds, and create a sense of belonging. Teenagers learn respect, responsibility, and cultural heritage through traditions. Participating in traditions also improves communication and emotional connection with family.

3. What activities usually take place during festivals or celebrations?

Festivals and celebrations often include music, dancing, games, parties, and special meals. People exchange gifts and greetings, and sometimes participate in rituals. These activities make celebrations exciting and memorable.

4. How can teenagers participate in cultural or national traditions?

Teenagers can participate by joining family rituals, helping organize events, or attending festivals. They can also learn about the symbolic meaning of customs. Active participation strengthens understanding of culture and heritage.

5. Why is it important to maintain traditions and celebrate special occasions?

Maintaining traditions helps preserve cultural identity and family bonds. Celebrations provide joy, shared experiences, and emotional support. Teenagers who participate in traditions develop appreciation for heritage and social connections.

Useful Vocabulary

money – деньги

Example: Teenagers learn to manage money for personal expenses.

budget – бюджет

Example: Creating a budget helps people plan their spending.

income – доход

Example: Part-time jobs give teenagers extra income.

expenses – расходы

Example: Tracking expenses helps avoid overspending.

saving – сбережения

Example: Saving money regularly prepares one for future needs.

bank account – банковский счёт

Example: A bank account allows safe storage of money.

debit card – дебетовая карта

Example: A debit card helps pay for purchases without cash.

credit card – кредитная карта

Example: Using a credit card responsibly builds good financial habits.

loan – займ, кредит

Example: A loan may be needed for big purchases, but it requires repayment.

interest – процент (по кредиту или вкладу)

Example: Saving money in a bank account earns interest.

investment – инвестиция

Example: Investments can grow money over time.

income source – источник дохода

Example: Part-time jobs or allowances are common income sources for teenagers.

allowance – карманные деньги

Example: Teenagers often receive an allowance from parents.

expense tracking – учёт расходов

Example: Expense tracking helps maintain financial discipline.

financial goal – финансовая цель

Example: Setting a financial goal motivates saving money.

debt – долг

Example: Managing debt carefully prevents financial problems.

financial literacy – финансовая грамотность

Example: Financial literacy is important for responsible money management.

purchase – покупка

Example: Planning a purchase prevents unnecessary spending.

needs – нужды

Example: People should prioritize spending on needs before wants.

wants – желания

Example: Teenagers often buy things they want but do not need.

savings account – сберегательный счёт

Example: A savings account encourages regular saving habits.

emergency fund – резервный фонд

Example: An emergency fund is useful for unexpected expenses.

spending habit – привычка тратить

Example: Developing good spending habits prevents financial trouble.

financial planning – финансовое планирование

Example: Financial planning helps organize income, savings, and expenses.

cash – наличные

Example: People sometimes prefer cash for small purchases.

online payment – онлайн-платёж

Example: Online payment is convenient for shopping at home.

discount – скидка

Example: Using a discount reduces the cost of purchases.

sale – распродажа

Example: Teenagers enjoy sales for affordable shopping.

comparison shopping – сравнение цен

Example: Comparison shopping helps find the best price.

luxury – роскошь

Example: Teenagers should distinguish between necessary expenses and luxury items.

subscription – подписка

Example: Monthly subscriptions require regular payments.

financial responsibility – финансовая ответственность

Example: Financial responsibility is important for teenagers managing money.

budgeting app – приложение для бюджета

Example: A budgeting app helps track income and expenses.

financial mistake – финансовая ошибка

Example: Avoiding financial mistakes improves long-term money management.

reward – вознаграждение

Example: Saving money can bring the reward of buying something special.

interest rate – процентная ставка

Example: A high interest rate increases the cost of a loan.

profit – прибыль

Example: Small business projects can give teenagers some profit.

cost – стоимость

Example: Knowing the cost of items helps plan spending.

value – ценность

Example: Understanding the value of money teaches responsible spending.

financial independence – финансовая независимость

Example: Financial independence allows teenagers to make their own choices responsibly.

Personal Questions and Sample Answers

1. Why is it important for teenagers to manage their money wisely?

Managing money wisely helps teenagers develop responsibility and plan for the future. Good money management prevents debt and unnecessary spending. Teenagers who handle money carefully gain financial independence and confidence.

2. How can one create a budget and track expenses effectively?

A budget can be created by listing income and estimating expenses. Tracking expenses regularly ensures that spending stays within limits. Using apps or notes helps people maintain financial discipline.

3. What is the difference between needs and wants, and why should it be considered when spending?

Needs are essential items like food or school supplies, while wants are non-essential items like gadgets or clothes. Prioritizing needs prevents overspending and financial stress. Teenagers who understand this distinction develop responsible habits.

4. How can saving money and having an emergency fund benefit teenagers?

Saving money ensures resources are available for future needs. An emergency fund provides financial security during unexpected situations. Teenagers with savings learn patience and planning.

5. How can financial literacy and responsibility influence future life?

Financial literacy helps people understand income, expenses, and investments. Responsible financial habits prevent debt and encourage goal-setting. Teenagers who develop financial literacy are better prepared for adulthood.

Useful Vocabulary

fashion – мода

Example: Teenagers often follow fashion trends from magazines and social media.

style – стиль

Example: Personal style allows people to express their individuality.

clothing – одежда

Example: Clothing choices reflect personality and comfort.

outfit – наряд

Example: Teenagers choose outfits carefully for school or parties.

accessory – аксессуар

Example: Accessories like hats or jewelry complete an outfit.

trend – тренд

Example: Fashion trends change every season.

designer – дизайнер

Example: Designer clothes are often expensive but fashionable.

casual – повседневный

Example: Casual clothes are comfortable for school or home.

formal – официальный

Example: Formal attire is required for ceremonies or interviews.

elegant – элегантный

Example: Elegant dresses are popular for special occasions.

sneakers – кроссовки

Example: Sneakers are comfortable for sports and casual wear.

jeans – джинсы

Example: Jeans are a staple item in every teenager’s wardrobe.

t-shirt – футболка

Example: A t-shirt can be worn alone or under a jacket.

jacket – куртка

Example: Jackets protect from cold weather and complete the outfit.

coat – пальто

Example: A warm coat is essential in winter.

shoes – обувь

Example: Comfortable shoes are important for daily activities.

bag – сумка

Example: A backpack is a practical bag for school.

hat – шляпа, кепка

Example: Hats protect from the sun and add style.

dress – платье

Example: A summer dress is comfortable and fashionable.

skirt – юбка

Example: Skirts can be casual or formal depending on the occasion.

blouse – блузка

Example: A blouse is often worn with a skirt or trousers.

trousers – брюки

Example: Trousers are suitable for both school and formal events.

pattern – узор

Example: Patterns like stripes or checks add style to clothes.

colour – цвет

Example: People choose colours that suit their personality and mood.

fabric – ткань

Example: Natural fabrics like cotton are comfortable to wear.

brand – бренд

Example: Teenagers sometimes prefer clothes from popular brands.

shopping – покупки

Example: Shopping for clothes is a popular activity among teenagers.

sale – распродажа

Example: Sales allow people to buy fashionable items at lower prices.

fitting room – примерочная

Example: Teenagers check outfits in the fitting room before buying.

mirror – зеркало

Example: A mirror helps people see how an outfit looks.

style icon – икона стиля

Example: Many teenagers follow a style icon from social media.

fashion magazine – модный журнал

Example: Fashion magazines show current trends and styles.

wardrobe – гардероб

Example: A well-organized wardrobe helps choose outfits quickly.

casual wear – повседневная одежда

Example: Casual wear is comfortable for school and weekends.

formal wear – официальная одежда

Example: Formal wear is required for weddings and ceremonies.

accessory – аксессуар

Example: Accessories like scarves or watches complete an outfit.

hairstyle – причёска

Example: A new hairstyle can change a person’s overall look.

makeup – макияж

Example: Makeup is used to enhance features and create style.

personal image – личный образ

Example: Fashion and style help teenagers create a personal image.

self-expression – самовыражение

Example: Clothing and style are forms of self-expression.

Personal Questions and Sample Answers

1. How do teenagers choose their fashion style, and why is it important?

Teenagers choose fashion style based on comfort, trends, and personal taste. Style is important because it allows self-expression and boosts confidence. Clothing choices reflect personality and individuality.

2. How can accessories and clothing colours affect a person’s image?

Accessories and colours can enhance an outfit and create a specific mood. Bright colours can show energy, while neutral tones give elegance. Teenagers who choose accessories carefully express creativity and style.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of following fashion trends?

Following fashion trends helps teenagers stay stylish and socially included. However, trends can be expensive and change quickly. Balancing personal taste with trends creates a practical and unique style.

4. How does shopping for clothes influence teenagers’ habits and preferences?

Shopping for clothes teaches teenagers decision-making, budgeting, and awareness of quality. It also helps explore personal preferences and style. Regular shopping experiences improve confidence and social skills.

5. How do personal image and self-expression relate to fashion?

Personal image is reflected in clothing, hairstyle, and accessories. Fashion allows teenagers to express creativity and individuality. Self-expression through style builds confidence and social identity.

Useful Vocabulary

house – дом

Example: A house provides comfort and privacy for a family.

apartment – квартира

Example: Teenagers often share an apartment with family or roommates.

flat – квартира

Example: Flats in cities are smaller but convenient for living.

room – комната

Example: Teenagers usually decorate their own room according to taste.

bedroom – спальня

Example: A bedroom is a private space for rest and study.

living room – гостиная

Example: Families spend time together in the living room.

kitchen – кухня

Example: Cooking and meals usually happen in the kitchen.

bathroom – ванная

Example: Bathrooms need to be clean and organized.

furniture – мебель

Example: Furniture makes a home comfortable and functional.

sofa – диван

Example: A sofa in the living room is used for relaxation.

bed – кровать

Example: A comfortable bed is important for good sleep.

table – стол

Example: A table is used for meals, study, or work.

chair – стул

Example: Chairs are necessary for sitting at a table or desk.

wardrobe – шкаф

Example: Teenagers keep clothes organized in a wardrobe.

desk – письменный стол

Example: A desk provides a place for study and homework.

shelf – полка

Example: Shelves are used to store books and decorations.

rent – аренда

Example: Renting an apartment is common in big cities.

landlord – арендодатель

Example: The landlord manages the property and collects rent.