Англійська мова. Теорія і практика. Вживання часів

Рiзниця мiж The Present Continuous i The Present Simple

1. Present Continuous застосовується для опису ситуацій і дій, які мовець вважає тимчасовими. Present Simple описує ситуації, які мовець сприймає як постійні.

Linda is working at the ice cream shop during summer. – Влітку Лінда працює в магазині морозива. (коли літо закінчиться, Лінда більше не буде працювати в цьому місці)

Sam works as a manager at the ice cream shop. – Сем працює менеджером в магазині морозива. (це його постійна робота)

2. Якщо ми описуємо повторювані дії, які пов'язані з цим моментом, використовуємо Present Continuous. А якщо з цим моментом вони не пов'язані, вживаємо Present Simple.

I'm speaking with my mom a lot these days. – Останнім часом я часто говорю з мамою по телефону. (є зв'язок з поточним моментом)

I speak with my aunt who lives in New York twice a year. – Двічі на рік я розмовляю зі своєю тіткою, яка живе в Нью-Йорку. (немає зв'язку з теперішнім моментом)

3. Present Continuous описує дію, що відбувається зараз. Present Simple використовується для опису фактів, які залишаються вірними в будь-який момент часу.

Kathy is speaking with her father at the moment. – Зараз Кеті говорить зі своїм батьком. (вона говорить у даний момент часу, розмова буде закінчена)

Kathy speaks English. – Кеті говорить по-англійськи. (вона вміє говорити по-англійськи, це твердження залишається фактом в будь-який момент часу)

Вправа 1

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. I (to take) my sister to school now. I (to take) her to school every day. 2. He (to work) in the centre of Chicago. 3. Tom (to play) football on Saturday. 4. His father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired. 5. I (to sit) in the waiting room at the doctor’s now. 6. I (not to know) what to give my brother for his birthday. 7. I often (to go) to see my friends in the evening. 8. You (to keep) to any special diet? – Well, I (not to think) it (to be) good to eat a lot of meat. I usually (to have) meat only once a week. I (to eat) lots of fruit and vegetables. 9. He (to help) his father now. He (to help) his father very often. 10. He (to work) in the centre of Chicago? 11. He (not to play) football every day. 12. Pat (not to cook) dinner at the moment. She (to talk) on the phone. She (to cook) dinner every Monday. 13. I (not to work) in my office now. 14. They (to want) to publish this book in July?

Вправа 2

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. We sometimes (to go) to the cinema or to a disco club on Sunday. 2. He (to learn) English now because he (to want) to get a better job. 3. At the moment they (to go) to the river for a swim. They usually (to go) to the river for a swim. 4. He (not to work) in the centre of Chicago. 5. I (to wear) a suit now. 6. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 7. Eric (to talk) about his holiday plans, but Kenny (not to listen) to him. He (to think) about his new car at the moment. 8. She (to think) he (to drive) dangerously. 9. Andrew (to get) up very early as he (to live) far from school. He (to be) never late. 10. The teacher (to know) the girl often (not to argue) with pupils. 11. She (to play) the violin now. She (to play) the violin every day. 12. They (to read) a lot of books. 13. I (not to wear) jeans now. 14. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning.

Вправа 3

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. My friend (to live) in Toronto. 2. He (to understand) that he (to eat) noisily, but he always (to forget) about it. 3. It (to be) six o’clock in the evening now. Victor (to do) his homework. His sister (to read) a book. His mother and grandmother (to talk). 4. I (to think) she often (to worry). 5. I (to read) now. I (to read) every day. 6. They (to read) many books? 7. My friend (not to like) to play football. 8. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 9. My cousin (not to live) in Toronto. 10. Who that man (to be) who (to stand) in the doorway? – You (not to recognize) him? It (to be) John, my cousin. 11. I (to write) a letter to my grandmother who (to live) in Toronto. I (to write) to her very often. 12. Barbara’s boss (to see) she (to be) always late for work. 13. He (to sleep) now. He (to sleep) every night. 14. They (not to read) many books.

Вправа 4

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. I (not to read) now. 2. Your friend (to go) to school in the morning? 3. The children (not to sleep) now. 4. I (to have) no time now, I (to have) dinner. 5. It (to take) me forty minutes to get to school. 6. I (to call) my son in Chicago now. I (to want) to call him every month but it (to be) very expensive. 7. We (to drink) tea now. We (to drink) tea every morning. 8. The children (to eat) soup now. 9. He (to sleep) now? 10. Look! The baby (to sleep). 11. The children (to play) in the yard every day. 12. Your family (to leave) Toronto in summer? – Yes, we always (to go) to the seaside. We all (to like) the sea. Mother (to stay) with us till the end of August, but father (to return) much earlier. 13. Hello, Pete, where you (to go)? – I (to hurry) to school. 14. You (to hear) me now? How your job (to go)? – Great! I (to enjoy) it a lot. The only problem I (to have) here (to be) that the food (to be) so good. I (to eat) too much! I (to get) really fat.

Вправа 5

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. They (to go) to school now. They (to go) to school every morning. 2. The children (to eat) soup now? 3. We (not to go) to the country in winter. 4. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner. 5. They (not to go) to the stadium on Monday. 6. Where Tom and Nick (to be) now? – They (to have) a nice walk in the garden. 7. When your lessons (to begin) on Monday? – They (to begin) at nine o’clock. 8. Ruth (to learn) English now because she (to like) learning languages and she (to want) to impress everybody. 9. I (not to sleep) now. I (not to sleep) in the daytime. 10. The children (not to eat) soup now. 11. My sister (to eat) sweets every day. 12. My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension. 13. She (to read) in the evening. 14. What you (to do) here now? – We (to listen) to tape recordings.

Вправа 6

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. Where your sister (to be)? – She (to do) her homework in the next room. 2. Listen to that man! You (to understand) what language he (to speak)? 3. She (not to drink) coffee now. She (not to drink) coffee after lunch. 4. You (to play) volleyball well? 5. She (not to eat) sweets now. 6. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden. 7. She (not to read) in the morning. 8. You (to want) to see my father? – Yes, I …. 9. It usually (to take) me an hour to do my written exercises. 10. Your English (to get) better? – Yes, I (to think) so. 11. We (not to watch) TV now. We (not to watch) TV in the morning. 12. When you (to play) volleyball? 13. They (to do) their homework in the afternoon. 14. I usually (to get) up at seven o’clock in the morning.

Вправа 7

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. She (not to read) now. 2. Michael (to know) German rather well. He (to want) to know English, too, but he (to have) little time for it now. 3. Where Boris (to be)? I (to look) for him. – He (to have) dinner. 4. We (to know) he never (to take) risks. 5. They (not to eat) now. They (not to eat) at the lesson. 6. What Nick (to do) in the evening? 7. They (not to go) for a walk in the evening. 8. What your sister (to do) now? – She (to wash) her face and hands. 9. I (to write) an essay now. 10. What magazine you (to read)? – It (to be) a French magazine. There (to be) good articles on sports here. You (to be) interested in sports? – Yes, I …. But I (not to know) French. 11. I (to look) for a cassette recorder. You (to have) anything on sale? – Take a look at this little Sonic Walkman. – No, I (not to want) this kind. – Well, this Supersound might interest you. It (to be) a good size, it (to be) stereo and it (to have) a radio to listen to the news. 12. They (to think) he (to learn) fast, he (to know) English well and he (to speak) English fluently. 13. My mother (not to work) now. My mother (not to work) at an office. 14. He (to go) to the cinema in the evening?

Вправа 8

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. My father (not to work) on Sunday. 2. When you usually (to come) home from school? – I (to come) at three o’clock. 3. I (not to drink) milk now. 4. We (to have) an English lesson now. 5. I (not to know) about you, but I (to go) out to the cinema. 6. Don’t disturb him. He just (to work) at his English. 7. You (to work) now? You (to work) every day? 8. We (not to dance) every day. 9. He (to work) every day. 10. Where your cousin (to work)? – He (to work) at a hospital. 11. I (to go) for a walk after dinner. 12. He (to feel) in a position to lend her money. 13. I (not to like) to watch TV very often. But at the moment I (to enjoy) my favourite film Gone with the Wind. And I (to be) very happy. 14. He (to play) now? He (to play) in the afternoon?

Вправа 9

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. Look! Kate (to dance). 2. I (to read) books in the evening. 3. Your sister (to study) at college? – No, she (to go) to school. 4. I (not to go) to the theatre every Sunday. 5. I (to think) she (not to feel) safe there. 6. You (to have) any idea where Rick (to be)? I (not to see) him at work now. – He (to visit) his friends in Spain. 7. They (to eat) now? They (to eat) at school? 8. Kate (to sing) well? 9. I (not to read) books in the morning. 10. My cousin (to go) to school every day. 11. He (not to work) now. 12. You (to see) what I (to mean)? 13. Hurry up! We (not to have) much time left. – I (to come)! 14. Your sister (to rest) now? Your sister (to rest) after school?

Вправа 10

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. Where he (to go) in the morning? 2. I (to write) an exercise now. 3. My mother (not to play) the piano now. She (to play) the piano in the morning. 4. He (to play) now. 5. You (to hear) what she (to say)? 6. She (to try) to lose weight, I (to think). She always (to have) light lunches. 7. What you (to do) now? What you (to do) every morning? 8. He (not to sleep) after dinner. 9. I (not to write) a letter now. 10. When you (to listen) to the news on the radio? 11. He (to play) now? 12. He (not to feel) at liberty to tell you the truth. 13. She (to try) to do her best. 14. What you (to read) now? What you (to read) after dinner?

Вправа 11

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. My granny (to sleep) after dinner. 2. They (to play) in the yard now. 3. Who (to make) breakfast for you now? 4. My mother (to work) in a factory. 5. Ron has got a new job. He (to earn) a fortune as a managing director. They (to think) he (to be) a bag of money. 6. My little brother (not to play) the piano very well. That (to be) why he (to practise) the piano again. 7. What they (to eat) now? What they (to eat) for breakfast? 8. When you (to sleep)? 9. They (not to play) in the street now. 10. You (to read) a magazine and (to think) about your holiday at the moment? 11. My aunt (not to work) in a shop. 12. They (to come) tonight? – Yes, I (to believe) so. 13. My grandmother (to be) busy. She (to bake) an apricot pie. She (to bake) pies every Sunday. 14. What your brother (to drink) now? What your brother (to drink) in the evening?

Вправа 12

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. Nina (not to sleep) now. 2. They (to play) in the room now? 3. They (to be) good dancers but they (not to go) to discos very often. 4. You (to work) in an office? 5. I (to believe) in myself at the moment. 6. I (to be) sad. That (to be) why I (to cry). 7. Everybody (to have) a good time now? Everybody (to have) a good time every Saturday? 8. Where John (to live)? – He (to live) in England. 9. He (to help) his mother every day. 10. What she (to talk) about right now? 11. Your father (to work) in this factory? 12. He (to dislike) walking, he (to like) jogging. 13. She (to take) medicine now? How often she (to take) medicine? 14. My friends from Switzerland (to speak four languages. 15. Who (to listen) to music on his personal stereo over there right now?

Вправа 13

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. He (to help) his mother every day? 2. You (to play) chess now? 3. Where they (to go) now? Where they (to go) on Sunday? 4. Elvire (to speak) English, German and French? – Yes, she …. 5. He (not to help) his mother every day. 6. Look at the sky: the clouds (to move) slowly, the sun (to appear) from behind the clouds, it (to get) warmer. 7. They (to speak) English now? What language they usually (to speak)? 8. She only (not to speak) Italian. 9. You (to go) to school on Sunday? 10. How is your brother? – He is not well yet, but his health (to improve) day after day. 11. She (to work) in a shop now? 12. Listen! Who (to play) the piano in the next room? 13. He (to deliver) furniture now? 14. Henry usually (to wear) glasses and now he (to wear) sunglasses. 15. You (to go) to the opera with your friends? Who (to be) your favourite opera singer?

Вправа 14

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

One Sunday Agnes and her mother went to the zoo. The girl was very excited. She was interested in everything she saw. “Mother, look,” she said. “There (to be) a monkey in this cage. It (to eat) an apple. Now it (to give) a bite to another monkey. I (to think) monkeys (to like) apples very much.” “Yes, dear,” said her mother. “Now I (to want) to go and see the lions and tigers. Where they (to live), mother?” “In that big house over there. Come along.” Agnes enjoyed the lion’s house a lot. “Mother,” she said, “the tiger (to want) a drink: it (to go) to the dish of water there in the corner. And the lion (to look) right at me. You (to think) it (to want) to eat me up? When the lions and tigers (to have) their dinner, mother?” “The keepers (to bring) them large pieces of meat every day at four o’clock. And they (to make) a lot of noise before their dinner time, so everybody (to know) they (to be) hungry.”

Рiзниця мiж The Past Simple i The Past Continuous

1. Past Continuous використовується для опису процесу в певний момент в минулому, а Past Simple – для опису закінченої дії в минулому.

When I looked out of the window, I saw that a stranger was walking in our street. – Коли я виглянув з вікна, я побачив, що незнайомець прогулювався по нашій вулиці. (процес у певний момент у минулому)

Did you see a stranger who walked in our street? – Ти бачив незнайомця, який пройшов по нашій вулиці? (закінчена дія)

2. Past Continuous, на відміну від Past Simple, не використовується з дієсловами стану (stative verbs).

I was knowing knew him for several years. – Я знав його кілька років.

Зверніть увагу на наступні речення:

When mother came home, I was reading.

came – одноразова дія (прийшла) – Past Simple

was reading – дія в процесі (читав) – Past Continuous

When mother was reading, I came home.

was reading – дія в процесі (читала) – Past Continuous

came – одноразова дія (прийшов) – Past Simple

Father was reading at 7 o’clock yesterday. – дія в процесі – Past Continuous

Father came home at 7 o’clock yesterday. – одноразова дія – Past Simple

Вправа 15

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. I (to go) to the cinema yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 3. When I (to come) home, my little sister (to sleep). 4. The girl (to cook) dinner when the lights (to go) out. She (to burn) herself. 5. I (to go) to the theatre yesterday. 6. Father (to watch) TV at ten o’clock yesterday. 7. Last Sunday we (to go) skiing in the country. There (to be) already a lot of snow in the fields and we (to enjoy) ourselves. We (to ski) for two hours and a half. 8. The cat (to take) a piece of fish and then (to run) away. 9. I (to wash) the dishes after dinner. 10. I (to feed) my cat with fish yesterday. 11. I (to go) to the cinema at four o’clock yesterday. 12. I (to play) computer games at five o’clock yesterday. 13. When Nick (to come) home, his brother (to play) with his toys. 14. The boy (to hurt) himself while he (to skate).

Вправа 16

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. At seven o’clock yesterday I (to go) to the theatre. 2. I (to go) to bed at nine o’clock yesterday. 3. They (to meet) at the station two hours ago. 4. He (to read) a newspaper when I (to come) in. 5. I (to wash) the dishes from six till seven yesterday. 6. What you (to do) at four o’clock yesterday? – I (to feed) my cat. 7. I (to go) to the cinema when you met me. 8. He (to play) computer games from two till three yesterday. 9. When mother (to come) home, I (to do) my homework. 10. When the woman (to enter) the room, the children (to feed) the goldfish. 11. What you (to do) at 5 o’clock yesterday? – I (to play) the piano. 12. I (to finish) my homework at nine o’clock yesterday. 13. Where you (to spend) last Sunday? 14. Yesterday I (to get) up at eight o’clock.