Heath's Modern Language Series: Mariucha
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116. que; appears to have no more force than y in this type of phrase. Probably this use arose from the causal sense of que = porque.
140. todo el señorío, the subject of nos abonaremos, 'all we gentlefolk.'
189. Con ellas me va muy bien, I get along very well with them.
215. mantones de Manila; the gala ornament of the popular classes in Madrid and Andalusia. It is a large silk shawl, usually white or cream color, with florid embroidery in colors.
224-225. Saludo a María,… sabiduría; the words with which León jocularly greets Mariucha are taken from the Litany of the Blessed Virgin, commonly called the Litany of Loreto. The Latin phrases are—Stella matutina, Turris eburnea, Sedes sapientiae. Ora pro nobis is the response given by the congregation after each epithet.
226. ¡Cómo viene hoy! What good spirits to-day!
256. ¡Que si sabe! I should say she does!
295. loquinario; this word, like some others in this play (perchero, encajería), is not to be found in the very deficient dictionaries of the Castilian language. Its meaning is clear, however, and it occurs elsewhere in Galdós (Casandra, novela, pp. 78, 340).
308. con reflejos metálicos; having a thin iridescent metallic film technically called 'luster.' This particular kind of art pottery and tiles is a characteristic product of the Iberian peninsula. It has been traced back to the 12th century there, and is thought to have come originally from Persia. The best-known factory is at Manises, near Valencia, but others are in operation. On the Hispano-Moresque lustred ware one may consult Juan F. Riaño, Spanish Industrial Art, London, 1890, pp. 147-162; and Leonard Williams, The Arts and Crafts of Older Spain, London, 1907, II, 161-185.
317-318. partiditas… liquidacioncitas; doña Vicenta is fond of diminutives, which she uses with sarcastic intent in many cases.
371. Ya dije yo, that's what I thought!
585. ¡Ahora es ella! See note to II, 86. The neuter feminine is less common with the subject form of the pronoun; but examples are found. See Hanssen, Gramática histórica de la lengua castellana, § 502.
649. la tarántula; the tarantula is a kind of spider, taking its name from the city of Taranto in southern Italy. Tradition, which modern science cannot corroborate, has it that the bite of the tarantula produces a sort of sleeping sickness known as Tarantism. To rouse the sufferers a wild music (tarantella) was played, which caused them to dance till a profuse perspiration broke out, when the effects of the poison were thrown off.
659. por prometido = téngalo usted por prometido.
720. al don Cesáreo; the article is used here depreciatively: that fellow…!
777-778. como si lo viera, me le hacen a usted; the subject of viera is yo, me is the untranslated "ethical dative," and hacen is the indefinite third plural.
817. las [bromas] que yo gasto, what my jokes are like.
ACTO CUARTO108-109. si fuera un coco de fea, if she were as homely as a hedge fence.
116. ella es grande; one cannot be quite sure whether this phrase means she is of high station, or she is a grandee. It has not been previously stated that the family of Alto-Rey enjoys the privileges of grandeeship. A grandee of Spain is allowed to keep his hat on in the king's presence, if a man; if a woman, to be seated before the queen (tomar la almohada).
141. Ya, para lo que falta…, To be sure, there's no need of saying more.
157-158. que no pueda yo…! to think I can't!
253-254. por agregarse notas = porque se agregan notas. In Spanish, a noun may be the subject of an infinitive introduced by a preposition.
478-479. que sacrifique su inclinación; the change to third person is probably to be explained by Filomena's turning to speak to Don Rafael.
533-534. Cesáreo, que vela por la familia; the son is jointly responsible with the father for the maintenance of the family and for the conduct and honor of the individual members. When the father is incapacitated, the son naturally assumes the entire burden.
548. a vivir por mí misma, to live my own life. The phrase sounds like Ibsen. For example, Nora's words, "I have just as sacred duties toward myself." (A Doll's House, last scene.)
ACTO QUINTO21-23. querían… valiéranse; this combination of tenses is unusual. We do not have here a contrary to fact condition, as might at first appear. If that were the case, the imperfect indicative could not be employed in the if-clause. This is a simple condition in past time, the irregularity being in the use of valiéranse, an archaic way of expressing a sort of imperative,—debieron valerse, or válganse. Translate, since they wished… they should have employed.
23. valiéranse de otros de mi oficio; earlier in his life Galdós was inclined to deal harshly with members of the priesthood of the type to which he alludes here, but the agreeable figure of Don Rafael reveals the writer's growing sympathy for the clergy.
88-89. la que se le viene encima, what he's in for; la is the neuter feminine; see note to II, 86.
265. que, and. See Ramsey, Text-book of Modern Spanish, § 1421.
314. Yo soy estoico, y no temo ningún castigo. The philosophy of stoicism is especially attractive to Galdós, and he plays with it in several of his works. Thus, Orozco, of Realidad, strives to attain stoic perfection; and the chief characters of other plays sometimes act like stoics (Paternoy, Los condenados, II, 14; Pantoja, Electra, IV, 10; Berenguer, La fiera, III, 5). That the stoicism of Seneca (a Spaniard) is the fundamental trait of Spanish character, is the contention brilliantly set forth by Ángel Ganivet in the first dozen pages of his Idearium español.
325. un arma; the feminine indefinite article is by some writers changed to un under the same conditions in which la becomes el. Cf. un hacha in line 333.
338. la razón que me asiste, the right which is on my side.
VOCABULARY
The vocabulary is intended to include the infinitives of all verbs found in the text, the masculine singular of adjectives, and the singular of nouns. Adverbs regularly formed from adjectives of corresponding meaning are omitted when those adjectives are present. Articles, personal pronouns, numerals up to twelve, and words identical in meaning and spelling with the English are also omitted.
A
a to, at, in, on; by, of, from; with, for; before;
—– que what will you bet that…;
¿A qué? Wherefore?
—– los diez minutos within ten minutes
abajo down, below, downstairs
abandonar abandon, yield
abatimiento m. dejection
aberración f. error, mistake
abismo m. abyss
ablandar soften
abnegación f. self-denial, spirit of sacrifice
abogado m. lawyer
abolir abolish
abonar credit with;
—se subscribe, take a season ticket
abovedado, -a arched, vaulted
abrasar burn, consume
abrazar embrace
abrazo m. embrace
abrigar cover, wrap
abrigo m. cover, shelter; overcoat, coat, wrap
abrir open
abrumador, -a oppressive
abrumar oppress, weigh down, crush
absoluto, -a absolute, utter
absolver absolve, acquit
absorto, -a absorbed
abstraído, -a distracted, absent-minded
absurdo, -a absurd, unreasonable
abuela f. grandmother;
—– de padre father's mother
abuelo m. grandfather;
—– de madre mother's father
abur good-bye
abyección f. abjectness, abject poverty
acá here
acabar finish, end; run out;
acabo de hacerlo I have just done it (this idiom is used only with the present and imperfect of
acabar);
acaba por rendirse in the end yields
acariciar caress
acaso perhaps, perchance;
por – by chance;
por si – in case of emergency, as a precaution
accesorio m. accessory
acción f. act, action;
en – de as an act of
acechar peep, spy, watch
acelerar hasten
acento m. accent
aceptación f. acceptance, sale
aceptar accept
acerca de about, concerning
acercarse a approach, come near
acero m. steel
acertar succeed; guess right, speak truly; happen
aciago, -a gloomy, ill-fated
aclarar clear up
acobardarse lose courage, quail
acoger receive
acólito m. acolyte, assistant in church service
acometer attack
acomodar arrange, place;
—se settle; adapt oneself; p.p. well off, well to do
acompañamiento m. accompaniment
acompañar accompany
aconsejar advise
acontecer happen
acontecimiento m. event
acopiar gather, heap together
acordar agree upon, arrange;
—se de remember
acostarse go to bed
acostumbrar accustom, have the custom, be wont;
—se accustom oneself, get used to; p.p. accustomed
actitud f. attitude;
en – de starting to
acto m. act
actual present, of present-day interest
acudir have recourse, respond; arrive, come up
adefesio m. ridiculous get-up, togs
adelantarse come forward
adelante forward, ahead, on;
¡–! come in! go on!
en – thenceforward
adelanto m. progress, state of advancement
ademán m. gesture
además besides;
—– de beside, in addition to
adiós good-bye, farewell
adivinar guess
adjetivo m. adjective
admiración f. admiration
admirador m. admirer
admirar admire
admitir admit
adoptar adopt
adoración f. adoration
adorar adore
adornar adorn
adorno m. ornament
adquirir acquire
adulación f. flattery
adular flatter
adusto, -a gloomy, sullen
adversidad f. adversity
advertencia f. warning
advertir warn, inform; observe, notice
afán m. anxiety, eagerness; trial
afectación f. affectation, ostentation
afectar affect; feign
afecto m. affection
afectuoso, -a affectionate
afirmar assert
afirmativo, -a affirmative
aflicción f. distress, sorrow
afligir afflict; cause sorrow;
—se worry
afrenta f. shame, disgrace
afrentoso, -a ignominious, disgraceful
afrontar face
agitar agitate; wave
agobiar oppress, crush, overwork
agonía f. suffering
agradar please
agradecer be grateful for, thank; p.p. grateful
agradecimiento m. gratitude
Agramante fictitious town in Spain
agramantino, -a of Agramante
agregar add;
—se join
agrícola farming
agricultura f. agriculture
agua f. water; pl. waterworks
aguardar(se) wait, wait for, await
agudeza f. shrewdness
agudo, -a keen, sharp; (of sound) high
ahí there;
por – around here, around there, something like that
ahogar stifle
ahogo m. oppression, anguish
ahora now;
—– bien well, then;
—– mismo this very minute
ahorcar hang
ahorrillos m. pl. small savings
ahorros m. pl. savings
airado, -a angry, wrathful
aire m. air, breeze, draft; pl. climate
ajeno, -a of others, another's
ajustar adjust, settle
Aladino m. Aladdin
alargar extend, hand over
alarmante alarming
alarmar alarm
alberca f. pond, reservoir
alborada f. singing in the open air at dawn, carol
alcalde m. mayor
alcaldesa f. mayor's wife
alcanzar attain to, obtain, comprehend;
no se me alcanza I don't understand
aldeana f. village girl, country woman
aleccionar teach, give a lesson to
alegar allege, declare the existence of
alegrar gladden;
—se rejoice, be glad
alegre gay, light-hearted, bright
alegría f. joy, happiness
alejar drive away;
—se go away
alelado, -a stupid, stupefied
aleluya m. and f. Mother Goose rimes
Alemania f. Germany
Alemañas =
Alemania (a confusion with
alimaña animal)
alentar draw breath, come to life; encourage
alfarería f. pottery
algo something; somewhat
alguien some one
alguno, -a some, a few, any (after a singular noun in a negative sentence = ninguno)
alimentación f. food, nourishment
alimentar feed;
—se feed, live on
alma f. soul;
con – with all my heart and soul;
de mi – my dear
almacén m. storeroom, warehouse, yard
alojarse lodge
alquilador m. renter
alquilar rent, hire
alquiler m. (also pl.) rent
altanero, -a, proud
alternativamente alternately
alto, -a tall, high; important; upper;
—o,
en voz —a aloud
¡alto! halt! stop!
Alto-Rey Alto-Rey
altura f. height;
en las —s on high
alucinarse delude oneself
alumno, -a m. and f. pupil
alza f. advance, rise in price;
en – rising, going up
alzar raise;
—se rise
allá there;
—– usted that's your own business;
más – beyond, further
allegadora f. collector, gatherer of odds and ends
allí there
amabilidad f. amiability
amable amiable, kind, delightful
amago m. symptom
amansar tame
amar love
amargo, -a bitter
amargura f. bitterness
amasar knead
amasijo m. kneaded dough; mass, quantity
ambos, -as both
amenaza f. threat
americano, -a American
amigo, -a m. and f. friend; adj. friendly, fond of
amiguita f. dear friend
amistad f. friendship
amo m. master; pl. master and mistress
amor m. love; sweetheart; pl. love affair
amoroso, -a loving
amparo m. protection
anciano, -a old
ancho, -a wide; ample;
a sus -as with complete freedom
andar go, go on, walk; be; n.m. going, progress
anemia f. anemia
anfitrionisa f. hostess
ángel m. angel, darling
angelico m. little angel, cherub
ángulo m. angle, corner
angustia f. anguish, affliction
angustiado, -a distressed
angustioso, -a full of anguish, painful
anhelar desire
anhelo m. desire, longing
anillo m. ring
animación f. animation
animar encourage;
—se take heart, grow excited
ánimo m. courage, spirit, intention
animoso, -a spirited
aniquilar annihilate
anonadar annihilate, stun
ansiedad f. anxiety
ansioso, -a anxious
antaño long ago
ante before, in the face of
antecedentes m. pl. past history
antes first, before, previously, formerly;
– de,
– que before;
– bien rather, on the other hand;
– de (las veinticuatro horas) within
anticipar tell first;
—se take the lead, be the first, get ahead of
anticuado, -a out of date, old-fashioned
antiguo, -a ancient, former;
de -o, of old
antipatía f. dislike
antipático, -a displeasing, disagreeable
antojarse (a uno) desire, feel a whim for
Antonio m. Anthony
anunciar announce, relate
añadir add
año m. year
apacible pleasant
apañadico, -a dim. of
apañado
apañar dress
aparecer appear
aparentar put on airs of, make a false show of
apartar push aside;
—se go to one side; leave
aparte aside; separate;
– de distinct from
apelar appeal
apenas scarcely, barely; no sooner
apetito m. appetite
apilar pile up
aplastar crush
aplicado, -a studious, industrious
aplicar apply;
– el oído listen intently
aplomado, -a self-possessed
apodado, -a nicknamed, alias
apoyar support, rest;
—se lean
apoyo m. support
apreciar judge; esteem
aprender learn
aprestarse make ready
apretar squeeze, press tight, clench
aprobar approve
aprovechamiento m. using up, employing
aprovechar make use of, profit by, do good to
aproximarse approach
aptitud f. capability
apuesta f. bet, wager
apuntación f. taking notes; memorandum
apunte m. memorandum
aquel, -lla that, the former;
aquél, aquélla, aquello that one that; the former; I, 13
el aquél that matter
aquí here
arbitrio m. scheme
árbol m. tree
arbusto m. shrub
arca f. chest
arder burn
ardid m. stratagem
aristocracia f. aristocracy
arma f. weapon
armario m. wardrobe
armónico, -a harmonious
armonizar harmonize
arranque m. start, first steps; outburst, impulsiveness
arrasar raze, level to the ground
arrastrar drag
¡arre! get up! (said to horses, etc.)
arrebatar snatch
arrebato m. attack, rush, impulse
arreglar arrange, set in order; I, 539 make over;
—se get along, find a way
arreglo m. making over, remodeling; setting in order