Nader Shah. Historical novel
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– Tell me the sorrow of your heart, Murad!
– My Shah, I beseech you! I can’t speak myself, it would be better if the respected adults told you about my sorrow.
Tahmasb Shah liked the behavior of such a brave boy.
– Is there any respected adult of your hamlet here?
Among the people in the tent one of the respected old men came forward:
– I am here, my Shah!
– Please, come and speak about the heart sorrow of this young boy!
– All right, my Shah!
The old man began to speak about the love of a boy and a girl without mentioning their names. He spoke about the love spoken by all the people like a legend. He noted how fragile was the love of the boy and the girl, who loved each other so much.
The eyes of the Shah filled with tears. What kind of love it was; he couldn’t understand. How could a boy and a girl love each other like the old man spoke. The Shah had heard about the love of Leyli and Mejnun, Asli and Karam who turned into legends. He couldn’t think that at present someone could love each other like them. It was as if it was the first time during his life that the Shah was fragile. The Shah decided to help the boy who fell on his knees in front of him:
– But who puts an obstacle in the way of joining the two young boy and girl? – The Shah asked.
The re spected adult an swered im medi ately:
– The girl’s father, Jafar kishi!
– Why doesn’t Jafar kishi agree with their marriage?
– Poverty is guilty, my Shah! The boy is poor, that is why the girl’s father doesn’t agree; he thinks that it will wound his pride.
The Shah turned towards the guardsman:
– Go and bring here Jafar kishi! But don’t hurt him!
Soon the guardsman came back. Jafar kishi was near them. Jafar kishi came forward and bowed to the Shah. While bowing he saw Murad who was falling on his knees at the Shah and Jafar kishi was uncertain about the situation. As soon as Fatali khan saw Jafar kishi, his face turned white. He thought that Jafar kishi might make known their conversation.
Tahmasb Shah pointed to Murad and said:
– Are you the man laying an obstacle in the way of the joining two young boy and girl each other?
Jafar kishi was afraid. The Shah could punish him. He looked at Fatali khan implori ngly, asking assistance from him with his looks.
The Shah got angry seeing Jafar kishi’s keeping silence:
– They told me that you don’t agree because of Murad being poor. Is it right?
Jafar kishi could hardly swallow his word about Fatali khan’s request:
– Whatever the people tell it is right… Right… My Shah!
– How do you think, can the man who serves the Shah be poor? I will give Murad a job near me. What is your opinion, Jafar kishi? May we say “Be happy!” to the two young boy and girl who love each other?
Jafar kishi was confused hearing his words. He wanted to speak because he had promised her to a much richer person. – He had promised her to Fatali khan.
– My Shah, my daughter has been betrothed since childhood years. How can I deny my promise?
Fatali khan understood that those words concerned him. He thought that if the Shah asked about the betrothal all would be clear. The Shah also would ask him that when they met and when they were promi sed to each other. Fatali khan had to urgently solve that prob lem. Though he was only about thirty five or forty years old he had good experience of life and he was aware of what was better. At that moment he could give up the girl, but he couldn’t give the Shah up. That was why he came forward:
– Your Majesty, if you allow me I can also say a word because I am the head of this stock.
– I allow you, tell your opinion.
Fatali khan turned towards Jafar kishi:
– Jafar kishi, if our Shah wants to join this young boy and girl, the word of our Majesty is like a law. Here all the people confess that these two young boy and girl love each other. If your daughter once had a betrothed we can make him change his mind and we may find him another girl.
Jafar kishi reali zed that Fatali khan had changed his mind from his earlier wish and that was why he understood that there was no need to persist. He felt sorry in his heart for the situation. He said:
– Fatali khan, I agree with the Shah’s request. – If our Shah wishes, that is to say, it will be how he wishes.
In the tent the applause of the people was heard.
– Long live our Shah!
Tahmasb Shah stood up and came nearer to Murad:
– Stand up, brave boy!
Murad stood up quickly. The Shah put his hands on his shoulders and said: “Be happy!” He took the gift from the butler and gave it to Murad:
– Prepare for your wedding from the day after tomorrow. All the expense of the wedding will be paid by the treasury. After one month I shall wait for you in the Shah’s palace.
Murad kissed the Shah’s hands.
– All right, my Shah! I am thankful to you. Long live my Shah!
The Shah turned towards Jafar kishi:
– Don’t you object, Jafar kishi?
– My Shah, who am I to object to your decision? God bless them!
The people in the tent once more shouted: “Long live our Shah!”.
....Susen ran to Qelemnaz’s home running. Her eyes were smiling; she couldn’t say a word because of her anxiety. Qelemnaz was telling her mother about the results of that day’s competition. When she saw Susen running hurriedly, she understood that something had happened.
Susen said smiling:
– My brother has just returned from the Shah’s tent, – she said. He said that there was a real performance.
– What performance, girl? Be quick, tell me about.
– Qelemnaz, by God, you are happy!
– Do you also consider me to be lucky?
Well, well… Whom else must I consider happy? Qelemnaz, it was fated thus that the Shah himself was a watch-maker for you.
Hearing her words Qelemnaz faltered and then she was struck dumb, and she fell on her back to the floor. She fainted. Qelemnaz’s mother began to tear her face:
– Alas, alas… My daughter is dying…
Susen brought water in a little bowl and filled her mouth with water and then blew the water on her face. Qelemnaz came to herself with difficulty and said furiously:
– I don’t want to marry to the Shah or a bey! – She groaned. – I shall kill myself!
Susen was surprised:
– Which Shah, girl?
– Didn’t you tell me that the Shah himself was a watch-maker for me?
Susen realized that Qelemnaz misunderstood her words and she began to laugh. Qelemnaz got angry. Susen went on her laughing:
– It is true; the Shah was a watch-maker for you, but not for himself, for Murad!!! He was a watchmaker and made your father agree!
Qelemnaz again faltered and was struck dumb, then she fainted. She came to herself later and began to groan in tears. At last she looked at Susen sorrowfully:
– Take an oath! – She said.
– I take an oath on the God, on the Earth, on the Heavens! The Shah asked you only for Murad.
Qelemnaz raised her hands and began to pray to God, shed ding tears:
– Thank God! Thank goodness! You heard my prayi ng. My God, you didn’t want me to be hopeless. You didn’t hurt my heart. My God, thank God!
– Qelemnaz, I haven’t finished talking yet… Our Shah gave a job to Murad in his palace. The expanse of the wedding will be paid by the treasury!
Qelemnaz couldn’t believe her ears. In a day there couldn’t be so much happiness!
– But what did my father say?
– Nothing, he was standing by the Shah, his face was as white as cotton.
Qelemnaz embraced Susen and began to cry bitierly. Both her mother and Susen also were crying with her. Then Susen calmed Qelemnaz and began to speak about everything in detail.
On the next day the beys, respected adults and brave boys of the stock of Qajar were gathered in the Shah’s white tent. They took an oath to be devoted to him. Tahmasb Shah, who was pleased with the stock of Qajar, left for Tabriz.
CHAPTER IV
Qazvin, 1723
The troops of Mahmud Shah had first enclosed Qazvin, then they sent a messenger to the ruler of the city and demanded them to give Tahmasb Mirza to the Afghans. The ruler of the city told the messenger that Tahmasb Mirza wasn’t in Qazvin and if he was in the city he would never give him to the Afghans. Only after the ruler’s words, the Afghans attacked the city with about troop of ten thousand fighters. The fortress walls of the city were not firm, which was why in the third day of the blockade it was broken and the city yielded to the Afghans after intensive battles. The real tragedies began after the blockade. The Afghans hung the ruler of Qazvin at the gate of the city. In the city robbery, killing, destroying and firing began.
The population of the city had never seen such a situation. The people of the city were losing their patience.
…The mullabashi of Qazvin had also never seen such kind of cruelty. That was why he was thinking about a way out. He secretly informed the beys of Qazvin to be ready; in due time he would pronounce Fetwa17 to clear off the city from the Afghans. The beys, rich people and simple devout persons tried to hide themselves and were defending their families.
That night the mullabashi was waiting for the beylerbeyi18 of Qazvin. The beylerbeyi Husam was a brave person at the age of thirty. When he heard about the arrogance of the Afghans he couldn’t bear it. He flew into a rage. When he sent news to the mullabashi that he wanted to say something to him Husam was pleased with the answer he received. The mullabashi promi sed to give him any assis- tance he needed. The Afghans were becoming ungovernable day after day.
At midnight the door of the home of mullabashi was knocked quietly. Though mullabashi knew who was behind the door he said:
– My children, go to the door, somebody is knocking at the door.
The man who knocked at the door was Husam. He entered the room and said: “Good evening!”
The mullabashi stood up, put his hands on his chest and answered him: “Good evening, bey!” He showed him a cushion and asked him to sit.
There were a lot of bookshelves in the room. The mullabashi had read a great deal; he was an educated person. He approached any probl em correctly, according to the rules allowed by “Qur’ani-Kerim”. That was why he was respected by all the people in Qazvin. Most people appealed him in those troubled days knowing about his respect.
The mullabashi arranged himself comfortably on the cushion and asked the beylerbeyi:
– What news in the city, Husam bey?
The beylerbeyi answered, smoothing his moustaches:
– The news is that there is grief, misfortune and meanness in the city! – Our honor has been hurt and disgraced. After some days we must tie a kerchief round our heads.
The mullabashi didn’t consider getting angry was acf ceptable:
– Have patience, Husam bey! Your flying into a rage may harm us. If we start fighting before its time the people can be killed.
– Mullah, the people are being killed. Listen to me, what those cruel Afghans have done. Two drunk Afghans stopped a widow who has four children, in the street and asked about the place where she lived. That poor woman said that she didn’t live far from there. The drunken Afghans began gofng after her. As soon as the woman entered her home, the Afghans also rushed in after her. The hopeless woman took a frying pan and struck the head of one of them. Her children ran outside and began to shout…Those cruel Afghans firstly raped the woman, then choked her. When the neighbors came and saw that they had killed the woman, the neighbors also killed two Afghans, and hid their dead bodfes. Now Afghans are lookfng for everywhere to find them. After that accident they have a good opportunity to meddle everywhere.
The mullabashi said in a miserable, mournful voice:
– I know all you told, Husam bey! – I even know worse than you told! Religion and faith are hurt.
– What are we waiting for?
– The time.
– When will the time come?
– If they behave like thus and make all the people fly into a rage the time will come soon, Husam! Tell me how is the preparation of fighting of the beys?
– I also want to speak about preparation, mull ah! My brave boys are ready. They are waiting for the day when all the people will begin fighting. We have gathered two thousand brave boys having swords and all are ready to fight. When will the time you speak about come?
The mullabashi sighed deeply:
– In fact, the day that we are waiting for has come today. But we wasted a chance, what a pity!
– What does it mean “we wasted the chance?”
– Pay attention to my words, Husam! If we don’t make all the people begin fighting, if the people stay in their homes, the struggle will be strangled in the sea of blood! Today we could use the tragedy of that woman. We had to gather the people, firstly, we had to rouse them, so we can begin to revolt. Revolt for honor, manliness, self -respect… But the neighbors were frightened, they hid the dead bodies of two Afghans because of belong frightened. They showed themselves as though they knew nothing about the accident. The unhappy woman was buried secretly.
The beylerbeyi thought for a while and said pitifully:
– You are right, mullah! We missed a good chance, which we could use. Nobody thought about it.
– Nobody thought, but you must think about it now, Husam bey! If such a kind of tragedy happens once more, you must act immediately. Also ask your brave boys to get in the way and not to let the Afghans help each another.
– All right, mullah!
– If it is thus, be ready, Husam bey! I hope that the time of this revolt won’t be late.
The beylerbeyi thought that the mullabashi was going to finish talking and he stood up:
– Well, allow me go away, I must meet with the beys tomorrow, I must tell them about our conversation.
The mullabashi also stood up. He shook hands with the beylerbeyi and said to him: “Good night!” When Husam bey left mullabashi took the Qur’an, opened it, put his hand on any sentence and read the sentence after intending to follow it in his heart. He thought a bit about the sentence that he read in the Arabian language and smiled with pleasure. Then he blew out the lamp on the niche.
…It was winter, the morning came late. At seven o’clock in the morni ng, the door of the home of mullabashi was knocked noisily. The mullabashi had just finished his morning ritual worship, he was awake, and closing the Qur’an he was reading went out to the yard:
– I am coming, who are you?
Behind the door, there were heard rude words:
– Open the door, be quick, hurry!
The mullabashi opened the door. There were three Afghan fighters at the gate. The mullabashi asked:
– What for have you come? What do you want?
One of the fighters said:
– It is the order of the vice-regent. He ordered us to look into each home as two of our fighters disappeared.
The mullabashi said severely:
– This is the home of the mullabashi in Qazvin. If you lost your fighters go and look for them in other places. Maybe they drank too much and are sleeping in one of the cellars.
– We don’t know anything. We have been ordered to search for them everywhere. We must look for them!
The fighters said thus and wanted to squeeze themselves into the room.
“Maybe the time to fight has come” – The mullabashi thought. It was necessary to draw these fighters to enable the fighting to begin. It was possible to win over the enemy even with one’s death like Imam Husain. Imam had left such a kind of sign in Karbala so that thanks to him the religion of Islam was supported. Couldn’t he save his city and his people by continuing his tradition? The mullabashi came to a final decision and blocked the fighters with his tall body:
– My home is the place where the terms of shariat are kept! I won’t allow you who do slovenly work to enter my cell and disgrace my self-esteem:
– Renegades! Leave my home!
The Afghan fighters began to suspect him. One of them pushed the mullabashi on his breast.
– Don’t stand in our way, old witch!
Though the mullabashi didn’t fall he staggered. Then he said loudly “Bismillahir-rehmanir-rehim” and rushed to – wards them. He caught the collar of the fighter before him, attack-ng his face with his head. The attack covered the fighter’s face in blood and the mullabashi fell on the floor.
…The children were running in the streets and shouting: “They killed mollabashi! The Afghans killed the mollabashi!”
A crowd was going towards the home of the mollabashi. The popul ation of the city came running and after some time not only in the yard but also in the streets there were a lot of people. Husam bey also had come. He was looking at the faces, the eyes of the people. There was hatred, fury against the Afghans. “It was the proper time. That is to say the mullabashi sacri ficed himself for the freedom of the city. Husam bey thought thus and clenched his fist. Then he whispered into the ears of the beys standing near him, setting tasks. The beys went away somewhere in a hurry.
The mullahs were speaklng to one another in a low voice. They pursued different thoughts about the death of the mollabashi. Husam bey looked at them and shook his head ironically. The mullabashi wouldn’t be buried under the black soil like the inhabitant of the defeated city! They didn’t have to miss this chance. He put a stump under his feet, stood on it and spoke loudly:
– People! Our wise respected elder, the mullabashi of the people, sacrificed himself on the route to the freedom of our city! We must not agree to bury him when the enemies are in Qazvin, like a minister of religion of a defeated city! – He raised his voice. – If our city hasn’t been freed the mullabashi can’t be buried with respect! His spirit won’t forgive us!
The crowd shouted: “It is right”, “Death to the Afghans”, “It is the time to begin to Jihad!19”.
The beylerbeyi understood that the time to fight had come. He unsheathed his sword and raised his sword above his head and said furiously:
– Kill the sons of bitches!
It was as if the crowd was waiting for his shouting and their glittered swords and poniards were raised above their heads. The sound of roaring grew greatly and the people raged and moved along the street…
…After some time swords, spears, axes and pitch-forks began to collide with one another. The arrows began flying, guns began shooting, and the stone-hearted Afghans were covered in their own blood. The voices of “Allahu -Akber” of the powers which started the attack spontaneously shuddered the city. Then the fights became more regulated and became even more aggravated.
Qazvin was divided into parts. The group of Husam bey was the main fighting part. Wherever they saw a fighting Afghan they fought against him. All the people were fighting against the Afghans. Streets, walls and doors were covered in blood. The fighting Afghans removed themselves towards the gate of the city. By the ritual worship of the afternoon the larger part of the Afghan fighters were killed. The people of the city were inspired and they thought that no one could defeat them. At last they drove out the last Afghan fighter too and began to shout “Allahu -Akber!”, “Ya Husain”. The people wanted their victorious exclamations even reach to the heavens.
In the streets were hung the dead bodies of eight thousand Afghan fighters Only about two thousand fighters escaped from the revolt of Qazvin and with difficulty ran away to Isfahan. When they spoke to Mahmud khan about the incident, he couldn’t believe his ears. Then he got so angry that he sentenced to death about five hundred Safavids who were captives. He didn’t sentence to death only Sultan Husain and his two sons.
…The loss of Qazvin had shaken Mahmud Shah’s nerves. After some time his nerves were strongly shocked. He behaved as though mad. At last the Afghans were sick of his madness and illness, they began thinking about what measures to take. They offered the throne to Mahmud khan’s nephew, Ashraf bey. Ashraf bey accepted that proposal and he killed his uncle and declared himself Shah.
Saint-Petersburg, thepalace of Peter the Great, 1724
Peter the Great, who seemed hale and hearty in spite of being old, was looking at the map of the empire. The map was on a big table. He was thinking with his arms crossed on his chest. He had occupied Darband and Baku using the opportunity of weakness of the dynasty of the Safavid. That day two ambassadors would come to his reception. One of them was Alexander Vasilyevich Nepluyev whom Peter the Great had appointed ambassador to istanbul; the other was Ismayil bey who was sent by the ruler of the Safavid, by Tahmasb Shah for talks. Peter the Great had decided to receive firstly Nepluyev, to clear up with him the problem of the attitude of the Ottomans to Azerbaijan; then to receive the messenger of Shah Tahmasb. Ismayil bey was in Saint-Petersburg for about one week. But Peter the Great didn’t hurry to meet with him.
Just at that moment the doors, the height of which was about four or five meters, opened; the master of ceremonies entered the room and hit the golden stick on the floor and said loudly:
– Your Highness, Emperor! Your chief ambassador in Is- tan bul, Al ex an der Vasilyevich Nepluyev!
The emperor hinted “come” with a sign of his hand. A man of medium height came in. He was the ambassador of Russia in Istanbul. He bent his head and bowed. Peter the Great said in a lively manner:
– Well, Alexander Vasilyevich, tell me how it is to live in Istanbul? Don’t you miss your home?
– No, Your Highness! I don’t miss, but it is very difficult for a Christian to live among the Moslems, especially among the Turkish people. It is right, there are Christian churches too, but to live there isn’t too easy....Not easy.
The moustaches of Peter the Great trembled with rage. He brought himself together and clapped his hands on the shoulder of the ambassador:
– Never mind, Alexander Vasilyevich, have patience, the time will come, we shall drive out all the Turks, these Mos- lems, from Istanbul. Remember well, he who will occupy Istanbul will be the ruler of the world.
– Let it be as you say, Your Highness!
Peter the Great put a question to the ambassador in a lively voice:
– Now, tell me how the situation is with the Ottomans? -I mean those whose trousers are loose…
– Your Highness, after the occupation of Darband and Baku by the Russian troops, the Ottomans began to act. One part of the Ottomans went forward from Baghdad till Hamadan under the leadership of Ahmad pasha; the other part of them occupied Tiflis and is going to conquer the north part of Azerbaijan including Shirvan…
Peter the Great interrupted his words:
– Alexander Vasilyevich, don’t continue! Show me on the map what you said to me.
– All right, Your Highness!
They came nearer to the map. Nepluyev took the thin switch for the map and put it on the state of Safavids.
– Your Highness, here is Azerbaijan. I have heard that the troops of Ahmad pasha will go till Qazvin, then passing through Irevan they will join with the army going in the direction of Shirvan and his troops will fight against our garrison to free Darband and Baku. The chief Vizier called me to Topqapi many times and wanted to present me with a note about the war.
Peter the Great said in surprise:
– Why didn’t he present the note?
– By the efforts of Markiz de Bonak, the ambassador of France in istanbul.
– Hmm… What is the interest of France.?
– As I know, the king of France doesn’t want war between the Ottomans and Russia.
– Is it useful for France or for the Ottomans?
– Of course, for France, Your Highness! France doesn’t want the two big states fighting against each other. In fact, France wants to make the Turks fight against Austria.
Peter the Great laughed loudly:
– Oh …I didn’t know about it. It appears that France
wants to place Austria under its command…
– It appears like this, Your Highness!
Peter the Great asked one more question:
– Has Markiz de Bonak firm standing in the palace of the Sultan?
– Yes, Your Highness! He has a firm standing with the Sultan and the Viziers. The Ottomans try to strengthen economical, political and military relations with France.
– Well, it is clear. It appears that a war against the Ottomans is not expected soon. How is the situation in the Safavids?