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264
"Succession of Life on Earth." (Half-hour Recreations, 2nd Series, p. 329.)
265
Essays and Addresses, Owen's College, Manchester, p. 220, note.
266
See note, p. 238.
267
"Geological Contemporaneity," 1862. (Lay Sermons, p. 222.)
268
"Palæontology and Evolution," 1876. (Critiques and Addresses, p. 182.)
269
P. 187.
270
P. 192.
271
Genealogy of Animals.
272
Natural History of Creation.
273
Le Transformisme, pp. 337-340.
274
Lectures on Evolution, New York, 1876. Cheap Edition, p. 43.
275
Coming of Age of the Origin of Species, etc.
276
Essays on Controverted Questions, p. 450.
277
"Utebatur autem equo insigni, pedibus prope humanis, et in modum digitorum ungulis fissis; quem natum apud se, cum haruspices imperium orbis terrae significare domino pronuntiassent, magna cura aluit." (Suetonius, Julius, 61.)
278
The radius and ulna are the two bones of the forearm above the wrist; the tibia and fibula the corresponding bones of the leg above the ankle. In the horse, the ulna and fibula are almost, but not quite, lost.
279
Animals and plants are placed in different species when the differences between them are only relative; in different genera, when such differences are absolute. Thus, for example, the size of teeth is considered relative; the number of teeth absolute.
280
American Journal of Science and Arts, 3rd Series, vol. 43 (1892), p. 351.
281
Modern Ideas of Evolution, p. 119.
282
Types of Animal Life, 205.
283
Nicholson and Lydekker's Manual of Palæontology, ii. 1362.
284
Origin of Species, c. xi.
285
Lydekker, p. 1361.
286
Evolution of the Horse, 12.
287
"Succession of Life on Earth" (Recreations in Popular Science, 2nd Series, p. 339).
288
British Museum (Nat. Hist.) Guide to fossil mammals and birds, p. 38.
289
American Journal of Science and Art, 3rd Series, vol. 43 (1892), p. 351.
290
The Evolution of the Horse, p. 16.
291
Lydekker, ut sup. p. 1363.
292
Sir W. Flower, The Horse, p. 74.
293
"It is a consequence of the theory of Natural Selection that identity of structure involves community of descent; a given result can only be arrived at through a given sequence of events; the same morphological goal cannot be reached by two independent paths." Milnes Marshall, Biological Lectures, 247.
294
Origin of Species, c. xi. "Geological Succession of Organic Beings."
295
Tablet, April 21, 1888, p. 637.
296
Catalogue of Mammals, etc., ut sup. p. 38.
297
Chain of Life, p. 222.
298
Les Enchainements du Monde Animal … Mammifères Tertiaires.
299
Chain of Life, 227.
300
It is the "fingers" of the bat's "hand" which support the wing membrane. Hence the scientific name Cheiroptera.
301
E.g. Dinotherium giganteum and Elephas meridionalis. (Vid. Gaudry, op. cit. 169.)
302
Lecture at Royal Institution, January 2, 1904.
303
A remarkable instance of the need of caution is furnished by the history of the Dinotherium itself. From the teeth, first found, Cuvier set down the animal as a monster Tapir. Then, a whole skull being discovered, Herr Kaup of Darmstadt, commenting upon the danger of such a proceeding, himself classed the beast among the Edentata (Sloths, etc.), and afterwards among the Hippopotami. Buckland and Strauss thought it must have been an aquatic creature; Blainville and Pictet labelled it a Manatee, or sea-cow. (Vid. Gaudry, op. cit. 187-9.)
304
Op. cit. p. 191.
305
Milnes Marshall, Lectures on Darwinian Theory, p. 66.
306
See Appendix C. p. 285.
307
Modern Ideas of Evolution, c. iv.
308
"Primeval Vegetation in its relation to the Doctrine of Natural Selection and Evolution." (Essays and Addresses, Owen's College, Manchester, p. 200.)
309
History of Creation, ii. 92, English Edition.
310
Ibid., p. 295.
311
Les Emules de Darwin, ii. 76.
312
As an instance M. de Quatrefages cites Haeckel's own words, from his Anthropogenie. "The Vertebrate Ancestor No. 15, akin to the Salamanders, must have been a species of Saurian (Lizard). There remains to us no fossil relic of this animal; in no respect did he resemble any form actually existing. Nevertheless, comparative anatomy and ontogeny authorize us in affirming that he once existed. We will call this animal Protamnion."
313
Ibid., p. 122.
314
Revue Scientifique (1886), p. 486.
315
Ibid. (1877), I. 1101.
316
Origin of Species, c. x.
317
Genesis of Species, p. 134.
318
Le monde des plantes avant l'apparition de l'homme, p. vi.
319
Op. cit., p. 288.
320
Life of Darwin, ii. 193.
321
Epistle I – to Pope.
322
Hibbert Journal, January, 1903.
323
Order of Nature, p. 239.
324
Thoughts on Religion, p. 123.
325
Presidential Address, British Association, 1871.
326
Système Analytique des Connaissances positives de l'homme (1830), pp. 8, 43.
327
North American Slime Moulds, Introduction, p. II.
328
Bloud's Science et Religion, No. 431, pp. 50, seq.
329
Traité de Microbiologie, I., p. 253. Also the Magazine Broteria (Lisbon), Vol. vi., 1907, Botany, p. 23.
330
See Nature, June 4, 1903, p. 113, in notice of a paper on the subject by Professor F. W. Oliver and Dr. D. H. Scott, F.R.S.
331
Linnean Society's Proceedings, May 3, 1906.
332
See the Congress Report, vol. iv.
333
Transactions American Philosophical Society (N.S.), 18, 1896, pp. 119, 120.
334
The Origin and Influence of the Thorough-bred Horse. Cambridge, 1905.