Collins Easy Learning Irish Verbs: Trusted support for learning

Cóipcheart / Copyright

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Second Edition 2017

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank those authors and publishers who kindly gave permission for copyright material to be used in the Collins Corpus. We would also like to thank Times Newspapers Ltd for providing valuable data.

E-book Edition © August 2017

ISBN 9780008142032

Version: 2017-06-13

Clár / Contents

Clúdach / Cover

Leathanach Teidil / Title Page

Cóipcheart / Copyright

Noda / Abbreviations

Canúintí na Gaeilge / Irish Dialects

Na hEochairbhriathra / The Key Verbs

Réamhrá / Introduction

Táblaí na mBriathra / Verb Tables

Aguisín A / Appendix A

Achoimre Gramadaí / Grammar Synopsis

Faoin Údar / About the Author

Maidir leis an bhFoilsitheoir / About the Publisher

Canúintí na Gaeilge / Irish Dialects

Na hEochairbhriathra / The Key Verbs

Réamhrá / Introduction

Más foghlaimeoir thú nó más ag iarraidh an mheirg a bhaint de do chuid Gaeilge nó ag ullmhú do scrúduithe atá tú, tá an dá imleabhar Easy Learning Irish Verbs agus a chomhleabhar sraithe Easy Learning Irish Grammar, anseo le cuidiú leat.

Is féidir leis an téarmaíocht theicniúil bac a chur ar fhoghlaimeoirí atá ag iarraidh eolas a chur ar ghramadach theanga nua, ach mínítear na téarmaí seo ina n-iomláine san Easy Learning Irish Grammar. Is uirlis ghasta thagartha é an leabhar Easy Learning Irish Verbs a chuireann táblaí briathra ar fáil don bhunfhoghlaimeoir agus fiú don chainteoir líofa a úsáideann an teanga ar bhonn laethúil ar bhealach simplí soiléir.

Tá Easy Learning Irish Verbs struchtúrtha i ranna a éascóidh úsáid agus tuiscint na mbriathra duit.

Sa chéad roinn tugtar táblaí do 115 eochairbhriathar (idir rialta agus neamhrialta) ina dtugtar na seacht n-aimsir agus modh éagsúla – mar aon leis an ghas/fhréamh, leis an ainm briathartha, agus leis an aidiacht bhriathartha. Is iad an gas agus an t-ainm briathartha an dá chuid is tábhachtaí de bhriathar ar bith – agus cé go n-úsáidtear an aidiacht bhriathartha mar ‘aidiacht’, feicfear níos minice é mar ‘rangabháil chaite’ leis na na haimsirí éagsúla foirfe a dhéanamh. In Aguisín A, i ndiaidh na dtáblaí, tugtar leaganacha Béarla do na leaganacha difriúla den bhriathar a réimnítear i nGaeilge sna táblaí – agus úsáidtear an briathar glan ‘clean’ mar shampla.

Is sa Chaighdeán Oifigiúil a thugtar príomhtháblaí na mbriathra – bíodh go liostáiltear príomhleaganacha canúnacha mar fhonótaí sna táblaí céanna do na trí mhórchanúint: Cúige Uladh, Cúige Chonnacht agus Cúige Mumhan. Cuideoidh seo leis an úsáideoir eolas a chur ar an Chaighdeán Oifigiúil agus ar Gaeilge bheo na Gaeltachta a chluintear go minic fosta sna meáin chumarsáide agus a léitear i litríocht réigiúnach na Nua-Ghaeilge.

Cuireann Achoimre Gramadaí críoch leis an imleabhar seo de Easy Learning Irish Verbs.

Tugann Easy Learning Irish Grammar céim níos faide thú leis an fhoghlaim. Is forlíonadh é ar an méid eolais atá ar fáil in Easy Learning Irish Verbs ag tabhairt tuilleadh léirithe agus treoracha ar úsáid na mbriathra, gan trácht ar ghnéithe eile de ghramadach na Gaeilge. Is cinnte go gcuideoidh an dá leabhar Easy Learning IrishVerbs agus Easy Learning Irish Grammar leatsa, mar fhoghlaimeoir, agus tú ag tabhairt faoin Ghaeilge.

Whether you are starting to learn Irish for the very first time, brushing up your language skills or revising for your exams, the Easy Learning Irish Verbs and its companion volume, the Easy Learning Irish Grammar, are here to help.

Newcomers can sometimes struggle with the technical terms they come across when they start to explore the grammar of a new language but these are explained fully in the Easy Learning Irish Grammar. The Easy Learning Irish Verbs is a handy reference source which presents verb tables for the learner and everyday language user in a simple, uncluttered manner.

Easy Learning IrishVerbs is divided into sections to help you become confident in using and understanding Irish verbs. The first section consists of the verb tables for 115 key Irish verbs (regular and irregular) which are given in full for the various seven tenses and moods – complete with the stem, the verbal noun plus the verbal adjective. The stem and the verbal noun (or infinitive) are the two most important parts of any verb. While the verbal adjective may be used as an ‘adjective’, it will appear more commonly as a ‘past participle’ in forming the various perfect tenses. Appendix A follows the verb tables and gives clear-cut information on the different parts of the Irish verbs conjugated by providing full parallel English translations of all the verbal forms for the sample verb glan ‘clean’.

The main verb tables are presented in the Standard language – however some key variants are provided as footnotes to the tables for the three main dialects of Ulster, Connaught and Munster. This will enable the user to become acquainted with Standard Irish and with the key spoken variants in the Gaeltacht (or ‘Irish-speaking’) areas, often heard on the media, and found in the regional literature of Modern Irish.

A short Grammar Appendix rounds off the volume Easy Learning Irish Verbs.

The Easy Learning Irish Grammar takes you a step further in your language learning. It supplements the information given in the Easy Learning Irish Verbs by offering even more guidance on the usage and meaning of verbs, as well as looking at the most important aspects of Irish grammar. Together, or individually, the Easy Learning titles offer you all the help you need when learning Irish.

Táblaí na mBriathra / Verb Tables

1 abair say

2 aithin recognise

3 aithris imitate

4 amharc look

5 at swell

6 athraigh change

7 báigh drown

8 bailigh gather

9 bain cut, win

10 beannaigh bless

11 beir bear

12 bí be

13 is the copula

14 bog move

15 bris break

16 brúigh press, push

17 caill lose

18 caith spend, wear

19 cas twist, turn

20 ceangail tie

21 ceannaigh buy

22 cloígh defeat

23 clois = cluin U hear

24 codail sleep

25 coinnigh keep

26 cruaigh harden

27 cruinnigh collect

28 cuir put

29 dathaigh colour

30 déan do, make

31 díol sell

32 dírigh straighten

33 dóigh burn

34 druid close, shut

35 dúisigh wake up

36 dún close, shut

37 eagraigh organise

38 éirigh get up

39 éist listen

40 fág leave

41 faigh get

42 fan wait

43 fás grow

44 feic see

45 feoigh rot, decay

46 fiafraigh ask, enquire

47 fill = pill U return

48 fliuch wet, soak

49 foghlaim learn, teach

50 foilsigh publish

51 freagair answer

52 freastail attend

53 géill yield

54 glan clean

55 goirtigh salt, pickle

56 gortaigh hurt, injure

57 iarr ask, request

58 imigh leave, go off

59 imir play (game)

60 inis tell

61 iompair carry

62 ionsaigh attack

63 ith eat

64 labhair speak

65 las light

66 léigh read

67 lig let, permit

68 maraigh kill

69 meath wither, rot

70 mill destroy, ruin

71 mínigh explain

72 mionnaigh swear

73 mol praise

74 múscail wake up

75 neartaigh strengthen

76 nigh wash

77 oil train, rear

78 ól drink

79 ordaigh order

80 oscail=foscail U open

81 pacáil pack

82 pós marry

83 rith run

84 roinn = rann divide

85 sábháil save

86 scanraigh frighten

87 scaoil shoot, loosen

88 scríobh write

89 seachain avoid

90 seas stand

91 sín stretch

92 sínigh sign

93 siúil walk

94 smaoinigh think

95 socraigh arrange

96 stampáil stamp

97 suigh sit

98 tabhair give

99 tagair refer

100 taispeáin show

101 taistil travel

102 taitin shine

103 tar come

104 tarraing pull, draw

105 teann tighten

106 téigh go

107 tiomáin drive

108 tit fall

109 tóg lift

110 tosaigh begin

111 trácht mention

112 triomaigh dry

113 tuig understand

114 tuirsigh tire, exhaust

115 ullmhaigh prepare

1 abair say, rá, ráite

an aimsir chaite/the past tense

dúirt mé

dúirt tú

dúirt sé/sí

dúramar

dúirt sibh

dúirt siad

dúradh/húradh

ní dúirt

an ndúirt?

go ndúirt

nach ndúirt

ní dúradh/níor húradh

an ndúradh?

go/nach ndúradh

1sg dúrt/dúras, 2sg dúrais, 2pl dúrabhair M 1pl dúirt muid CU 3pl dúradar MC d’úirt, níor úirt, ar/gur/nár úirt etc., aut. húradh: níor, ar gur, nár húradh; CU

an aimsir láithreach/the present tense

deirim

deir tú

deir sé/sí

deirimid

deir sibh

deir siad

deirtear

ní deir

an ndeir?

go ndeir

nach ndeir

1pl deir muid CU 3pl deirid (siad) M rel. a deir; deireann sé dial.

var. dep. ní abrann, an abrann? etc U

an aimsir fháistineach/the future tense

déarfaidh mé

déarfaidh tú

déarfaidh sé/sí

déarfaimid

déarfaidh sibh

déarfaidh siad

déarfar

ní déarfaidh

an ndéarfaidh?

go ndéarfaidh

nach ndéarfaidh

1sg déarfad, 2sg déarfair M déarfaidh muid CU rel. a déarfas.

Dep. ní abróchaidh, go n-abróchaidh (var. abóraidh) U

an modh coinníollach/the conditional mood

déarfainn

déarfá

déarfadh sé/sí

déarfaimis

déarfadh sibh

déarfaidís

déarfaí

ní déarfadh

an ndéarfadh?

go ndéarfadh

nach ndéarfadh

1pl déarfadh muid C 3pl déarfadh siad U dep. ní abróchainn (ní abórainn),

ní abróchadh, go n-abróchadh (var. abóradh) U

an aimsir ghnáthchaite/the imperfect tense

deirinn

deirteá

deireadh sé/sí

deirimis

deireadh sibh

deiridís

deirtí

ní deireadh

an ndeireadh?

go ndeireadh

nach ndeireadh

1pl deireadh muid C 3pl deireadh siad U Ba ghnách liom a rá etc. U dep. ní abrainn, ní abradh sé, go n-abradh etc. U

an modh ordaitheach/the imperative mood

abraim

abair

abradh sé/sí

abraimis

abraigí

abraidís

abairtear

ná habair

3pl abradh siad U

an foshuiteach láithreach/the present subjunctive

go ndeire mé

go ndeire tú

go ndeire sé/sí

go ndeirimid

go ndeire sibh

go ndeire siad

go ndeirtear

nár deire

1pl go ndeire muid, go n-abra etc CU

2 aithin recognise, aithint, aitheanta

an aimsir chaite/the past tense

d’aithin mé

d’aithin tú

d’aithin sé/sí

d’aithníomar

d’aithin sibh

d’aithin siad

aithníodh/haithníodh

níor aithin

ar aithin?

gur aithin

nár aithin

níor aithníodh/níor haithníodh

ar aithníodh?

gur/nár aithníodh

1sg d(h)’aithníos, 2sg d(h)’aithnís, 2pl d(h)’aithníobhair M 1pl d’aithin muid UC 3pl d’aithníodar MC aut. haithníodh MCU

an aimsir láithreach/the present tense

aithním

aithníonn tú

aithníonn sé/sí

aithnímid

aithníonn sibh

aithníonn siad

aithnítear

ní aithníonn

an aithníonn?

go n-aithníonn

nach n-aithníonn

1pl aithníonn muid C 3pl aithníd (siad) M aithnim, aithneann sé, muid etc. U rel. a aithníos/a aithneas