40 уроков английского языка для подростков. Все ключевые темы средней и старшей школы в одной книге

Grammar Focus: Present Simple & Talking about Yourself

Present Simple используется, чтобы говорить о регулярных действиях, привычках, фактах и постоянных состояниях. Он часто используется, когда рассказываем о себе, своей семье, работе или увлечениях.

Правила:

Для he/she/it добавляем -s/-es: She plays tennis.

Для I/you/we/they форма глагола без окончания: I like reading.

Примеры:

I live in Moscow. – Я живу в Москве.

She has two brothers. – У неё два брата.

My favorite hobby is painting. – Моё любимое хобби – рисование.

Совет по запоминанию:

Повторяйте фразы о себе вслух каждый день, чтобы закрепить формы Present Simple.

Story

My name is Anna, and I live in a small town near the river. I am 17 years old. I have a brother and a sister. My brother is 20, and he studies at university. My sister is 14, and she loves playing the piano.

Every morning I wake up at 7 o’clock. I eat breakfast and go to school. I like learning English because it is interesting. After school, I do my homework and sometimes watch TV. In the evening, I usually read books or listen to music.

I have many hobbies. I love painting and drawing. On weekends, I often go to the park with my friends. We play football, ride bikes, or just talk. My family likes spending time together. We often cook dinner together, and sometimes we watch movies.

I think family and friends are very important. I like helping my parents and talking with my brother and sister about our day. I also enjoy learning new things and meeting new people. Life is busy, but I try to do the things I like every day.

Useful Words and Expressions

live – жить

small town – маленький город

brother – брат

sister – сестра

wake up – просыпаться

breakfast – завтрак

school – школа

homework – домашняя работа

hobby – хобби

painting – рисование

park – парк

friends – друзья

play football – играть в футбол

ride a bike – кататься на велосипеде

cook – готовить

spend time – проводить время

enjoy – получать удовольствие

important – важный

learn – учить, изучать

every day – каждый день

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

I ______ (live) in a small town.

My brother ______ (study) at university.

She ______ (love) playing the piano.

We often ______ (cook) dinner together.

I ______ (wake) up at 7 o’clock every morning.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Choose the correct option:

My favorite hobby ______ painting.

a) is

b) are

c) am

I ______ breakfast every morning.

a) eat

b) eats

c) eating

She has two brothers. – What is the correct question?

a) Do she has two brothers?

b) Has she two brothers?

c) Does she have two brothers?

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

Answer in 3—4 sentences each.

Who is Anna? Describe her family.

What does Anna do every morning?

What are Anna’s hobbies?

How does Anna spend time with her friends?

Why are family and friends important to Anna?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

live

studies

loves

cook

wake

Exercise 2:

a) is

a) eat

c) Does she have two brothers?

Exercise 3:

Anna is a 17-year-old girl who lives in a small town. She has a brother and a sister. Her brother is 20, and her sister is 14.

Every morning, Anna wakes up at 7 o’clock, eats breakfast, and goes to school. After school, she does her homework.

Anna loves painting and drawing. She enjoys reading books and listening to music in the evening.

On weekends, Anna goes to the park with her friends. They play football, ride bikes, or just talk together.

Family and friends are important to Anna because she likes helping her parents and talking with her brother and sister. They make her life happy and interesting.

Grammar Focus: Present Simple & Adverbs of Frequency

Present Simple используется для описания регулярных действий и привычек. Часто его сопровождают наречия частоты: always, usually, often, sometimes, never.

Правила:

Для he/she/it добавляем -s/-es: He goes to school.

I/you/we/they – глагол без окончания: We usually wake up at 7.

Наречия частоты ставятся перед основным глаголом (кроме to be):

I always drink coffee in the morning.

She is usually tired after school.

Примеры:

I usually get up at 7 o’clock. – Я обычно встаю в 7.

He sometimes plays football in the evening. – Он иногда играет в футбол вечером.

We never eat fast food. – Мы никогда не едим фастфуд.

Совет по запоминанию:

Создайте свой ежедневный распорядок на английском и проговаривайте вслух, используя наречия частоты.

Story

Tom is a student, and he has a busy daily routine. He usually wakes up at 6:30 in the morning. After getting up, he brushes his teeth and takes a shower. Then he has breakfast with his family. Tom usually eats cereal and drinks tea.

He goes to school at 7:30. Classes start at 8 o’clock. Tom studies different subjects: English, math, history, and science. He likes English the most. After school, he sometimes goes to the library to do homework or read books.

In the evening, Tom usually spends time with his family. They often watch TV or play board games together. Sometimes he goes out with friends to the park. He always tries to help his parents with household chores, like washing dishes or cleaning his room.

Before going to bed, Tom likes to read for about 30 minutes. He usually goes to bed at 10 o’clock. Even though his routine is busy, he enjoys his day and likes having a clear plan for each activity.

Useful Words and Expressions

wake up – просыпаться

get up – вставать

brush teeth – чистить зубы

take a shower – принимать душ

breakfast – завтрак

go to school – идти в школу

class – урок, занятие

subject – предмет

library – библиотека

do homework – делать домашнюю работу

read books – читать книги

spend time – проводить время

watch TV – смотреть телевизор

play board games – играть в настольные игры

go out – выходить куда-то

help – помогать

household chores – домашние дела

before – перед

enjoy – наслаждаться

usually / sometimes / always / never – обычно / иногда / всегда / никогда

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

Tom ______ (wake up) at 6:30 every morning.

He ______ (eat) cereal for breakfast.

After school, he sometimes ______ (go) to the library.

He always ______ (help) his parents at home.

Tom usually ______ (go) to bed at 10 o’clock.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Tom ______ English the most.

a) likes

b) like

c) is liking

He never ______ fast food.

a) eats

b) eat

c) is eating

Where does Tom go after school sometimes?

a) to the park

b) to the library

c) to bed

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

Answer in 3—4 sentences each.

What is Tom’s daily routine in the morning?

Which subjects does Tom study at school?

How does Tom spend his evening?

What household chores does Tom do?

Does Tom enjoy his daily routine? Why?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

wakes up

eats

goes

helps

goes

Exercise 2:

a) likes

a) eats

b) to the library

Exercise 3:

Tom usually wakes up at 6:30, brushes his teeth, takes a shower, and has breakfast with his family.

He studies English, math, history, and science. He likes English the most.

In the evening, Tom spends time with his family, watching TV or playing board games. Sometimes he goes out with friends.

Tom helps his parents with household chores, like washing dishes or cleaning his room.

Yes, Tom enjoys his daily routine because he has a clear plan and likes doing different activities every day.

Grammar Focus: Adjectives + «to be» / Present Simple

Чтобы описывать людей, используем прилагательные и глагол to be. Также часто применяются наречия для выражения частоты или степени.

Правила:

To be + прилагательное для описания внешности или характера:

She is tall and friendly. – Она высокая и дружелюбная.

Прилагательные для внешности: tall, short, slim, strong, blonde, dark-haired

Прилагательные для характера: friendly, kind, honest, lazy, cheerful, serious

Для выражения эмоций используем feel + adjective:

He feels happy today. – Он сегодня счастлив.

Примеры:

My friend is very cheerful and energetic. – Мой друг очень жизнерадостный и энергичный.

She has long brown hair and blue eyes. – У неё длинные каштановые волосы и голубые глаза.

I feel tired after school. – Я чувствую усталость после школы.

Совет по запоминанию:

Составьте небольшие описания своих друзей или членов семьи на английском, используя прилагательные и «feel» для эмоций.

Story

My best friend’s name is Emma. She is 16 years old. Emma is tall and slim. She has long blonde hair and green eyes. She always dresses neatly and likes wearing bright colors.

Emma is very friendly and cheerful. She likes helping people and always smiles when she meets someone. She is also honest and hardworking. At school, she studies hard and often helps her classmates if they don’t understand the lesson.

Sometimes Emma feels tired because she is busy with school and hobbies. She plays tennis twice a week and takes piano lessons on Saturdays. Even when she is tired, she tries to stay positive and keep a good mood.

Emma also has a good sense of humor. She can make her friends laugh easily. People enjoy being around her because she is kind and polite. I like spending time with Emma because she always listens to me and supports me when I feel sad or worried.

I hope one day I can be as friendly and cheerful as Emma. She is a great example of a person with a good heart and a positive attitude.

Useful Words and Expressions

tall – высокий

short – низкий

slim – стройный

strong – сильный

blonde / brown / black hair – светлые / каштановые / чёрные волосы

eyes – глаза

friendly – дружелюбный

cheerful – жизнерадостный

kind – добрый

honest – честный

hardworking – трудолюбивый

tired – усталый

positive – позитивный

sense of humor – чувство юмора

support – поддерживать

polite – вежливый

smile – улыбка, улыбаться

dress neatly – одеваться аккуратно

play tennis – играть в теннис

piano lessons – уроки игры на пианино

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

Emma ______ (be) tall and slim.

She ______ (have) long blonde hair.

Emma ______ (feel) tired sometimes.

She always ______ (help) her classmates.

Emma ______ (like) wearing bright colors.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Emma is very ______ and cheerful.

a) friendly

b) boring

c) lazy

She often plays ______ twice a week.

a) football

b) tennis

c) chess

How does Emma make her friends feel?

a) sad

b) happy

c) angry

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

Answer in 3—4 sentences each.

How does Emma look? Describe her appearance.

What is Emma’s personality like?

How does Emma spend her free time?

Why do people enjoy being around Emma?

What does the narrator like about Emma?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

is

has

feels

helps

likes

Exercise 2:

a) friendly

b) tennis

b) happy

Exercise 3:

Emma is tall and slim. She has long blonde hair and green eyes. She dresses neatly and likes wearing bright colors.

Emma is friendly, cheerful, honest, hardworking, and kind. She has a positive attitude and a good sense of humor.

Emma plays tennis twice a week and takes piano lessons on Saturdays. She also helps her classmates and studies hard.

People enjoy being around Emma because she is friendly, polite, and makes them laugh. She is kind and supportive.

The narrator likes spending time with Emma because she always listens and supports them when they feel sad or worried.

Grammar Focus: Present Simple / Like + Gerund

Объяснение на русском:

Для описания привычек и увлечений часто используем Present Simple и конструкции like / enjoy / love + -ing (герундий).

Правила:

like / enjoy / love + verb-ing используется, когда говорим о том, что нравится делать:

I like reading books. – Мне нравится читать книги.

Наречия частоты показывают, как часто мы занимаемся хобби: always, often, sometimes, rarely, never.

Вопросительная форма Present Simple: Do you like painting? – Тебе нравится рисовать?

Примеры:

I enjoy playing football with my friends. – Мне нравится играть в футбол с друзьями.

She loves listening to music in the evening. – Она любит слушать музыку вечером.

He sometimes watches movies on weekends. – Он иногда смотрит фильмы по выходным.

Совет по запоминанию:

Составьте список своих увлечений на английском и проговаривайте каждый день: I like… I enjoy… I love…

Story

James is 15 years old, and he has many hobbies. He likes reading books, especially adventure stories. Every weekend, he spends a few hours reading in his room. Sometimes he reads before going to bed.

James also enjoys playing football with his friends. They often meet at the park after school. He practices passing, shooting, and running. Playing football makes him happy and keeps him healthy.

In addition, James likes listening to music. He usually listens to pop and rock songs. Music helps him relax after a busy day at school. Sometimes he also plays the guitar. He is not a professional, but he enjoys practicing a few songs every week.

On Sundays, James often goes for a walk with his family. They talk, look at nature, and take photos. James believes that hobbies and free time are very important. They help him relax, have fun, and learn new things. He tries to spend at least one hour every day doing something he enjoys.

Useful Words and Expressions

hobby – хобби

free time – свободное время

read books – читать книги

adventure stories – приключенческие истории

weekend – выходные

football – футбол

practice – тренироваться

pass – пасовать

shoot – бить по мячу

run – бегать

play music – играть на музыкальном инструменте

listen to music – слушать музыку

relax – отдыхать, расслабляться

healthy – здоровый

nature – природа

walk – гулять

family – семья

look at – смотреть на

take photos – фотографировать

enjoy – наслаждаться

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

James ______ (like) reading adventure stories.

He often ______ (play) football with his friends.

James ______ (listen) to music in the evening.

Sometimes he ______ (play) the guitar.

On Sundays, he ______ (go) for a walk with his family.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

James enjoys ______.

a) cooking

b) playing football

c) swimming

Music helps James ______.

a) relax

b) study

c) run

How often does James read?

a) every weekend

b) never

c) once a year

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

Answer in 3—4 sentences each.

What hobbies does James have?

How does James spend his weekends?

Why does James like playing football?

What does James do with his family on Sundays?

Why are hobbies and free time important for James?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

likes

plays

listens

plays

goes

Exercise 2:

b) playing football

a) relax

a) every weekend

Exercise 3:

James likes reading books, playing football, listening to music, and sometimes playing the guitar.

He spends his weekends reading, playing football with friends, and walking with his family.

He likes playing football because it makes him happy and keeps him healthy.

On Sundays, James goes for a walk with his family, talks with them, looks at nature, and takes photos.

Hobbies and free time are important for James because they help him relax, have fun, and learn new things.

Grammar Focus: There is / There are + Prepositions of Place

Чтобы описывать города и местоположение объектов, часто используют конструкции There is / There are вместе с предлогами места: in, near, next to, between, behind, in front of.

Правила:

There is – используется для единственного числа: There is a park in my city.

There are – для множественного числа: There are many shops near my school.

Предлоги места помогают уточнить расположение:

The supermarket is next to the bank.

The school is between the library and the park.

Примеры:

There is a museum in my city center. – В центре моего города есть музей.

There are three parks near my house. – Рядом с моим домом три парка.

The cinema is behind the restaurant. – Кинотеатр за рестораном.

Совет по запоминанию:

Попробуйте нарисовать простую карту своего города и описать её на английском, используя There is / There are и предлоги места.

Story

My city is called Rivertown. It is not very big, but it is very beautiful. There is a river in the center of the city, and many people like to walk along it. There are also several parks where families can relax and children can play.

In the city center, there is a library, a museum, and a cinema. The library is next to the museum, and the cinema is behind the museum. There are many shops and cafes near the main square. People often meet there on weekends.

My school is not far from my house. It is between a supermarket and a park. I usually walk to school in the morning. There is a bus stop near my school, so sometimes I take the bus if I am late.

Rivertown is a quiet and safe city. There are a few factories, but they are not near the residential areas. Many people like living here because everything is close, and the city has a friendly atmosphere. I like my city very much and I often show it to my friends when they visit.

Useful Words and Expressions

city – город

town – небольшой город

river – река

park – парк

library – библиотека

museum – музей

cinema – кинотеатр

shop – магазин

cafe – кафе

main square – главная площадь

house – дом

school – школа

bus stop – автобусная остановка

behind – за

next to – рядом с

between – между

in the center – в центре

near – рядом

quiet – тихий

safe – безопасный

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

There ______ (be) a river in the center of Rivertown.

There ______ (be) several parks where children can play.

The cinema is ______ (behind / next to) the museum.

My school is ______ (between / next to) a supermarket and a park.

There ______ (be) a bus stop near my school.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Rivertown is ______.

a) very big

b) small but beautiful

c) dangerous

Where do people often meet on weekends?

a) in the library

b) in the main square

c) in the park

How do students usually get to school?

a) by bike

b) by bus or walking

c) by train

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

Answer in 3—4 sentences each.

Describe the main features of Rivertown.

What buildings are in the city center?

Where is the school located?

Why do people like living in Rivertown?

How does the narrator feel about their city?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

is

are

behind

between

is

Exercise 2:

b) small but beautiful

b) in the main square

b) by bus or walking

Exercise 3:

Rivertown has a river in the center, several parks, and it is quiet and safe. The city is not very big but very beautiful.