The Ghost World

1

xxiii. 100; Keary’s Outlines of Primitive Belief, p. 284.

2

The Three Principles, chap. xix. ‘Of the Going Forth of the Soul.’

3

Letourneau’s Sociology, p. 252.

4

Primitive Culture, 1873, i. p. 457.

5

1st S. ii. p. 51.

6

Letourneau’s Sociology, p. 257.

7

Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. p. 433; Brinton’s Myths of the New World, p. 253.

8

Harland and Wilkinson’s Lancashire Folk-lore, 1867, p. 210.

9

1st S. i. p. 315.

10

Cf. ‘Nexosque resolveret artus,’ Virgil on the death of Dido. Æneid iv. 695.

11

See Dalyell’s Darker Superstitions of Scotland, p. 302, and Notes and Queries, 1st S. iv. p. 350.

12

Ibid. i. p. 467.

13

1st S. iii. p. 84.

14

Kelly’s Indo-European Folk-lore, pp. 127-128.

15

Dorman’s Primitive Superstitions, p. 43.

16

In a note to Redgauntlet, Letter xi.

17

Folk-lore Record, i. pp. 59-60.

18

Timon of Athens, iv. 3.

19

Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 60-61.

20

See Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. p. 145.

21

Iliad, ii. 852.

22

Illustrations of Shakspeare, 1839, pp. 324-326.

23

Dorman’s Primitive Superstitions, p. 40.

24

Tylor’s Anthropology, 1881, p. 343.

25

See further instances in Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. pp. 440, 441.

26

Fiji and the Fijians, i. p. 242.

27

See Sir John Lubbock’s Origin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 141.

28

Werewolves, p. 29.

29

See Chapter on Second Sight.

30

See Tylor’s Anthropology, p. 345; and Sir John Lubbock’s Origin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man, p. 141; and H. Spencer’s Principles of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 777.

31

Principles of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 174.

32

De Anima, p. 9; see Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. p. 456.

33

Principles of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 174.

34

See Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. p. 457.

35

Dorman’s Primitive Superstitions, p. 20.

36

Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. p. 456.

37

Letourneau’s Sociology, p. 253.

38

See Tylor’s Anthropology, 1881, p. 344.

39

Nineteenth Century, July 1885, pp. 143-144, ‘Transylvanian Superstitions,’ by Madame Emily de Laszowska Gerard.

40

Ralston’s Songs of the Russian People, p. 117.

41

Myths and Dreams, 1885, p. 184.

42

Myths and Myth-makers, 1873, p. 225.

43

See Hunt’s Popular Romances of the West of England, p. 373.

44

Fasti, v. 457.

45

Primitive Superstitions, p. 195.

46

The Origin of Civilisation, and the Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 140; see Letourneau’s Sociology, p. 263.

47

Brinton’s Myths of the New World, 1868, p. 257.

48

Dorman’s Primitive Superstitions, 1881, p. 193.

49

See Lecky’s Rationalism in Europe, 1870, i. p. 340; cf. Maury’s Légendes Pieuses, p. 124.

50

Primitive Culture, i. p. 455.

51

See Andrew Lang’s Myth, Ritual, Religion, i. p. 108.

52

Odyssey, xxiv.

53

Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. p. 451.

54

Night Side of Nature.

55

Yardley’s Supernatural in Fiction, p. 93.

56

Letourneau’s Sociology, p. 257.

57

Primitive Culture, ii. p. 29; Douce’s Illustrations of Shakespeare, pp. 450, 451.

58

Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 126, note.

59

Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, ii. p. 166.

60

See Gregor’s Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, p. 68.

61

Edited by C. S. Burne.

62

Countess Evelyn Martinengo-Cesaresco, 1886, Essays in the Study of Folk-songs, p. 8.

63

Study of Folk-songs, p. 2.

64

Study of Folk-songs, p. 8.

65

Ralston’s Songs of the Russian People, p. 121.

66

Study of Folk-songs, p. 21.

67

Folk-lore Record, 1879, iii. pp. 111, 112.

68

Folk-lore Record, 1879, iii. pp. 111, 112.

69

Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 119.

70

Gregor’s Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, p. 69.

71

Sir John Lubbock’s Origin of Civilisation, p. 134.

72

Primitive Culture, ii. p. 120.

73

The Chinese: J. F. Davis, 1836, ii. pp. 139, 140.

74

Folk-lore of China, p. 73.

75

See Dorman’s Primitive Superstitions, p. 304.

76

Primitive Culture, ii. p. 28.

77

See Dorman’s Primitive Superstitions, 1880, pp. 19, 20.

78

Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, ii, p. 19.

79

Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, ii. pp. 94, 95.

80

Griffis, The Mikado’s Kingdom.

81

Denny’s Folk-lore of China; see Bassett’s Legends and Superstitions of the Sea, p. 296.

82

Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, 1881, p. 68.

83

Haunted Homes of England, 1881, p. 286.

84

Haunted Homes of England, 2nd S., pp. 222-225.

85

Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 267.

86

British Goblins, pp. 143, 144.

87

Gentleman’s Magazine, 1855, part ii. p. 58.

88

See Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 324-325.

89

Quoted in Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. p. 444.

90

See Ingram’s Haunted Homes, 1884, pp. 33-36.

91

See Book of Days, ii. p. 287.

92

Songs of the Russian People, p. 118.

93

Quoted by Gubernatis, Zoological Mythology, 1872, ii. pp. 254, 255.

94

Countess Evelyn Martinengo-Cesaresco, Study of Folk-songs p. 10; Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, i. p. 289.

95

Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 126; Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, ii. p. 211.

96

See Dorman’s Primitive Superstitions, pp. 48, 49.

97

Jones’ Credulities, Past and Present, p. 376.

98

See Dasent’s Tales of the Norse, 1859, p. 230.

99

Jones’ Credulities, Past and Present, p. 373.

100

Dorman’s Primitive Superstitions, pp. 255, 256.

101

Hardwick’s Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, 1872 p. 243; Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, i. p. 289. See Kelly’s Indo-European Folk-lore, p. 103.

102

See Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 331-335.

103

Dorman’s Primitive Superstitions, p. 255.

104

Indo-European Folk-lore, pp. 104, 105.

105

Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 131.

106

Hunt’s Popular Romances of the West of England, p. 377.

107

Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 105, 106.

108

See Ibid. pp. 108-111.

109

See Hartshorne’s Salopia Antiqua, p. 522

110

Notes and Queries, 1st S. ii. p. 515.

111

Nineteenth Century, April 1885, p. 625.

112

See Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, ii. pp. 289, 290.

113

Nineteenth Century, April 1885, p. 625.

114

Letourneau’s Sociology, p. 250.

115

Ibid. p. 264.

116

Ibid. p. 266.

117

Book of Days, ii. p. 433.

118

See Harland and Wilkinson’s Lancashire Folk-lore, p. 91.

119

‘West Sussex Superstitions,’ Folk-lore Record, i. p. 23.

120

Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 274, 275.

121

Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 275.

122

See Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 274-278.

123

See Wirt Sikes’ British Goblins, pp. 167-169.

124

See Roby’s Traditions of Lancashire; Homerton’s Isles of Loch Awe; Hardwick’s Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, pp. 153-176.

125

Northern Mythology, iii. p. 219.

126

Ibid. ii. pp. 195-202.

127

Northern Mythology, ii. pp. 198, 199.

128

See Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, ii. pp. 102, 166, 167.

129

The Nineteenth Century, ‘Comparative Study of Ghost Stories,’ 1885, xvii. pp. 629, 630.

130

Rev. W. Gregor, Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, 1881, p. 69.

131

Yorkshire Oddities, ii. p. 105.

132

See Ingram’s Haunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 29, 30.

133

See Wirt Sikes’ British Goblins, pp. 219-221.

134

‘Secrets of Sable Island,’ Harper’s Magazine.

135

See Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, ii. pp. 97, 202, 211; iii. pp. 11, 158, 268.

136

Songs of the Russian People, 1872, p. 116.

137

Folk-lore Record, 1878, i. p. 54.

138

Evolution of Light from the Living Subject.

139

Transactions Cardiff Natural Society, iv. p. 5.

140

Wirt Sikes, British Goblins, p. 239.

141

See Ingram’s Haunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 219-221.

142

See ‘Essay on Fairy Superstitions’ in the Border Minstrelsy.

143

Rink’s Tales and Traditions of the Eskimos, p. 43.

144

Josselyn’s Two Voyages, p. 133.

145

Primitive Culture, i. p. 390.

146

See The Norfolk Antiquarian Miscellany, 1877, i. pp. 288, 289.

147

Eastern Counties Collectanea, p. 3.

148

See Notes and Queries, 1st S. xii. p. 486, for another hole or pit story.

149

The Curate of Cranston, and other Stories, 1862, ‘Carriage and Four Ghosts.’

150

Notes and Queries, 1st S. v. p. 295.

151

Hardwick’s Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, p. 130.

152

Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 112.

153

Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 113, 114.

154

A full account will be found in a paper by Mr. F. Ross, in the Leeds Mercury, 1884, entitled ‘Yorkshire Legends and Traditions.’

155

See Ingram’s Haunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 72-78.

156

Folk-lore of the Northern Counties, pp. 326-328.

157

Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland, pp. 163, 164.

158

See notes to Crofton Croker’s Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland, where much curious information will be found on this subject.

159

Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. p. 437.

160

Zoological Mythology, ii. p. 218.

161

Folk-songs of the Russian People, p. 118.

162

Dorman’s Primitive Superstitions, p. 23.

163

Ibid. p. 42.

164

Miss Bird’s Unbeaten Tracks in Japan, i. p. 380.

165

Occult Sciences, 1855, Elihu Rich, p. 188.

166

For works on this subject may be consulted, Colin de Plancy’s Dictionnaire Infernal; the Malleus Maleficarum of the Germans; Del Rio’s Disquisitiones Magicæ; and Occult Sciences, paper by Elihu Rich, pp. 189-191.

167

Gregor, Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, pp. 68, 69.

168

1799, i. p. 281.

169

See ‘Ghosts and Ghost-lore,’ Leisure Hour, 1871, pp. 334-766.

170

Life of Benvenuto Cellini.

171

Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. p. 143.

172

See also Real Ghost Stories. Edited by W. T. Stead.

173

Primitive Culture, ii. p. 153.

174

See Daily Telegraph, Nov. 17, 1890. Article on ‘Ghost Laying.’ Burns’s ‘Tam o’ Shanter’ turns on this point, and it is noticed by Sir Walter Scott in ‘The Lay of the Last Minstrel’ (Canto III. Stanza 13): ‘The running stream dissolv’d the spell.’

175

Romances of West of England, p. 470.

176

Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 107.

177

Lewin, Hill Tracts of Chittagong, p. 84.

178

See Sir John Lubbock, Origin of Civilisation and Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 145.

179

Fiji and the Fijians, i. p. 248.

180

Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 113.

181

Folk-songs of Russia, p. 320.

182

Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, ii. p. 275.

183

Dorman’s Primitive Superstitions, p. 37.

184

Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 140, 141.

185

British Goblins, p. 165.

186

Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 138, 139.

187

Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 122, 123.

188

Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 247.

189

Jabez Allies, Worcestershire.

190

Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 337.

191

Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 125.

192

Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 338.

193

See Harland and Wilkinson’s Lancashire Legends, pp. 10-12.

194

Ingram’s Haunted Homes, 2nd S. p. 265.

195

See Gentleman’s Magazine, 1855, part ii. pp. 58, 59.

196

See Ingram’s Haunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 155-159.

197

Jones: Credulities Past and Present, p. 92.

198

Romances of West of England, p. 366.

199

Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, pp. 10, 11.

200

Quoted in Bassett’s ‘Legends of the Sea,’ from Livermore’s History of Block Island.

201

Life of Byron.

202

See Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. p. 109.

203

Principles of Sociology, p. 219.

204

Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 11.

205

Northern Mythology, ii. p. 203.

206

Tylor’s Primitive Culture, i. p. 446.

207

Chap. II.

208

Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 344.

209

See Sir Walter Scott’s Poetical Works, 1853, viii. p. 126.

210

Popular Romances of West of England, p. 372.

211

See Chapter on ‘Phantom Birds.’

212

Gentleman’s Magazine, 1764, p. 59.

213

See Moncure Conway’s Demonology and Devil Lore.

214

Night Side of Nature, 1854, p. 315.

215

See Notes and Queries, 5th S. xi. p. 334.

216

Chambers’s Encyclopædia, 1886, x. p. 179.

217

The Nineteenth Century, April 1865, p. 628; Myth, Ritual, and Religion, 1887, i. p. 104.

218

Fison’s Kamilaroi and Kurnai, p. 253.

219

1822, Part ii. pp. 598, 599.

220

Quoted in Mrs. Crowe’s Night Side of Nature, 1854, p. 181.

221

See Notes and Queries, 1st S. iii. 170.

222

Life and Times of Lord Brougham, written by himself, 1871.

223

See Brand’s Popular Antiquities, 1870, iii. p. 117.

224

Dr. F. G. Lee: Glimpses of the Supernatural; the subject has been discussed in Notes and Queries.

225

Comparative Study of Ghost Stories, April 1885, pp. 630, 631.

226

Certainty of a World of Spirits, p. 181.

227

Yardley’s Supernatural in Fiction, p. 94.

228

T. M. Jarvis: Accredited Ghost Stories, 1823

229

Chambers’s Popular Rhymes of Scotland, pp. 238, 239.

230

Jones’s Credulities Past and Present, p. 123.

231

See Hunt’s Popular Romances of West of England.

232

Wirt Sikes: British Goblins, p. 26.

233

See Chapter ‘Phantom Animals.’

234

Hunt’s Popular Romances of West of England, p. 354.

235

Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, iii. p. 96.

236

Jones’s Credulities Past and Present, p. 138.

237

Popular Romances of West of England, p. 350.

238

Folk-lore Record, i. p. 54.

239

McAnally: Irish Wonders, p. 112.

240

Irish Wonders, 1888, p. 114.

241

Irish Wonders, p. 112.

242

Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland, p. 84.

243

British Goblins, pp. 212-216.

244

See Bassett’s Legends and Superstitions of the Sea, pp. 346, 347.

245

Quoted in Bassett’s Legends of the Sea, p. 351.

246

Poems: A Greypoint Legend, 1797.

247

The Wreck of the Schooner Breeze.

248