Эпоха революций и поколения, которые их вершили. 1760–1820
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57
См.: Maier P. The Old Revolutionaries: Political Lives in the Age of Samuel Adams. Knopf, 1980, 58–59; Nash G. B. The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution. Harvard, 1979, 303, 296; Ryerson R. A. “The Revolution Is Now Begun”: The Radical Committees of Philadelphia, 1765–1776. Penn, 1978, 68–71; Patterson S. E. Political Parties in Revolutionary Massachusetts. Wisconsin, 1973, ch. 3, esp. 63–64; Schlesinger A. M. Sr. The Colonial Merchants and the American Revolution, 1763–1776 (1918; Ungar, 1957), 27; Bridenbaugh C. Cities in Revolt: Urban Life in America, 1743–1776. Capricorn Books, 1964, ch. 7; Cutterham T. Gentlemen Revolutionaries: Power and Justice in the New American Republic. Princeton, 2017, 3.
58
О насилии см.: Tiedemann J. S. Reluctant Revolutionaries: New York City and the Road to Independence, 1763–1776. Cornell, 1997, 62–74; Bailyn B. The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson. Harvard, 1974; Morgan and Morgan, Stamp Act Crisis, 150–160.
59
Уильям Брэдфорд (Филадельфия) – Комитету Нью-Йорка, 15 февраля 1766, Box 1, Lamb Papers, NYHS. О сожжении бумаг см.: Tiedemann, Reluctant Revolutionaries, 84.
60
Morgan and Morgan, Stamp Act Crisis, 94–96, 106–121; Maier, From Resistance to Revolution, 31–32; Уильям Холт – Уильяму Палфри, 10 декабря 1765, bMS Am 1704.3: Letters to William Palfrey, 1741–1781, Palfrey Family Papers, HLH; Newport Mercury, 24 июня 1765, стр. 3 («дурно воспитанными»); также о правилах ведения переписки: Perl-Rosenthal N. Corresponding Republics: Letter Writing and Patriot Organizing in the Atlantic Revolutions, Circa 1760–1792. PhD diss., Columbia University, 2011, 36–39, и Ditz T. L. Formative Ventures: Eighteenth-Century Commercial Letters and the Articulation of Experience // Epistolary Selves: Letters and Letter-Writers, 1600–1945, ed. Rebecca Earle. Aldershot, 1999, 60–61.
61
О жанре см.: Perl-Rosenthal, “Corresponding Republics”, ch. 1. Комитет Балтимора – Комитету Нью-Йорка, 8 марта 1766; Комитет Нью-Йорка – «Сынам свободы» Фэрфилда, 17 марта 1766; «Сыны свободы» Нью-Йорка – «Сынам свободы» Коннектикута, 20 февраля 1766, все указанные письма в: Box 1, Lamb Papers, NYHS.
62
Циркуляр «Сынов свободы» Провиденса, 19 марта 1766; «Сыны свободы» Нью-Йорка – «Сынам свободы» Провиденса, 2 апреля 1766; «Сыны свободы» Нью-Йорка – «Сынам свободы» Бостона, 2 апреля 1766, все указанные письма в: Box 1, Lamb Papers, NYHS. Но см.: Bridenbaugh С. Silas Downer, Forgotten Patriot: His Life and Writings. Rhode Island Bicentennial Foundation, 1974, 24–25, а также Maier, From Resistance to Revolution, 94.
63
Champagne R. J. The Sons of Liberty and the Aristocracy in New York Politics, 1765–1790. PhD diss., University of Wisconsin, 1960, 116–117; Estes R. N. Charles Town’s Sons of Liberty. PhD diss., University of North Carolina, 2005, ch. 3; Ryerson, Revolution Is Now Begun, 26–27.
64
Berlin I. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Belknap, 1998, 369–371, 177–184; Parkinson R. G. The Common Cause: Creating Race and Nation in the American Revolution. OIEAHC, 2016, 19–25, 179–184.
65
Horne G. The Counter-Revolution of 1776: Slave Resistance and the Origins of the United States of America. NYU, 2014, 239–241; Morgan and Morgan, Stamp Act Crisis, 37, 212; более широкий контекст: Klooster W. Slave Revolts, Royal Justice, and a Ubiquitous Rumor in the Age of Revolutions // WMQ 71, no. 3 (2014).
66
Price R. Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas. Anchor, 1973, esp. 1–4; Sweeney Sh. J. Market Marronage: Fugitive Women and the Internal Marketing System in Jamaica, 1781–1834 // WMQ 76, no. 2 (2019): 203–206; Waldstreicher D. Runaway America: Benjamin Franklin, Slavery, and the American Revolution. Hill & Wang, 2004, 10–25.
67
См.: Morgan Ph. D. Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry. OIEAHC, 1998, 238–244; Nash G. B. Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia’s Free Black Community, 1720–1840. Harvard, 1988, 144–153, хотя здесь приведены данные несколько более позднего периода; Jarvis M. In the Eye of All Trade: Bermuda, Bermudians, and the Maritime Atlantic World, 1680–1783. OIEAHC, 2010, 100–109; Dawson K. The Cultural Geography of Enslaved Ship Pilots // The Black Urban Atlantic in the Age of the Slave Trade, eds. Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, Matt D. Childs, and James Sidbury (Penn, 2013), 163–184.
68
Lemisch, “Jack Tar”, 391, 399–400; Quarles B. The Negro in the American Revolution. OIEAHC, 1961, 3–13.
69
Sesay Ch. M. Jr. The Revolutionary Black Roots of Slavery’s Abolition in Massachusetts // New England Quarterly 87, no. 1 (2014): 111–125; Sinha M. The Slave’s Cause: A History of Abolition. Yale, 2016, 41–44; Laskaris I. ‘Thousands Now Unhappy’: Slave Petitions in Eighteenth-Century Connecticut // Slavery & Abolition 44, no. 1 (2023): 26–34.
70
South Carolina Gazette, 24 сентября 1772, 12 ноября 1772, 31 мая 1770.
71
См.: Beckles H. Black Females Slaves and White Households in Barbados // More Than Chattel: Black Women and Slavery in the Americas, eds. David Barry Gaspar and Darlene Clark Hine. Indiana, 1996, 117–118, 122; Sweeney, Market Marronage, 206; South Carolina Gazette, 24 сентября 1772; South Carolina and American General Gazette, 16 июня 1775.
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См.: Morgan, Slave Counterpoint, 250–253; Sweeney, Market Marronage, 212; и комментарий об одежде: Bell K. C. Running from Bondage: Enslaved Women and Their Remarkable Fight for Freedom in Revolutionary America. Cambridge, 2021, 53–54.
73
South Carolina Gazette, 24 сентября 1772; Gazette of the State of South-Carolina, 5 мая 1777; South Carolina Gazette, 31 мая 1774.
74
Chaffin R. J. The Townshend Acts Crisis, 1767–1770 // A Companion to the American Revolution, eds. Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole (Blackwell, 2000), 134–150.
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Schlesinger, Colonial Merchants, 94–105.
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См.: Essex Gazette, 22 августа 1769; Ryerson, Revolution Is Now Begun, 27–29; Schlesinger, Colonial Merchants, 113–119; Tyler J. W. Smugglers and Patriots: Boston Merchants and the Advent of the American Revolution. Northeastern, 1987, 113; Andrews Ch. M. The Boston Merchants and the Non-Importation Movement. John Wilson & Son, 1917, 206, 211; Perl-Rosenthal, Corresponding Republics, 59–72.
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Tyler, Smugglers and Patriots, ch. 3, esp. 109–110.