Butterflies and Moths (British)

Family Hypenidæ

Geometræ.

Little Thorn (Advenaria)

Brimstone (Luteolata)

Speckled Yellow (Macularia)

Orange (Prunaria)

Barred Red (Prosapiaria)

Scorched Wing (Dolobraria)

Lunar Thorn (Lunaria)

Peppered (Betularia)

Speckled Beauty (Angularia)

Genus Boarmia

Square Spot (Consonaria)

Brindled White-spot (Luridata)

Grey Birch (Punctularia)

Blotched Emerald (Pustulata)

Small Grass Emerald (Viridata)

Common Emerald (Strigata)

Nearly all the family Acidaliidæ

Genus Bapta

Peacock (Notata)

Rannoch Geometer (Brunneata)

Brown Silver-line (Petraria)

Barred Umber (Pulveraria)

Grey Scalloped Bar (Belgiaria)

Frosted Yellow (Limbaria)

Bordered White (Piniaria)

Drab Geometer (Murinata)

Black-veined (Lineata)

Grass Wave (Strigillaria)

Clouded Magpie (Sylvata)

Scorched Carpet (Adustata)

Clouded Border (Marginata)

Twin-spot Carpet (Didymata)

Grey Mountain Carpet (Cæsiata)

Striped Twin-spot Carpet (Salicata)

Green Carpet (Viridaria)

Genus Emmelesia

Most of the Pugs (Eupithecia)

Small Seraphim (Sexalisata)

Seraphim (Halterata)

Yellow-barred Brindle (Viretata)

Shaded Broad-bar (Variata)

Ruddy High-flier (Ruberata)

Purple Bar (Ocellata)

Beautiful Carpet (Albicillata)

Genus Melanippe

Royal Mantle (Cucullata)

Flame (Rubidata)

Genus Coremia

Yellow Shell (Bilineata)

Fern (Tersata)

Oblique Carpet (Vittata)

Small Waved Umber (Vitalbata)

Scalloped Shell (Undulata)

Brown Scallop (Vetulata)

Short-cloak Carpet (Picata)

Broken-barred Carpet (Corylata)

Common Marbled Carpet (Truncata)

Small Phœnix (Silaceata)

Small Mallow (Limitata)

Belle (Plumbaria)

Oblique-striped (Virgata)

Treble Bar (Plagiata)

Pale Grey Carpet (Griseata)

Chimney Sweep (Atrata)

JULY

The number of species on the wing in July is even greater than in June. Butterflies are very numerous, some being second broods of double-brooded species, and others late single-brooded insects.

Sphinges are beginning to fall off, and so are the Bombyces, but the Noctuæ and Geometræ are slightly on the increase.

As regards the Micros, a good number of fresh species may be expected, all the groups exhibiting a marked increase in the total number on the wing with the exception of the Tineæ.

Sugaring is likely to pay well this month, and many moths may be attracted by light. Tree trunks and fences should be well examined.

Pupæ may certainly be taken, but unless the collector is particularly desirous of obtaining the pupæ of insects known to be now passing through that stage, he will probably do better by looking after imagines.

Larvæ, however, may well receive a little attention, providing the setting of butterflies and moths leave a little leisure for other employments. Beating by day, and searching by both day and night, even if carried on only occasionally, will probably supply you with as many species as you can accommodate in your glasses and cages.

The butterflies of the month are:

Swallow Tail (Machaon)

Black-veined White (Cratægi)

Large White (Brassicæ)

Small White (Rapæ)

Green-veined White (Napi)

Wood White (Sinapis)

Brimstone (Rhamni)

Dark Green Fritillary (Aglaia)

High Brown Fritillary (Adippe)

Silver-washed Fritillary (Paphia)

Heath Fritillary (Athalia)

Comma (C-Album)

Large Tortoiseshell (Polychloros)

Small Tortoiseshell (Urticæ)

Peacock (Io)

Painted Lady (Cardui)

White Admiral (Sibylla)

Purple Emperor (Iris)

Marbled White (Galatea)

Northern Brown (Æthiops)

Speckled Wood (Egeria)

Grayling (Semele)

Meadow Brown (Ianira)

Large Heath (Tithonus)

Ringlet (Hyperanthes)

Marsh Ringlet (Typhon)

Small Heath (Pamphilus)

Brown Hairstreak (Betulæ)

White-letter Hairstreak (W-Album)

Dark Hairstreak (Pruni)

Purple Hairstreak (Quercus)

Green Hairstreak (Rubi)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

Silver-studded Blue (Ægon)

Common Blue (Icarus)

Chalk-hill Blue (Corydon)

Holly Blue (Argiolus)

Mazarine Blue (Semiargus)

Small Blue (Minima)

Large Blue (Arion)

Small Skipper (Thaumas)

New Small Skipper (Lineola)

The moths of July include the following species:

Sphinges.

Privet Hawk (Ligustri)

Bedstraw Hawk (Galii)

Eyed Hawk (Ocellatus)

Poplar Hawk (Populi)

Humming Bird Hawk (Stellatarum)

Hornet Clearwing of Poplar (Apiformis)

Hornet Clearwing of Osier (Crabroniformis)

Welsh Clearwing (Scoliiformis)

Red-belted Clearwing (Myopiformis)

Red-tipped Clearwing (Formiciformis)

Six-belted Clearwing (Ichneumoniformis)

Genus Ino

Burnets (Trifolii, Loniceræ and Filipendulæ)

Bombyces.

Tortrix (Undulanus)

Large Green Silver-lined (Bicolorana)

Short-cloaked (Cucullatella)

Most of the family Lithosiidæ

Tiger (Caia)

Ruby Tiger (Fuliginosa)

Buff Ermine (Lubricipeda)

White Ermine (Menthastri)

Wood Swift (Sylvanus)

Northern Swift (Velleda)

Goat Moth (Ligniperda)

Leopard (Pyrina)

Brown Tail (Chrysorrhœa)

Yellow Tail (Similis)

Satin (Salicis)

Reed Tussock (Cœnosa)

Black Arches (Monacha)

Vapourer (Antiqua)

Lackey (Neustria)

Ground Lackey (Castrensis)

Oak Eggar (Quercus)

Drinker (Potatoria)

Sallow Kitten (Furcula)

Poplar Kitten (Bifida)

Lobster (Fagi)

Pale Prominent (Palpina)

Coxcomb Prominent (Camelina)

Buff Tip (Bucephala)

Buff Arches (Derasa)

Peach Blossom (Batis)

Figure of Eighty (Octogesima)

Poplar Lutestring (Or)

Lesser Satin (Duplaris)

Noctuæ.

Marbled Green (Muralis)

Marbled Beauty (Perla)

Grey Dagger (Psi)

Miller (Leporina)

Poplar Grey (Megacephala)

Grisette (Strigosa)

Coronet (Ligustri)

Knot Grass (Rumicis)

Scarce Dagger (Auricoma)

Light Knot Grass (Menyanthidis)

Brown Line Bright Eye (Conigera)

Double Line (Turca)

Clay (Lithargyria)

Wainscots (Littoralis, Impudens, Comma, Impura, Pallens, Phragmitidis, Maritima, Rufa, Bondii, Neurica)

Ear Moth (Nictitans)

Flame (Putris)

Genus Xylophasia

Antler (Graminis)

Straw Underwing (Matura)

Most of Genus Mamestra

Genus Miana

Haworth's Minor (Haworthii)

Treble Lines (Trigrammica)

Genus Caradrina

Brown Rustic (Tenebrosa)

Archer's Dart (Vestigialis)

Pearly Underwing (Saucia)

Heart and Dart (Exclamationis)

Heart and Club (Corticea)

Sand Dart (Ripæ)

Coast Dart (Cursoria)

Garden Dart (Nigricans)

Streaked Dart (Aquilina)

True Lover's Knot (Strigula)

Stout Dart (Obscura)

Dotted Rustic (Simulans)

Northern Rustic (Lucernea)

Ashworth's Rustic (Ashworthii)

Most of Genus Noctua

Genus Triphæna

Copper Underwing (Pyramidea)

Mouse (Tragopogonis)

Old Lady (Maura)

Suspected (Suspecta)

Dismal (Upsilon)

Olive (Subtusa)

Genus Calymnia

Dusky Sallow (Ochroleuca)

Marbled Coronet (Nana)

Genus Hecatera

Minor Shoulder Knot (Viminalis)

Small Angle Shades (Lucipara)

Genus Aplecta

Dark Brocade (Adusta)

Shears (Dentina)

Nutmeg (Trifolii)

Pale-shouldered Brocade (Thalassina)

Silver Cloud (Conspicillaris)

Lychnis Shark (Lychnitis)

Wormwood Shark (Absinthii)

Family Plusiidæ

Beautiful Yellow Underwing (Myrtilli)

Marbled Clover (Dipsacea)

Four-spotted (Luctuosa)

Rosy Marbled (Venustula)

Marbled White-spot (Fasciana)

Small Purple-barred (Viridaria)

Red Underwing (Nupta)

Light Crimson Underwing (Promissa)

Dark Crimson Underwing(Sponsa)

New Black-neck (Craccæ)

Family Herminiidæ

Family Hypenidæ

Geometræ.

Swallow-tail (Sambucaria)

Dark-bordered Beauty (Parallelaria)

Bordered Beauty (Apiciaria)

Orange (Prunaria)

Light Emerald (Margaritaria)

Barred Red (Prosapiaria)

Lilac Beauty (Syringaria)

Early Thorn (Bilunaria)

Scalloped Oak (Elinguaria)

Genus Cleora

Genus Boarmia

Annulet (Obscuraria)

Scotch Annulet (Obfuscaria)

Black Mountain Moth (Coracina)

Family Geometridæ

Golden-bordered Purple (Muricata)

Waved Carpet (Sylvata)

Dingy Shell (Obliterata)

Welsh Wave (Cambrica)

Most of the Acidaliæ

Blood Vein (Amataria)

Family Macariidæ

Latticed Heath (Clathrata)

Bordered Grey (Ericetaria)

Common Heath (Atomaria)

Rest Harrow (Ononaria)

Vestal (Sacraria)

Grass Wave (Strigillaria)

Family Zerenidæ

Twin-spot Carpet (Didymata)

Grey Mountain Carpet (Cæsiata)

Yellow-ringed Carpet (Flavicinctata)

Beech-green Carpet (Olivata)

Green Carpet (Viridaria)

Genus Emmelesia

Pugs (Linariata, Oblongata, Succenturiata, Pernotata, Isogrammaria, Virgaureata, Innotata, Subnotata, Absinthiata, Tenuiata, Subciliata, Rectangulata)

Chestnut-coloured Carpet (Simulata)

Shaded Broad Bar (Variata)

Pine Carpet (Firmata)

July High-flier (Sordidata)

Genus Melanthia

Genus Melanippe

Flame (Rubidata)

Red Carpet (Munitata)

Large Twin-spot Carpet (Quadrifasciaria)

Yellow Shell (Bilineata)

Fern (Tersata)

Oblique Carpet (Vittata)

Many-lined (Polygrammata)

Dark Umber (Rhamnata)

Short-cloak Carpet (Picata)

Marsh Carpet (Sagittata)

Common Marbled Carpet (Truncata)

Dark Marbled Carpet (Immanata)

Netted Carpet (Reticulata)

Phœnix (Prunata)

Chevron (Testata)

Northern Spinach (Populata)

Barred Yellow (Fulvata)

Barred Straw (Dotata)

Spinach (Associata)

Dark Spinach (Comitata)

Small Mallow (Limitata)

Belle (Plumbaria)

Chalk Carpet (Bipunctaria)

Oblique-striped (Virgata)

Manchester Treble Bar (Paludata)

Treble Bar (Plagiata)

Pale Grey Carpet (Griseata)

Chimney Sweep (Atrata)

AUGUST

Although there is a very appreciable falling off in the number of species on the wing during August, yet there remains plenty of work for the lepidopterist.

Many of the butterflies of July continue to fly during the whole or part of this month, and several fresh species commence their flight. August, too, may be looked upon as the month for second broods, and an opportunity now arises for searching for some of the species that were missed at the time of their early appearance in May. Clover and lucerne fields should be well worked.

A few Sphinges and a number of the Bombyces are still on the wing. The Noctuæ are on the decrease, but there are yet nearly a hundred species (including the rarer ones) at large.

These last may be taken at sugar in considerable numbers, and it is interesting to note that two of the Vanessas (Atalanta and Cardui) may be caught sipping on your baited trees during the daytime.

Geometræ and Micros fall off very considerably this month, but these, as well as moths of the other groups, may be taken from tree trunks and palings. Light traps may also be used with much success during August.

Fallen fruits should be examined for the larvæ that feed within them; and late in the month ripe fruit will supply food to the lovers of sweets.

Ivy blossom should be well worked at night; and clover and lucerne fields form admirable hunting grounds for moths at night, especially just after rain.

Larvæ are to be obtained in abundance by beating and searching, the latter process being conducted by night as well as by day.

The following is the list of imagines for August:

Butterflies.

Swallow Tail (Machaon)

Large White (Brassicæ)

Small White (Rapæ)

Green-veined White (Napi)

Bath White (Daplidice)

Wood White (Sinapis)

Pale Clouded Yellow (Hyale)

Clouded Yellow (Edusa)

Brimstone (Rhamni)

Queen of Spain (Latona)

Dark Green Fritillary (Aglaia)

High Brown Fritillary (Adippe)

Silver-washed Fritillary (Paphia)

Genus Vanessa

White Admiral (Sibylla)

Purple Emperor (Iris)

Marbled White (Galatea)

Northern Brown (Æthiops)

Speckled Wood (Egeria)

Wall (Megæra)

Grayling (Semele)

Meadow Brown (Ianira)

Large Heath (Tithonus)

Small Heath (Pamphilus)

Brown Hairstreak (Betulæ)

Purple Hairstreak (Quercus)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

Tailed Blue (Bætica)

Silver-studded Blue (Ægon)

Brown Argus (Astrarche)

Common Blue (Icarus)

Clifden Blue (Bellargus)

Chalk-hill Blue (Corydon)

Holly Blue (Argiolus)

Mazarine Blue (Semiargus)

Dingy Skipper (Tages)

New Small Skipper (Lineola)

Lulworth Skipper (Actæon)

Large Skipper (Sylvanus)

Silver-spotted Skipper (Comma)

Sphinges.

Death's-head Hawk (Atropos)

Convolvulus Hawk (Convolvuli)

Bedstraw Hawk (Galii)

Striped Hawk (Livornica)

Humming Bird Hawk (Stellatarum)

Red-tipped Clearwing (Formiciformis)

Six-belted Clearwing (Ichneumoniformis)

Bombyces.

Round-winged Muslin (Senex)

Muslin (Mundana)

Footmen (Muscerda, Lutarella, Griseola)

Wood Swift (Sylvanus)

Brown Tail (Chrysorrhœa)

Yellow Tail (Similis)

Satin (Salicis)

Gipsy (Dispar)

Black Arches (Monacha)

Vapourer (Antiqua)

Lackey (Neustria)

Ground Lackey (Castrensis)

Oak Eggar (Quercus)

Grass Eggar (Trifolii)

Drinker (Potatoria)

Hook Tips (Lacertinaria, Falcataria, Binaria, Cultraria)

Chinese Character (Glaucata)

Sallow Kitten (Furcula)

Poplar Kitten (Bifida)

Prominents (Camelina, Trilophus, Ziczac)

Lesser Lutestring (Diluta)

Noctuæ.

Marbled Green (Muralis)

Marbled Beauty (Perla)

Grey Dagger (Psi)

Scarce Dagger (Auricoma)

Wainscots (Musculosa, Albipuncta, Impura, Pallens, Fulva, Cannæ, Arundinis, Geminipuncta, Neurica, Lutosa)

Frosted Orange (Ochracea)

Genus Hydrœcia

Slender Clouded Brindle (Scolopacina)

Feathered Brindle (Australis)

Feathered Gothic (Popularis)

Antler (Graminis)

Straw Underwing (Matura)

Genus Luperina

Confused (Furva)

Small Clouded Brindle (Unanimis)

Crescent (Leucostigma)

Common Rustic (Didyma)

Anomalous (Anomala)

Mottled Rustic (Morpheus)

Pale Mottled Willow (Quadripunctata)

Archer's Dart (Vestigialis)

Shuttle-shaped Dart (Puta)

Pearly Underwing (Saucia)

Crescent Dart (Lunigera)

Heart and Dart (Exclamationis)

Coast Dart (Cursoria)

Garden Dart (Nigricans)

White-line Dart (Tritici)

Streaked Dart (Aquilina)

Square-spot Dart (Obelisca)

Heath Rustic (Agathina)

Portland (Præcox)

Stout Dart (Obscura)

Dotted Rustic (Simulans)

Plain Clay (Depuncta)

Setaceous Hebrew Character (C-Nigrum)

Barred Chestnut (Dahlii)

Small Square-spot (Rubi)

Six-striped Rustic (Umbrosa)

Grey Rustic (Castanea)

Square-spot Rustic (Xanthographa)

Genus Triphæna

Mouse (Tragopogonis)

Old Lady (Maura)

Mountain Rustic (Hyperborea)

Suspected (Suspecta)

Olive (Subtusa)

Double Kidney (Retusa)

Angle-striped Sallow (Paleacea)

Genus Calymnia

Dusky Sallow (Ochroleuca)

Grey Chi (Chi)

Large Ranunculus (Flavicincta)

Feathered Ranunculus (Lichenea)

Crescent (Bimaculosa)

Great Brocade (Occulta)

Beautiful Brocade (Porphyrea)

Golden-rod Brindled (Solidaginis)

Herald (Libatrix)

Scarce Burnished Brass (Chryson)

Burnished Brass (Chrysitis)

Gold Spot (Festucæ)

Scarce Bordered Straw (Armigera)

Four-spotted (Luctuosa)

Clifden Nonpareil (Fraxini)

Red Underwing (Nupta)

Dark Crimson Underwing (Sponsa)

Geometræ.

Dark-bordered Beauty (Parallelaria)

Bordered Beauty (Apiciaria)

Purple Thorn (Tetralunaria)

Scalloped Oak (Elinguaria)

Canary-shouldered Thorn (Alniaria)

Dusky Thorn (Fuscantaria)

September Thorn (Erosaria)

August Thorn (Quercinaria)

Dotted Carpet (Glabraria)

Annulet (Obscuraria)

Scotch Annulet (Obfuscaria)

Family Ephyridæ

Small Dusty Wave (Virgularia)

Mullein Wave (Marginepunctata)

Small Blood Vein (Imitaria)

Common White Wave (Pusaria)

Vestal (Sacraria)

Yellow Belle (Ochrearia)

Straw Belle (Gilvaria)

Currant (Grossulariata)

Autumnaria

Haworth's Carpet (Unifasciata)

Bordered Lime Speck (Succenturiata)

Pugs (Virgaureata, Campanulata, Indigata, Constrictata, Expallidata, Sobrinata, Variata)

July High Flier (Sordidata)

Carpets (Bicolorata, Montanata, Fluctuata, Berberata)

Yellow Shell (Bilineata)

Gem (Fluviata)

Oblique Carpet (Vittata)

Many-lined (Polygrammata)

Tissue (Dubitata)

Common Marbled Carpet (Truncata)

Phœnix (Prunata)

Chevron (Testata)

Northern Spinach (Populata)

Barred Yellow (Fulvata)

Barred Straw (Dotata)

Small Mallow (Limitata)

Chalk Carpet (Bipunctaria)

Treble Bar (Plagiata)

Broom Tip (Rufata)

SEPTEMBER

The number of species on the wing is now considerably lower, yet there is a good deal to be done both with butterflies and moths.

Many of the former are worn and ragged, but good fresh specimens of some species may be taken. Clover and lucerne fields and the flowery borders of corn fields remain very attractive.

Tree trunks and palings should be searched as before. Sugar still attracts numbers of the Noctuæ; and ivy blossom should be examined at night whenever an opportunity offers itself.

September is a good month for larva hunting. Most of the species that pupate in the autumn are now full fed, and will undergo the change to the chrysalis state shortly after they have been housed, thus giving but little trouble to the entomologist. The day feeders may be beaten or swept from their food plants, but, of course, the nocturnal species are best discovered by searching at night.

Some have already 'gone down' for the winter, and, consequently, pupa hunting may be started. However, as there is yet much to be done with imagines and larvæ, it may, perhaps, be better to leave the pupæ alone till about the end of the month, especially as many of the larvæ have not yet had time to complete their transformation.

The list of imagines for September includes:

Butterflies.

Clouded Yellow (Edusa)

Brimstone (Rhamni)

Queen of Spain (Latona)

Comma (C-Album)

Large Tortoiseshell (Polychloros)

Small Tortoiseshell (Urticæ)

Peacock (Io)

Camberwell Beauty (Antiopa)

Red Admiral (Atalanta)

Painted Lady (Cardui)

Speckled Wood (Egeria)

Wall (Megæra)

Grayling (Semele)

Large Heath (Tithonus)

Small Heath (Pamphilus)

Small Copper (Phlœas)

Common Blue (Icarus)

Clifden Blue (Bellargus)

Chalk-hill Blue (Corydon)

Holly Blue (Argiolus)