© Andrei Shvets, 2025
ISBN 978-5-0067-4300-7
Created with Ridero smart publishing system
Karate
The karate we know was formed in Okinawa in the second half of the 19th century. In Japan at that time, a reform was carried out that deprived the samurai of their privileges. They had to engage in agriculture, crafts, and trade. They also had to face the hatred of the lower classes, who had been dominated for a long time. The impoverished samurai of Okinawa could not practice martial arts as before. They had neither the funds nor the time for this. But they were well acquainted with the experience of the family wushu styles of mainland China and used it.
Chinese family styles were based on the learning and repetition of a relatively small number of self-defense techniques. united into complexes. Such complexes are easy to practice at any time and anywhere. For example, in the morning before working around your house, or returning from the field in the evening. Such complexes were passed down from father or grandfather to son or grandson, like cheese recipes or agricultural skills. Therefore, such styles were practiced by artisans, traders and peasants who did not have time for long training and did not have regular partners to practice techniques. In China itself, due to the widespread use of firearms, these styles were almost forgotten in the late 19th century. However, in Okinawa they got a second life.
Okinawan masters from among samurai deprived of their privileges studied complexes of Chinese styles and, using their rich combat experience, improved them. The movements of the complexes called kata became more natural, and the techniques became simpler and more effective at the same time.
Many karate masters practiced only one or a few kata. But the scarcity of the technical arsenal was compensated by the method of accumulating internal energy. And it accumulates if it is not wasted outside. Two methods were used to conserve energy. The first was to focus on the area in the lower abdomen called the hara or tanden. By collecting attention in the center of his body, a person does not waste attention and energy in the outside world and it begins to accumulate. The same method is used in the internal styles of Wushu and in the Romanov system.