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Do they play football? (volleyball) – No, they don’t play football, they play chess.
1. Does he go to school? (University) 2. Does she sing well? (bad) 3. Do they play football? (volleyball) 4. Do we cook dinner? (lunch) 5. Does she paint pictures? (to go to the sports club) 6. Does it rain in winter? (to snow) 7. Do they learn English? (to write tests) 8. Do Mary and Jim go to the country every day? (once a week) 9. Do mother and father work in the factory? (to work in the office) 10. Does he learn English? (French) 11. Does the student take an exam on Friday? (on Sunday)
Упражнение 2. Вопросы к подлежащему. 1 мин
Образец:
He goes to school. (Who) – Who goes to school?
They play the guitar. (Who) – Who play the guitar?
1. Mary goes to the country. (Who) 2. He plays chess. (Who) 3. His brother watches cartoons. (Whose brother) 4. My mother cooks well. (Whose mother) 5. Their friends speak English. (Whose friends) 6. My parents spend their holiday in the country. (Whose parents) 7. The girlfriend makes many mistakes. (Who) 8. His uncle has a car. (Whose uncle) 9. My granny wears glasses. (Who) 10. Mickey and Frank live in Russia. (Who) 11. Five students in our group learn French. (How many students)
Упражнение 3. Специальные вопросы. 2 мин
Образец:
He lives in a big house. (Where) – Where does he live?
They live in a big house. (What kind of house) – What kind of house do they live?
1. They go to work every day in the morning. (When, where) 2. He often plays the guitar. (How often) 3. She studies at school. (Where) 4. They have much money. (How much) 5. John drinks two cups of coffee a day. (How many cups of coffee) 6. He reads English books every day at school. (What books, how often, where) 7. They live in Moscow. (Where) 8. The girls go in for sports. (What to do) 9. He buys stamps in the post-office. (Where, what to buy) 10. The dog has two puppies. (How many puppies) 11. The student takes an exam on Friday. (What day, what to take)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Упражнения на скорость. Проговаривайте вслух.
Упражнение 1. Утвердительные и отрицательные предложения 1.5 мин
Образец:
Is Tom writing a test? (to learn a poem) – No, Tom isn’t writing a test. He is learning a poem.
Are they writing a test? – No, they aren’t writing a test. They are learning a poem.
1. Is he going to school? (University) 2. Is she singing well? (bad) 3. Are they playing football? (volleyball) 4. Are we cooking dinner? (lunch) 5. Is she painting a picture? (to go to the sports club) 6. Is it raining? (to snow) 7. Are they learning English? (to write tests) 8. Are Mary and Jim going to the country? (to go home) 9. Are mother and father working in the factory? (to work in the office) 10. Is he learning English? (French). 11. Is the student having lunch? (breakfast).
Упражнение 2. Вопросы к подлежащему. 1 мин.
Образец:
He is going to school. (Who) – Who is going to school?
They are going to school. (Who) – Who are going to school?
1. Mary is going to the country. (Who) 2. He is playing chess. (Who) 3. His brother is watching TV. (Whose brother) 4. My mother is cooking lunch. (Whose mother) 5. Their friends are speaking English. (Whose friends) 6. My parents are having dinner. (Whose parents) 7. The girl is running. (Who) 8. His uncle is washing his car. (Whose uncle) 9. My granny is reading a book. (Who) 10. Mickey and Frank are arriving in Russia. (Who) 11. Five students in our group are taking an exam. (How many students).
Упражнение 3. Специальные вопросы. 2 мин.
Образец:
He is playing football. (What game) – What game is he playing?
They are playing football. (What game) – What game are they playing?
1. They are going to work now. (Where to go) 2. He is playing the guitar. (What instrument) 3. She is sitting in her classroom. (Where) 4. They are reading an interesting book. (What kind of book) 5. John is drinking a cup of coffee. (What to drink) 6. He is reading an English book at school. (What book, where) 7. They are going to visit Moscow. (What city) 8. The girl is jumping. (What to do) 9. He is buying stamps in the post-office. (Where, what to buy) 10. The dog is playing with its two puppies. (What to do, with whom) 11. The student is having lunch now. (When, what to have)
PAST SIMPLE
Упражнения на скорость. Проговаривайте вслух.
Упражнение 1. Утвердительные и отрицательные предложения. 1.5 мин.
Образец:
Did the student play chess? (guitar) – No, the student didn’t play chess, he played the guitar.
1. Did he go to school? (University) 2. Did she sing well? (bad) 3. Did they play football? (volleyball) 4. Did we cook dinner? (lunch) 5. Did she paint a picture? (to go to the sports club) 6. Did it rain? (to snow) 7. Did they learn English? (to write tests) 8. Did Mary and Jim go to the country every day? (once a week) 9. Did mother and father work in the factory? (to work in the office) 10. Did he learn English? (French)
Упражнение 2. Вопросы к подлежащему. 1 мин.
Образец:
He went to school. (Who) – Who went to school?
1. Mary went to the country. (Who) 2. He played chess. (Who) 3. His brother watched TV. (Whose brother) 4. My mother cooked lunch. (Whose mother) 5. Their friends spoke English. (Whose friends) 6. My parents spent their holiday in the country. (Whose parents) 7. The girl made many mistakes. (Who) 8. His uncle had a car. (Whose uncle) 9. My granny wore glasses. (Who) 10. Mickey and Frank lived in Russia. (Who)
Упражнение 3. Специальные вопросы. 2 мин.
Образец:
He lived in a big house. (Where) – Where did he live? She lived in a big house. (What kind of house) – What kind of house did she live?
1. They went to work every day. (Where) 2. He often played the guitar. (How often) 3. She studied at school. (Where) 4. They had much money. (How much) 5. John drank two cups of coffee a day. (How many cups of coffee) 6. He read English books every day at school. (What books, how often, where) 7. They lived in Moscow. (Where) 8. The girls went in for sports. (What to do) 9. He bought stamps in the post-office. (Where, what to buy) 10. The dog had two puppies. (How many puppies)
PAST CONTINUOUS Упражнения на скорость. Проговаривайте вслух.
Упражнение 1. Утвердительные и отрицат. предложения. 1.5 мин
Образец:
Was Tom writing a test? (to learn a poem) – No, Tom wasn’t writing a test. He was learning a poem. Were they playing football? (volleyball) – No, they were not playing football. They were playing volleyball.
1. Was he going to school? (University) 2. Was she singing well? (bad) 3. Were they playing football? (volleyball) 4. Were we cooking dinner? (lunch) 5. Was she painting a picture? (to go to the sports club) 6. Was it raining? (to snow) 7. Were they learning English? (to write tests) 8. Were Mary and Jim going to the country? (to go home) 9. Were mother and father working in the factory? (to work in the office) 10. Was he learning English? (French)
Упражнение 2. Вопросы к подлежащему. 1 мин.
Образец:
He was going to school. (Who) – Who was going to school?
They were crying. (Who) – Who were crying?
1. Mary was going to the country. (Who) 2. He was playing chess. (Who) 3. His brother was watching TV. (Whose brother) 4. My mother was cooking lunch. (Whose mother) 5. Their friends were speaking English. (Whose friends) 6. My parents were sleeping in the country. (Whose parents) 7. The girl was doing her homework. (Who) 8. His uncle was washing his car. (Whose uncle) 9. My granny was cleaning her shoes. (Who) 10. Mickey and Frank were flying to Russia. (Who)
Упражнение 3. Специальные вопросы. 2 мин.
Образец:
He was playing football. (What game) – What game was he playing?
They were playing football. (What to do) – What were they doing?
1. They were going to work in the morning. (When, where) 2. He was playing the guitar. (What instrument) 3. She was sitting in her classroom at school. (Where) 4. They were reading an interesting book. (What kind of book) 5. John was drinking a cup of coffee. (What to drink) 6. He was reading an English book at school. (What book, where) 7. They were going to visit Moscow. (What city) 8. The girl was jumping. (What to do) 9. He was buying stamps in the post-office. (Where, what to buy) 10. The dog was playing with its two puppies. (With how many puppies) 11. The student was learning French at five. (What time, what language)
FUTURE SIMPLE Упражнения на скорость. Проговаривайте вслух.
Упражнение 1. Утвердительные и отрицат. предложения. 1.5 мин.
Образец:
Will the student play chess? (guitar) – No, the student won’t play chess, he will play the guitar.
1. Will he go to school? (University) 2. Will she sing well? (bad) 3. Will they play football? (volleyball) 4. Will we cook dinner? (lunch) 5. Will she paint a picture? (to go to the sports club) 6. Will it rain? (to snow) 7. Will they learn English? (to write tests) 8. Will Mary and Jim go to the country every day? (once a week) 9. Will mother and father work in the factory? (to work in the office) 10. Will he learn English? (French) 11. Will the student take an exam on Friday at five? (on Sunday)
Упражнение 2. Вопросы к подлежащему. 1 мин.
Образец:
He will go to school. (Who) – Who will go to school?
1. Mary will go to the country. (Who) 2. He will play chess. (Who) 3. His brother will watch TV. (Whose brother) 4. My mother will cook well. (Whose mother) 5. Their friends will speak English. (Whose friends). 6. My parents will spend their holidays in the country. (Whose parents) 7. The girl will make many mistakes. (Who) 8. His uncle will buy a car. (Whose uncle) 9. My granny will wear glasses. (Who) 10. Mickey and Frank will live in Russia. (Who) 11. Five students in our group will learn French. (How many students)
Упражнение 3. Специальные вопросы. 2 мин.
Образец:
He will live in a big house. (Where) – Where will he live?
She will live in a big house. (What kind of house) – What kind of house will she live?
1. They will go to work every day. (How often, where) 2. He will often play the guitar. (How often) 3. She will study at school. (Where) 4. They will have much money. (How much) 5. John will drink two cups of coffee a day. (How many cups of coffee) 6. He will read English books every day at school. (What books, how often, where) 7. They will live in Moscow. (Where) 8. The girls will go in for sports. (What to do) 9. He will buy stamps in the post-office. (Where, what to buy) 10. The dog will play with its two puppies. (With how many puppies) 11. The student in our group will have English at five. (What lesson, what time)
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Упражнения на скорость. Проговаривайте вслух.
Упражнение 1. Утвердительные и отрицательные предложения. 1.5 мин.
Образец:
Will Tom be writing a test? (to learn a poem) – No, Tom won’t be writing a test. He will be learning a poem.
1. Will he be going to school? (University) 2. Will she be singing well? (bad) 3. Will they be playing football? (volleyball) 4. Will we be cooking dinner? (lunch) 5. Will she be painting a picture? (to go to the sports club) 6. Will it be raining? (to snow) 7. Will they be learning English? (to write tests) 8. Will Mary and Jim be going to the country? (to go home) 9. Will mother and father be working in the factory? (to work in the office) 10. Will he be learning English? (French)
Упражнение 2. Вопросы к подлежащему. 1 мин.
Образец:
He will be going to school. (Who) – Who will be going to school?
2. Mary will be going to the country. (Who) 2. He will be playing chess. (Who) 3. His brother will be watching TV. (Whose brother) 4. My mother will be cooking lunch. (Whose mother) 5. Their friends will be speaking English. (Whose friends). 6. My parents will be working in the garden. (Whose parents) 7. The girl will be jumping. (Who) 8. His uncle will be washing his car. (Whose uncle) 9. My granny will be looking for her glasses. (Who) 10. Mickey and Frank will be flying to Russia. (Who)
Упражнение 3. Специальные вопросы. 2 мин.
Образец:
He will be playing football. (What game) – What game will he be playing?
3. They will be working in the morning. (When, where) 2. He will be playing the guitar. (What instrument) 3. She will be sitting in her classroom. (Where) 4. They will be reading an interesting book. (What kind of book). 5. John will be drinking a cup of coffee. (What to drink) 6. He will be reading an English book at school. (What book, where). 7. They will be flying to Moscow. (Who, what city) 8. The girl will be jumping. (What to do) 9. He will be buying stamps in the post-office. (Where, what to buy) 10. The dog will be playing with its two puppies. (What to do, with how many puppies)
ВЫБОР SIMPLE – CONTINUOUS
В Simple действие происходит вообще, используются 3 группы указателей:
– наречия, показывающие неоднократность действия: always, seldom, often, sometimes, never
– сочетания слов, показывающие повторяемость действий: every day, every year
– сочетания слов, показывающие, когда происходит действие: in the morning, after lessons, before dinner
В Continuous действие происходит в определённый момент или период времени или носит временный характер или часто повторяющееся действие негативного характера или часто повторяющиеся неожиданные случайные действия.
Используются 3 группы указателей:
– наречия и сочетания, показывающие момент совершения действия now, at this moment, at 5 o’clock
– сочетания слов, обозначающие период совершения действия from… to (till), all the time, all day long, the whole week
– контекст или придаточные предложения, определяющие момент совершения действия, которое не окончилось. Так называемый бэкграунд, действие, на фоне которого происходит другое действие Когда он вошёл, она читала книгу.
When he entered the room she was reading a book.
В Continuous действие происходит:
1. – в определённый момент
2. – в опредлённый период времени
3. – носит временный характер
4. – часто повторяющееся действие происходит, происходило, будет происходить и раздражает или нервирует, с негативным оттенком.
5. – действие повторяется часто и неожиданно.
– Действие происходит, происходило, будет происходить в определённый момент.
Я читаю сейчас. – I am reading now.
Вчера я смотрел кино в пять вечера. – I was watching TV at 5 yesterday evening.
Я буду плавать завтра в 5. – I will be swimming at 5 tomorrow.
– Действие происходит, происходило, будет происходить в определённый период времени.
В этом месяце я читаю книгу о войне. – This month I am reading a book about the war.
Я писал письмо с 3 до 6 вчера. – I was writing a letter from 3 till 6 yesterday.
Я буду смотреть кино с 5 до 6 завтра. – Tomorrow from 5 till 6 I will be watching TV.
– Действие носит, носило, будет носить временный характер. Сейчас я живу в общежитии.
Now I am living in the hostel. (но вообще я живу с родителями) Я жил у родителей в прошлом месяце. – I was living at my parents’ last month. (но у меня есть своя квартира, где я живу)
Весь год я буду выплачивать кредит. – All next year I will be paying the credit.
Часто повторяющееся действие происходит, происходило, будет происходить и раздражает или нервирует, с негативным оттенком.
Он все время теряет ключи. – He is always loosing his keys.
Она всегда забывала имена. – She was always forgetting people’s names.
Он постоянно будет клянчить деньги. – He will be constantly asking for money.
Обратите внимание, что в этом случае используются наречия, употребляющиеся в Simple.
Действие повторяется часто и неожиданно.
Я часто встречаю его в парке. (случайно) – I am constantly meeting him in the park. Continuous
Мы часто встречаемся в парке. (мы играем там в шахматы, договорившись заранее) – I often meet him in the park. Simple
главное отличие Simple от Continuous – в первом внимание концентрируется на результате, во втором – на процессе.
Сравните:
Вчера я делал домашнюю работу. – отображён сам факт действия, Simple
Вчера с 5 до 8 я делал домашнюю работу. – внимание уделяется продолжительности действия, Continuous
Вчера в 5 я шел в кино по красивой дороге. – процесс, Continuous
Вчера в 5 я пошел в кино. – результат, Simple
В Simple изложен факт действия. В Continuous подразумевается продолжительность действия.
Вчера я читал книгу весь день.
– теоретически можно поставить данное предложение в любую форму, как Simple, так и Continuous, в зависимости от того, что необходимо подчеркнуть: длительность действия или действие, как результат. Continuous подчёркивается дополнительными указателями в виде наречий или контекста. При переводе с русского выбирается нужная временная форма без дополнительных указателей, так как уже заранее принято решение, на чем акцентируется внимание – на результате или процессе.
I was reading all day yesterday. (процесс) – Я читал вчера весь день.
I read all day yesterday. (констатация факта)
Я читал вчера весь день.
It was raining the whole evening. (процесс)
Дождь шел весь вечер.
It rained the whole evening. (констатация факта)
Дождь шел весь вечер.
В сложных предложениях важно отметить, происходят ли действия одновременно относительно друг друга. То есть, одно действие происходит, произошло, будет происходить на фоне другого. Или одно действие произошло, произойдёт на фоне другого.
Он читает, а она смотрит кино. Cont. + Cont. – одновременные действия
Когда он зашёл, она читала книгу. Simple + Cont. – не одновременные
Когда он заходил, она читала книгу. Cont. + Cont. – одновременные
Пока она читала книгу, он смотрел кино. Cont. + Cont. – одновременные
Когда он придёт, она будет читать книгу. Simple + Cont. – неодновременно
Завтра я буду читать книгу, пока ты будешь ехать на работу. Cont. + Cont.
Если не очевиден бэкграунд или предыстория, чтобы избежать двусмысленности, обычно добавляются маркеры в виде наречий и других сочетаний слов.
Я читаю, пока она гладит бельё. (обычный порядок действий) Simple
Я читаю, пока она гладит бельё. (подразумевается, что сейчас) Cont.
Я буду читать, пока она будет гладить бельё. (констатация факта) Simple
В пять часов я буду читать, пока она будет гладить бельё. (в определённый момент) Cont.
Множество глаголов (а также их антонимы) не употребляются в Continuous, имея только форму Simple, независимо от того, в каком они времени.
Эмоциональное состояние
to desire – желать, to – envy завидовать
to fear – бояться to hate ненавидеть
to like – нравиться, to – love любить
to need – нуждаться, to prefer – предпочитать
to satisfy – удовлетворять, to seem – казаться
to want – хотеть, to wish – желать
Ощущения
to hear – слышать, to see – видеть
to smell – пахнуть, to taste – иметь вкус
Обладания, отношения, некоторые другие:
to be – быть, to belong – принадлежать
to consist – состоять, to contain – содержать
to impress – впечатлять, to resemble – напоминать
to deserve – заслуживать, to lack – не хватать
to require – требовать, to astonish – изумлять
to please – радовать, to have – иметь
to include – заключать, в себе to own – владеть
to possess – обладать, to surprise – удивлять
to weigh – весить, to appear – появляться
to involve – вовлекать, to depend – зависеть
to need – нуждаться, to owe – быть должным
to influence – влиять, to matter – значить
to concern – затрагивать, касаться to cost – стоить
to measure – измерять, to fit – подходить по размеру
Следует помнить, что один и тот же глагол может иметь разные значения, и, соответственно, иметь или не иметь форму Continuous
TO MEASURE в значении «мерить, измерять» имеет форму Continuous to measure в значении «иметь определённый размер» не имеет форму Continuous
He is measuring the height of the cupboard.
Он измеряет высоту шкафа.
That cupboard must measure at least 2 metres high.
Шкаф должен иметь размеры не менее 2-х метров в высоту.
TO WEIGH в значении «взвешивать, измерять» имеет форму Continuous to weigh в значении «весить» не имеет форму Continuous
I am weighing the baby. – Я взвешиваю ребёнка.
The baby weighs 10 kilos. – Ребёнок весит 10 кг.
TO THINK в значении «думать, размышлять» имеет форму Continuous to think в значении «считать, полагать» не имеет форму Continuous
I think you are right. – Полагаю, ты прав.
What are you thinking about? – Что ты об этом думаешь?
TO FEEL в значении «чувствовать, ощущать» имеет форму Continuous to feel в значении «считать, полагать» не имеет форму Continuous
I am feeling fine. – Чувствую себя хорошо.
I feel we shouldn’t do this. – Думаю, нам не стоит этого делать.
TO SEE в значении «навестить, встретиться» имеет форму Continuous to see в значениях «видеть, понимать» не имеет форму Continuous
I am seeing her tonight. – Я встречаюсь с ней сегодня вечером.
I see what you mean. – Понимаю, что ты имеешь в виду.
I don’t see any difference. – Не вижу никакой разницы.
TO BE в значении «быть, являться» не имеет форму Continuous.
TO BE с прилагательным или существительным, показывающий временное действие, имеет форму Continuous
He is an idiot. – Он всегда глупый.
He is being an idiot. – Сейчас он сейчас ведёт себя глупо.
He is angry. – Он сердитый человек.
He is being angry. – Он сердится сейчас.
He is funny. – Он забавный.
He is being funny. – Он дурачится сейчас.
He is being a good sportsman.
Он сейчас показывает хорошие результаты в спорте.
He is tall. – Он высокий.
Здесь Continuous невозможен, так как это постоянная характеристика, невозможно временно быть высоким.
He is an Olympic champion. – Он олимпийский чемпион.
Уже чемпион, и быть им не перестанет, это постоянная характеристика. Continuous невозможен.
TO HAVE, являющийся составной частью сказуемого, имеет форму Continuous, при этом не переводится
He is having a shower now. – Он принимает душ.
Everybody was having a fun. – Все веселились.
I am having lunch now. – Я обедаю сейчас.
TO HAVE в значении «иметь обладать» не имеет форму Continuous I have a dog. – У меня есть собака.
Cлучаи использования глаголов, не употребляющихся в Continuous, но имеющие продолженные формы с ING-вым окончанием в предложении, передают оттенок большей вежливости или сильного эмоционального состояния. Например:
Do you want to have coffee? – Хотите кофе?
Did you want to have coffee? – Не хотели бы кофе? (вежливее)
Were you wanting to have coffee? – Вам бы не хотелось выпить кофе? (очень вежливо)
Mary was wanting to tell everybody what to do.
Мэри непременно хотела сказать всем что делать.
I am hating you! – Как же я тебя ненавижу!
Короткое правило для запоминания, действует во всех временах:
SIMPLE – ДЕЙСТВИЕ ПРОИСХОДИТ ВООБЩЕ
CONTINUOUS – ДЕЙСТВИЕ ПРОИСХОДИТ:
– В ОПРЕДЕЛЁННЫЙ МОМЕНТ
– В ОПРЕДЕЛЁННЫЙ ПЕРИОД ВРЕМЕНИ
– ДЕЙСТВИЕ НОСИТ ВРЕМЕННЫЙ ХАРАКТЕР
– ДЕЙСТВИЕ НОСИТ РАЗДРАЖАЮЩИЙ НЕГАТИВНЫЙ ХАРАКТЕР
– ДЕЙСТВИЕ ПРОИСХОДИТ ЧАСТО И СЛУЧАЙНО
– ГЛАГОЛ НЕСОВЕРШЕННОГО ВИДА
Предложение во всех временах на русском языке
Present Simple
Он много читает. (вообще)
Present Continuous
Он сейчас читает. (в данный момент).
Пока идут экзамены, он читает только учебники. (временный характер, определённый период времени).
Он все время клянчит деньги. (негативный оттенок)