Полный курс английского: A2. Грамматика, лексика и упражнения для ежедневного использования

Grammar Focus: Present Simple (Настоящее простое время)

Present Simple используется для описания регулярных действий, привычек, распорядка дня и общеизвестных фактов.

Правила:

Подлежащее + глагол (для he/she/it добавляется -s/-es)

В отрицаниях и вопросах используем do/does

Примеры:

I wake up at 7 a.m. – Я просыпаюсь в 7 утра.

She brushes her teeth every morning. – Она чистит зубы каждое утро.

We go to school by bus. – Мы ездим в школу на автобусе.

Does he eat breakfast at home? – Он завтракает дома?

They do not (don’t) watch TV in the morning. – Они не смотрят телевизор утром.

Советы:

Представляйте свой день и описывайте его вслух на английском, чтобы закреплять Present Simple.

Используйте карточки для глаголов 3-го лица: plays, watches, goes.

Story

My name is Anna. I live in a small town. Every day I wake up at 7 a.m. I brush my teeth and wash my face. Then I eat breakfast. I usually eat bread and eggs. I drink tea or juice. After breakfast, I go to school by bus. I like my school. My friends are friendly, and my teachers are kind.

I study English, math, and history. My favorite subject is English. I listen carefully and write notes. At lunch, I eat sandwiches and fruit. After school, I go home and do my homework. Sometimes I play football with my brother. In the evening, I watch TV or read a book. I go to bed at 10 p.m. I always feel happy when I have a good day.

Useful Words and Expressions

wake up – просыпаться

brush teeth – чистить зубы

wash face – умываться

eat breakfast – завтракать

drink tea/juice – пить чай/сок

go to school – идти/ехать в школу

friend – друг

teacher – учитель

study – изучать

subject – предмет

listen carefully – слушать внимательно

write notes – делать заметки

lunch – обед

do homework – делать домашнее задание

play football – играть в футбол

watch TV – смотреть телевизор

read a book – читать книгу

go to bed – ложиться спать

feel happy – чувствовать себя счастливым

Exercises / Tests

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

I ______ (wake) up at 7 a.m.

She ______ (drink) tea every morning.

We ______ (go) to school by bus.

He ______ (play) football after school.

They ______ (study) English and history.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

a) He go to school.

b) He goes to school.

c) He going to school.

How do you make a negative sentence in Present Simple?

a) Subject + verb

b) Subject + do/does + not + verb

c) Subject + will + verb

Choose the correct question:

a) Does she watch TV in the evening?

b) She watches TV in the evening?

c) Watches she TV in the evening?

Exercise 3: Comprehension Questions

What time does Anna wake up?

How does she go to school?

What is her favorite subject?

What does she do after school?

When does she go to bed?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

wake

drinks

go

plays

study

Exercise 2:

b) He goes to school.

b) Subject + do/does + not + verb

a) Does she watch TV in the evening?

Exercise 3:

Anna wakes up at 7 a.m.

She goes to school by bus.

Her favorite subject is English.

After school, she does her homework and sometimes plays football with her brother.

She goes to bed at 10 p.m.

Mini Tips

Рассказывайте о своём дне вслух: I wake up, I eat breakfast, I go to school…

Повторяйте новые слова каждый день, делая мини-карточки.

Grammar Focus: There is / There are (Есть, находиться)

Конструкция There is / There are используется, чтобы говорить о том, что что-то существует или находится где-то.

Правила:

There is – используется с единственным числом: There is a chair in the room.

There are – используется с множественным числом: There are two chairs in the room.

В отрицании добавляем not: There is not a table in the kitchen.

В вопросах переставляем is/are: Is there a sofa in the living room?

Примеры:

There is a bed in my bedroom. – В моей комнате есть кровать.

There are three windows in the living room. – В гостиной три окна.

Is there a fridge in the kitchen? – В кухне есть холодильник?

There are not any books on the table. – На столе нет книг.

Советы:

Сначала визуализируйте комнату и предметы в ней, чтобы легко использовать конструкции.

Обратите внимание на единственное и множественное число.

Story

I live in a small house with my family. There is a living room, a kitchen, a bathroom, and two bedrooms. In the living room, there is a sofa, a table, and a television. My parents like to sit on the sofa and watch TV in the evening.

In the kitchen, there is a fridge, a stove, and a sink. I help my mother sometimes. There are also some chairs and a small table. We eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner in the kitchen.

My bedroom is small but nice. There is a bed, a desk, and a wardrobe. I keep my books and school supplies on the desk. There are also some pictures on the wall.

The bathroom is clean. There is a shower, a sink, and a mirror. Sometimes my brother and I take a bath together. I like my house. It is comfortable, and I always feel happy at home.

Useful Words and Expressions

house – дом

living room – гостиная

kitchen – кухня

bathroom – ванная

bedroom – спальня

sofa – диван

table – стол

chair – стул

television / TV – телевизор

fridge – холодильник

stove – плита

sink – раковина

bed – кровать

desk – письменный стол

wardrobe – шкаф

wall – стена

picture – картина / фотография

clean – чистый

comfortable – удобный

supplies – принадлежности (школьные или бытовые)

Exercises / Tests

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

There ______ (be) a sofa in the living room.

There ______ (be) three chairs in the kitchen.

There ______ (be) a desk in my bedroom.

There ______ (be) a shower in the bathroom.

There ______ (be) some pictures on the wall.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

a) There is two chairs in the kitchen.

b) There are two chairs in the kitchen.

c) There be two chairs in the kitchen.

How do you make a negative sentence with «There is»?

a) There is no

b) There not is

c) Is there not

Choose the correct question:

a) Are there a sofa in the living room?

b) Is there a sofa in the living room?

c) There is a sofa in the living room?

Exercise 3: Comprehension Questions

How many bedrooms are in Anna’s house?

What furniture is in the living room?

Where does Anna keep her books and school supplies?

What is in the kitchen?

How does Anna feel at home?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

is

are

is

is

are

Exercise 2:

b) There are two chairs in the kitchen.

a) There is no

b) Is there a sofa in the living room?

Exercise 3:

There are two bedrooms in Anna’s house.

In the living room, there is a sofa, a table, and a television.

She keeps her books and school supplies on the desk.

In the kitchen, there is a fridge, a stove, a sink, and some chairs.

Anna feels happy and comfortable at home.

Mini Tips

Практикуйте конструкции There is / There are описывая свои комнаты дома.

Используйте новые слова, показывая предметы руками, чтобы легче запоминать.

Grammar Focus: Possessive ’s / Possessive Adjectives (Моё, твое, его, её и т.д.)

Чтобы показать, что что-то принадлежит кому-то, используют:

Possessive ’s – добавляем ’s к имени или существительному:

My mother’s name is Anna. – Имя моей мамы – Анна.

This is my brother’s book. – Это книга моего брата.

Possessive adjectives – притяжательные местоимения:

my – мой/моя/мои

your – твой/твоя/твои

his – его

her – её

our – наш/наша/наши

their – их

Примеры:

I like my family. – Мне нравится моя семья.

His father works in a bank. – Его отец работает в банке.

Her sister studies at school. – Её сестра учится в школе.

Советы:

Используйте притяжательные местоимения перед существительным.

Для имён добавляйте ’s, чтобы показать принадлежность.

Story

I have a small family. My mother’s name is Anna, and my father’s name is John. They are very kind and friendly. I also have a brother. His name is Tom. He is ten years old. We like to spend time together.

My mother works in a school. She is a teacher. My father works in a shop. He sells clothes. My brother goes to school. He likes playing football with his friends.

We often go to the park on weekends. My parents like to walk and talk. Sometimes we have a picnic. I help my mother in the kitchen. My brother helps my father in the garden.

I love my family very much. We always eat dinner together. We tell each other stories and laugh. In the evening, we watch TV or play games. My family is very important to me. I feel happy when we are all together.

Useful Words and Expressions

family – семья

mother – мама

father – папа

brother – брат

sister – сестра

parents – родители

grandparents – бабушка и дедушка

cousin – двоюродный брат/сестра

uncle – дядя

aunt – тётя

name – имя

kind – добрый

friendly – дружелюбный

together – вместе

to spend time – проводить время

to work – работать

shop – магазин

picnic – пикник

garden – сад

important – важный

Exercises / Tests

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

My mother’s name ______ Anna.

His brother ______ Tom.

I like ______ family.

My father works in ______ shop.

We often go to the park on ______.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

a) Her father works in a school.

b) His father works in a shop.

c) My father works in school.

Choose the correct possessive adjective:

a) I like her family.

b) I like she family.

c) I like his family.

Which sentence shows possession with ’s?

a) My brother’s name is Tom.

b) My brother name is Tom.

c) My brother Tom’s name.

Exercise 3: Comprehension Questions

What are the names of Anna’s parents?

How old is her brother?

Where does her mother work?

What do they do on weekends?

How does Anna feel about her family?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

is

is

my

a

weekends

Exercise 2:

b) His father works in a shop.

a) I like her family.

a) My brother’s name is Tom.

Exercise 3:

Her mother’s name is Anna, and her father’s name is John.

Her brother is ten years old.

Her mother works in a school as a teacher.

They often go to the park, walk, talk, and sometimes have a picnic.

Anna feels happy and loves her family very much.

Mini Tips

Практикуйте possessive ’s и притяжательные местоимения, рассказывая о своей семье.

Можно рисовать родословное дерево и подписывать членов семьи английскими словами.

Grammar Focus: Adjectives to Describe People (Прилагательные для описания людей)

Чтобы описывать людей, используют прилагательные. Они помогают рассказать о внешности, характере или привычках.

Примеры:

She is friendly. – Она дружелюбная.

He is tall and thin. – Он высокий и худой.

My friends are funny and kind. – Мои друзья весёлые и добрые.

Список часто используемых прилагательных:

friendly – дружелюбный

kind – добрый

funny – весёлый

tall – высокий

short – низкий

thin – худой

fat – полный

clever – умный

quiet – тихий

active – активный

Советы:

Сначала описывайте друзей простыми прилагательными.

Используйте структуру: He/She is + adjective или They are + adjectives.

Story

I have many friends at school. My best friend’s name is Emily. She is very friendly and funny. She always helps me with my homework. My other friend, Jack, is tall and clever. He likes reading books and playing football.

We often play together after school. Sometimes we go to the park or ride our bikes. On weekends, we like to visit each other. My friends and I sometimes watch movies or play computer games. We laugh a lot and have fun.

There are also some quiet friends in our class. They like reading and drawing. I enjoy spending time with all my friends. They are kind and helpful. I feel happy when I am with them.

I like to talk to my friends about school, hobbies, and plans. We tell each other stories and share our ideas. Friends are very important in life. They make us smile and feel good every day.

Useful Words and Expressions

friend – друг

best friend – лучший друг

classmate – одноклассник

friendly – дружелюбный

funny – весёлый

kind – добрый

clever – умный

tall – высокий

short – низкий

thin – худой

fat – полный

quiet – тихий

active – активный

help – помогать

play – играть

laugh – смеяться

have fun – веселиться

visit – навещать

share ideas – делиться идеями

feel happy – чувствовать себя счастливым

Exercises / Tests

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

My best friend’s name ______ Emily.

Jack ______ tall and clever.

They ______ funny and friendly.

I like to ______ with my friends after school.

Friends make me ______ every day.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

a) She is friendly and funny.

b) She friendly and funny.

c) She are friendly and funny.

Choose the correct adjective:

a) My friend is quiet.

b) My friend are quiet.

c) My friend quiet.

Which sentence talks about more than one person?

a) He is kind.

b) They are kind and helpful.

c) She is funny.

Exercise 3: Comprehension Questions

What is the name of Anna’s best friend?

What does Jack like to do?

Where do Anna and her friends go after school?

What do quiet friends like?

Why are friends important to Anna?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

is

is

are

play

feel happy

Exercise 2:

a) She is friendly and funny.

a) My friend is quiet.

b) They are kind and helpful.

Exercise 3:

Her best friend’s name is Emily.

Jack likes reading books and playing football.

They often go to the park or ride their bikes.

Quiet friends like reading and drawing.

Friends are important because they make her smile and feel happy.

Mini Tips

Используйте прилагательные, чтобы описывать друзей вслух или письменно: My friend is funny and kind.

Попробуйте составить список всех своих друзей с прилагательными для каждого.

Grammar Focus: Prepositions of Place (Предлоги места)

Предлоги места показывают, где находится объект.

Основные предлоги:

in – в

on – на

under – под

next to / beside – рядом с

between – между

behind – за

in front of – перед

Примеры:

My bed is in my room. – Моя кровать в комнате.

The books are on the desk. – Книги на столе.

The chair is next to the table. – Стул рядом со столом.

The lamp is behind the sofa. – Лампа за диваном.

Советы:

Представьте свою комнату и попробуйте описать, где что стоит.

Используйте рисунки или мини-карточки для закрепления.

Story

I like my room very much. It is small but comfortable. There is a bed in the corner and a desk next to the window. On the desk, there are some books, a lamp, and a notebook. My chair is in front of the desk.

There is a wardrobe behind the door. I keep my clothes and shoes there. On the wall, there are some pictures of my friends and family. I also have a small shelf on the wall. On the shelf, there are some toys and souvenirs.

Sometimes I play in my room. I read books, draw pictures, or play computer games. I feel happy in my room because it is my personal space. I always keep it clean and tidy. My room is very important to me. It is a place where I can relax, study, and have fun.

Useful Words and Expressions

room – комната

bed – кровать

desk – письменный стол

chair – стул

wardrobe – шкаф

door – дверь

window – окно

lamp – лампа

book – книга

notebook – тетрадь

wall – стена

picture – картина / фотография

shelf – полка

toy – игрушка

souvenir – сувенир

in front of – перед

behind – за

next to – рядом с

on – на

under – под

Exercises / Tests

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

The bed is ______ the corner.

The books are ______ the desk.

My chair is ______ the desk.

The wardrobe is ______ the door.

The toys are ______ the shelf.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

Which sentence is correct?

a) The lamp is on the desk.

b) The lamp is in the desk.

c) The lamp is under the desk.

Choose the correct preposition:

a) The chair is in front of the desk.

b) The chair is under the desk.

c) The chair is behind the desk.

Which sentence shows possession correctly?

a) My room is small and comfortable.

b) My room small and comfortable.

c) Room is my small and comfortable.

Exercise 3: Comprehension Questions

Where is the desk in Anna’s room?

What is on the desk?

Where is the wardrobe?

What does Anna do in her room?

Why is Anna happy in her room?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

in

on

in front of

behind

on

Exercise 2:

a) The lamp is on the desk.

a) The chair is in front of the desk.

a) My room is small and comfortable.

Exercise 3:

The desk is next to the window.

On the desk, there are some books, a lamp, and a notebook.

The wardrobe is behind the door.

Anna reads books, draws pictures, and plays computer games in her room.

She is happy because her room is her personal space where she can relax, study, and have fun.

Mini Tips

Попробуйте описать свою комнату вслух, используя предлоги места: My bed is in the corner, my desk is next to the window…

Можно сделать маленькую карту комнаты и подписать предметы на английском.

Grammar Focus: Demonstratives (This, That, These, Those) – Указательные местоимения

Указательные местоимения помогают показать, о каком предмете идёт речь.

Правила:

This – это (для одного предмета рядом): This is my shirt.

That – то (для одного предмета далеко): That is her dress.

These – эти (для нескольких предметов рядом): These are my shoes.

Those – те (для нескольких предметов далеко): Those are their jackets.

Примеры:

This is a hat. – Это шапка.

That is a scarf. – То – шарф.

These are my socks. – Это мои носки.

Those are her shoes. – Те – её туфли.

Советы:

Сначала показывайте предмет рукой, говоря this / these.

Для объектов, которые далеко, используйте that / those.

Story

I like clothes very much. I have many different clothes in my wardrobe. This is my favourite T-shirt. It is red and very comfortable. That is my father’s jacket. It is blue and warm.

These are my shoes. They are new and very nice. Those are my sister’s boots. They are black and long. I like to wear comfortable clothes at home. At school, I wear a uniform. On weekends, I like to wear jeans and T-shirts.

Fashion is interesting for me. I like to choose clothes that are bright and colourful. Sometimes I go shopping with my mother. We look at dresses, shoes, and hats. I like to try new styles. My friends like my clothes. I feel happy when I wear clothes I like.