Latin Phrase-Book
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nuntio allato or accepto– on receiving the news.
Romam nuntiatum est, allatum est– news reached Rome.
certiorem facere aliquem (alicuius rei or de aliqua re) – to inform a person.
mentionem facere alicuius rei or de aliqua re81– to mention a thing.
mentionem inicere de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf. – to mention a thing incidentally, casually.
in mentionem alicuius rei incidere– to mention a thing incidentally, casually.
mentio alicuius rei incidit– to mention a thing incidentally, casually.
20. Fame – Reputation
gloriam, famam sibi comparare– to gain distinction.
gloriam (immortalem) consequi, adipisci– to win (undying) fame.
gloriae, laudi esse– to confer distinction on a person; to redound to his credit.
laudem afferre– to confer distinction on a person; to redound to his credit.
gloria, laude florere– to be very famous, illustrious.
summa gloria florere– to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence.
clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari (not the post-classical clarescere or inclarescere– to become famous, distinguish oneself.
gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire– to become famous, distinguish oneself.
aliquem immortali gloria afficere– to confer undying fame on, immortalise some one.
aliquem sempiternae gloriae commendare– to confer undying fame on, immortalise some one.
immortalitatem consequi, adipisci, sibi parere– to attain eternal renown.
gloria duci– to be guided by ambition.
laudis studio trahi– to be guided by ambition.
laudem, gloriam quaerere– to be guided by ambition.
stimulis gloriae concitari– to be spurred on by ambition.
gloriae, laudis cupiditate incensum esse, flagrare– to be consumed by the fires of ambition.
de gloria, fama alicuius detrahere– to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.
alicuius gloriae or simply alicui obtrectare– to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.
alicuius famam, laudem imminuere– to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person.
obscurare alicuius gloriam, laudem, famam 82 (not obscurare aliquem) – to render obscure, eclipse a person.
famae servire, consulere– to have regard for one's good name.
famam ante collectam tueri, conservare– to live up to one's reputation.
bene, male audire (ab aliquo)– to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of.
bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo– to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of.
famam crudelitatis subire (Catil. 4. 6. 12) – to gain the reputation of cruelty.
infamiam alicui inferre, aspergere– to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour.
infamem facere aliquem– to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour.
magnam sui famam relinquere– to leave a great reputation behind one.
opinionem virtutis habere– to have the reputation of virtue.
existimatio 83 hominum, omnium– the common opinion, the general idea.
21. Honour – Disgrace – Ignominy
esse in honore apud aliquem– to be honoured, esteemed by some one.
honorem alicui habere, tribuere– to honour, show respect for, a person.
aliquem honore afficere, augere, ornare, prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi…) – to honour, show respect for, a person.
aliquem cupiditate honorum inflammare (or aliquem ad cupiditatem honorum inflammare) – to kindle ambition in some one's mind.
honores concupiscere (opp. aspernari) – to aspire to dignity, high honours.
honoris causa aliquem nominare or appellare– to speak of some one respectfully.
statuam alicui ponere, constituere– to set up a statue in some one's honour.
aliquem colere et observare (Att. 2. 19) – to pay respect to, be courteous to a person.
aliquem ignominia afficere, notare– to inflict an indignity upon, insult a person.
alicui ignominiam inurere– to inflict an indignity upon, insult a person.
infamiam concipere, subire, sibi conflare– to incur ignominy.
vitae splendori(em) maculas(is) aspergere– to sully one's fair fame.
notam turpitudinis alicui or vitae alicuius inurere– to injure a man's character, tarnish his honour.
ignominiam non ferre– to chafe under an indignity, repudiate it.
maculam (conceptam) delere, eluere– to blot out a reproach.
22. Effort – Industry – Labour – Exertion
studiose (diligenter, enixe, sedulo, maxime) dare operam, ut…– to take great pains in order to…
egregiam operam (multum, plus etc. operae) dare alicui rei– to expend great labour on a thing.
operam alicui rei tribuere, in aliquid conferre– to expend great labour on a thing.
operam (laborem, curam) in or ad aliquid impendere– to expend great labour on a thing.
multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re– to exert oneself very energetically in a matter.
studium, industriam (not diligentiam) collocare, ponere in aliqua re– to apply oneself zealously, diligently to a thing.
incumbere in (ad) aliquid– to be energetic about, throw one's heart into a thing.
opus 84 facere (De Senect. 7. 24) – to do work (especially agricultural).
opus aggredi– to take a task in hand, engage upon it.
ad opus faciendum accedere– to take a task in hand, engage upon it.
res est multi laboris et sudoris– the matter involves much labour and fatigue.
desudare et elaborare in aliqua re (De Senect. 11. 38) – to exert oneself very considerably in a matter.
labori, operae non parcere– to spare no pains.
laborem non intermittere– to work without intermission.
nullum tempus a labore intermittere– not to leave off work for an instant.
lucubrare (Liv. 1. 57) – to work by night, burn the midnight oil.
inanem laborem suscipere– to lose one's labour.
operam (et oleum) perdere or frustra consumere– to lose one's labour.
rem actam or simply actum agere (proverb.) – to have all one's trouble for nothing.
labore supersedēre (itineris) (Fam. 4. 2. 4) – to spare oneself the trouble of the voyage.
patiens laboris– capable of exertion.
fugiens laboris– lazy.
operae pretium est (c. Inf.) – it is worth while.
acti labores iucundi (proverb.) – rest after toil is sweet.
contentionem adhibere– to exert oneself.
omnes nervos 85 in aliqua re contendere– to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
omnibus viribusor nervis contendere, ut– to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
omni ope atque opera or omni virium contentione eniti, ut– to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
contendere et laborare, ut– to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut– to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter.
23. Business – Leisure – Inactivity – Idleness
negotium suscipere– to undertake an affair.
negotium obire, exsequi– to execute, manage a business, undertaking.
negotium conficere, expedire, transigere– to arrange, settle a matter.
negotia agere, gerere– to be occupied with business, busy.
multis negotiis implicatum, districtum, distentum, obrutum esse– to be involved in many undertakings; to be much occupied, embarrassed, overwhelmed by business-claims.
negotiis vacare– to be free from business.
occupatum esse in aliqua re– to be engaged upon a matter.
intentum esse alicui rei– to be engaged upon a matter.
negotium alicui facessere (Fam. 3. 10. 1) – to give a person trouble, inconvenience him.
magnum negotium est c. Inf. – it is a great undertaking to…
nullo negotio– without any trouble.
otiosum esse– to be at leisure.
in otio esse or vivere– to be at leisure.
otium habere– to be at leisure.
otio frui– to be at leisure.
otio abundare– to have abundance of leisure.
otium sequi, amplexari– to be a lover of ease, leisure.
otiosum tempus consumere in aliqua re– to spend one's leisure hours on an object.
otio abūti 86 or otium ad suum usum transferre– to use up, make full use of one's spare time.
(in) otio languere et hebescere– to grow slack with inactivity, stagnate.
otio diffluere– to grow slack with inactivity, stagnate.
desidiae et languori se dedere– to abandon oneself to inactivity and apathy.
ignaviae 87 et socordiae se dare– to abandon oneself to inactivity and apathy.
per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere– to pass one's life in luxury and idleness.
24. Pleasure – Recreation
voluptatem ex aliqua re capere or percipere– to derive pleasure from a thing.
voluptate perfundi– to revel in pleasure, be blissfully happy.
voluptatibus frui– to take one's fill of enjoyment.
voluptates haurire– to take one's fill of enjoyment.
se totum voluptatibus dedere, tradere– to devote oneself absolutely to the pursuit of pleasure.
homo voluptarius (Tusc. 2. 7. 18) – a devotee of pleasure; a self-indulgent man.
voluptatis illecebris deleniri– to be led astray, corrupted by the allurements of pleasure.
voluptatis blanditiis corrumpi– to be led astray, corrupted by the allurements of pleasure.
in voluptates se mergere– to plunge into a life of pleasure.
animum a voluptate sevocare– to hold aloof from all amusement.
voluptates (corporis)– sensual pleasure.
voluptatis or animi causa (B. G. 5. 12) – for one's own diversion; to satisfy a whim.
deliciis diffluere– to wanton in the pleasures of sense.
animum relaxare, reficere, recreare or simply se reficere, se recreare, refici, recreari (ex aliqua re)– to recruit oneself, seek relaxation.
animum or simply se remittere– to indulge oneself.
animo or simply sibi indulgere– to indulge oneself.
VI. The Mind; its Functions
1. Genius – Talent – Intelligence
magno animo esse– to be magnanimous, broad-minded.
animum attendere ad aliquid– to turn one's attention to a thing.
diligenter attendere (aliquid)– to attend carefully.
alias res or aliud agere– to be inattentive.
animo adesse 88– (1) to be attentive; (2) to keep one's presence of mind.
vir magno ingenio, ingeniosus– a man of ability.
vir magno ingenio praeditus– a man of ability.
ingenio valere– to be talented, gifted.
ingenio abundare– to be very talented.
natura et ingenium– natural gifts.
ingenium acuere– to sharpen the wits.
ingenii acumen– penetration; sagacity.
ingenii tarditas (opp. celeritas) – dulness of intellect.
ingenii infirmitas or imbecillitas– weakmindedness.
mentis compotem esse– to be of sane mind.
mente captum esse, mente alienata esse– to be out of one's mind.
sanae mentis esse– to be of sound mind.
mentis quasi luminibus officere (vid. sect. XIII. 6) or animo caliginem offundere– to obscure the mental vision.
intellegentia or mente multum valere89– to possess great ability.
ad intellegentiam communem or popularem accommodare aliquid– to accommodate something to the standard of the popular intelligence.
2. Imagination – Thought
animo, cogitatione aliquid fingere (or simply fingere, but without sibi), informare– to form an idea of a thing, imagine, conceive.
animo concipere aliquid– to form an idea of a thing, imagine, conceive.
animo, cogitatione aliquid praecipere (Off 1. 23. 81) – to form a conception of a thing beforehand.
cogitatione sibi aliquid depingere– to picture to oneself.
ingenium, cogitatio– imagination.
ingenii vis or celeritas– vivid, lively imagination.
rerum imagines– creatures of the imagination.
res cogitatione fictae or depictae– creatures of the imagination.
opinionum commenta, ineptiae, monstra, portenta– extravagant fictions of fancy.
animo, mente, cogitatione aliquid comprehendere, complecti– to grasp a thing mentally.
in eam cogitationem incidere– to happen to think of…
haec cogitatio subit animum– an idea strikes me.
illud succurrit mihi– an idea strikes me.
mihi in mentem venit alicuius rei– something comes into my mind.
aliquid animo meo obversatur (cf. sect. III, s. v. oculi) – a vague notion presents itself to my mind.
aliquem ad eam cogitationem adducere ut– to induce a person to think that…
alicuius animum ab aliqua re abducere– to draw away some one's attention from a thing.
cogitationem, animum in aliquid intendere (Acad. 4. 46) – to direct one's attention…
omnes cogitationes ad aliquid conferre– to give all one's attention to a thing.
mentem in aliqua re defigere– to fix all one's thoughts on an object.
in cogitatione defixum esse– to be deep in thought.
cogitationes in res humiles abicere (De Amic. 9. 32) (Opp. alte spectare, ad altiora tendere, altum, magnificum, divinum suspicere) – to study the commonplace.
3. Conceptions – Ideals – Perfection
notiones animo (menti) insitae, innatae– innate ideas.
intellegentiae adumbratae 90 or incohatae (De Leg. 1. 22. 59) – vague, undeveloped ideas.
notionem or rationem alicuius rei in animo informare or animo concipere– to form a conception, notion of a thing.
absolutus et perfectus– absolutely perfect.
omnibus numeris absolutus (N. D. 2. 13) – perfect in every detail.
ad summum perducere– to bring to the highest perfection.
perficere et absolvere– to bring to the highest perfection.
ad perfectionem, (ad summum) pervenire– to attain perfection.
absolutio et perfectio (not summa perfectio) – ideal perfection.
cogitatione, non re– ideally, not really.
undique expleta et perfecta forma– an ideal.
species optima or eximia, specimen, also simply species, forma– an ideal.
comprehensam quandam animo speciem (alicuius rei) habere– to have formed an ideal notion of a thing.
singularem quandam perfectionis imaginem animo concipere– to conceive an ideal.
imaginem perfecti oratoris adumbrare– to sketch the ideal of an orator.
civitas optima, perfecta Platonis– Plato's ideal republic.
illa civitas Platonis commenticia– Plato's ideal republic.
illa civitas, quam Plato finxit– Plato's ideal republic.
4. Opinion – Prejudice – Conjecture
in sententia manere, permanere, perseverare, perstare– to abide by, persist in one's opinion.
illud, hoc teneo– I abide by this opinion.
a sententia sua discedere– to give up one's opinion.
de sententia sua decedere– to give up one's opinion.
(de) sententia desistere– to give up one's opinion.
de sententia deici, depelli, deterreri– to be forced to change one's mind.
de sententia aliquem deducere, movere– to make a man change his opinion.
aliquem ad suam sententiam perducere or in suam sententiam adducere– to win a man over to one's own way of thinking.
ad alicuius sententiam accedere, sententiam alicuius sequi– to adopt some one's opinion.
idem sentire (opp. dissentire ab aliquo) – to hold the same views.
sententiam suam aperire 91– to freely express one's opinions.
sententiam fronte celare, tegere– not to betray one's feelings by one's looks.
dic quid sentias 92– give me your opinion.
in hac sum sententia, ut…putem– I think that…
plura in eam sententiam disputare– to discuss a subject more fully on the same lines.
ut mea fert opinio– according to my opinion.
ut mihi quidem videtur– according to my opinion.
mea (quidem) sententia– according to my opinion.
quot homines, tot sententiae– many men, many minds.
opiniones falsas animo imbibere– to be imbibing false opinions.
opinionibus falsis imbui– to be imbibing false opinions.
opinionis error– erroneous opinion.
opinio praeiudicata, also simply opinio (not praeiudicium = a preliminary decision) – prejudice.
opinio confirmata, inveterata– a rooted opinion.
opinionum pravitate infici– to be filled with absurd prejudices.
opinionum commenta (N. D. 2. 2. 5) – chimeras.
monstra or portenta– marvellous ideas; prodigies.
coniectura assequi, consequi, aliquid coniectura colligere– to conjecture.
quantum ego coniectura assequor, auguror– as far as I can guess.
coniecturam alicuius rei facere or capere ex aliqua re– to infer by comparison, judge one thing by another.
de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere– to judge others by oneself.
aliquid in coniectura positum est– it is a matter of conjecture, supposition.
aliquid coniectura nititur, continetur (Div. 1. 14. 24) – it is a matter of conjecture, supposition.
probabilia coniectura sequi– to try to conjecture probabilities.
aliquid mihi nec opinanti, insperanti accidit– a thing has happened contrary to my expectation.
5. Truth – Error
verum dicere, profiteri– to speak the truth, admit the truth.
omnia ad veritatem 93 dicere– to be truthful in all one's statements.
veritatis amans, diligens, studiosus– truthful; veracious.
a vero aversum esse (Catil. 3. 1. 29) – to be averse to truth.
a veritate deflectere, desciscere– to swerve from the truth.
veri videndi, investigandi cupiditas– love of truth.
veri inquisitio atque investigatio– zealous pursuit of truth.
a vero abduci– to be led away from the truth.
proxime ad verum accedere– to be very near the truth.
a vero non abhorrere– to be probable.
veri simile esse– to be probable.
haec speciosiora quam veriora sunt– this is more plausible than true.
vera et falsa (a falsis) diiudicare– to distinguish true and false.
vera cum falsis confundere– to confuse true with false.
veritas– veracity.
re (vera), reapse (opp. specie) – in truth; really.
in errore versari– to be mistaken.
magno errore teneri– to be in gross error, seriously misled.
in magno errore versari– to be in gross error, seriously misled.
vehementer errare– to be in gross error, seriously misled.
erroribus implicari (Tusc. 4. 27. 58) – to fall into error.
per errorem labi, or simply labi– to take a false step.
aliquem in errorem inducere, rapere– to lead a person into error.
errorem animo imbibere– to get a mistaken notion into the mind.
errorem cum lacte nutricis sugere (Tusc. 3. 1. 2) – to imbibe error from one's mother's breasts.
error longe lateque diffusus– a wide-spread error.
errorem tollere– to banish an error, do away with a false impression.
errorem amputare et circumcīdere– to banish an error, do away with a false impression.
errorem stirpitus extrahere– to totally eradicate false principles.
errorem deponere, corrigere– to amend, correct one's mistake.
alicui errorem demere, eripere, extorquere– to undeceive a person.
nisi fallor– if I am not mistaken.
nisi (animus) me fallit– if I am not mistaken.
nisi omnia me fallunt– unless I'm greatly mistaken.
6. Choice – Doubt – Scruple
optionem alicui dare (Acad. 2. 7. 19) – to give a person his choice.
optionem alicui dare, utrum…an– to offer a person the alternative of… or…
in dubium vocare– to throw doubt upon a thing.
in dubio ponere– to throw doubt upon a thing.
in dubium venire– to become doubtful.
quod aliquam (magnam) dubitationem habet (Leg. Agr. 1. 4. 11) – a thing which is rather (very) dubious.
dubitatio mihi affertur, inicitur– a doubt arises in my mind.
dubitationem alicui tollere– to relieve a person of his doubts.
aliquid in medio, in dubio relinquere
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1
Creare is usually employed in the sense of producing, originating, causing, e.g. similitudo creat errorem; periculum alicui creare. It has, however, occasionally the meaning to create, e.g. De Fin. rerum quas creat natura.
2
To the Romans orbis terrarum (more rarely orbis terrae) meant all those countries which made up the Roman Empire.
3
ferre is also used metaphorically, to produce, e.g. haec aetas perfectum oratorem tulit (Brut. 12. 45).
4
But Pyrenaei montes, saltus occur (B. G. 1. 1. 7; B.C. 1. 37. 1).
5
Also used metaphorically, e.g. (se) emergere ex malis (Nep. Att. 11. 1) to recover from misfortune. So emergere e fluctibus servitutis (Harusp. Resp. 23. 48).
6
aquae ductio = the action, process of drawing off the water; canalis = the water-pipe, channel, conduit.
7
So metaphorically, aere alieno obrutum esse, to be over head and ears in debt; nomen alicuius obruere perpetua oblivione, to drown a person's name in oblivion.
8