National Geographic Kids Readers: Erupt!

Children are naturally curious about the world around them, and

curiosity is a powerful motivation for reading. Studies show that

informational reading is critical to success in school. National

Geographic Kids Readers allow you to feed your children’s interests

and create readers who not only can read, but also want to read!

To sustain children’s excitement about reading, we have created a

special program called NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS SUPER READERS.

As kids read each National Geographic Kids Reader, they cross

off its picture on a free National Geographic Kids Super Readers

poster that parents can download from kids.nationalgeographic.com/ superreaders.

Throughout the process, kids and parents go to the website and

download specially designated prizes that reward their effort. Kids

can have even more reading fun online, with lively book-related

activities, quizzes and games, fascinating excerpts, and sneak

previews of upcoming books.

The National Geographic Kids Super Readers program appeals to

kids’ love of accomplishment while providing them with incentives

to keep reading. When the reading experience is fun, children learn

more and achieve more. What could be better than that?

Sincerely,

Mariam Jean Dreher

Professor of Reading Education

University of Maryland, College Park

For Dad, a geologist and a rock in my life —J. M. G.

Copyright © 2017 National Geographic Partners, LLC

Published by National Geographic Partners, LLC,

Washington, D.C. 20036. All rights reserved. Repro-

duction in whole or in part without written permis-

sion of the publisher is prohibited.

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC and Yellow Border Design

are trademarks of the National Geographic Society,

used under license.

Designed by Amanda Larsen

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Galat, Joan Marie, 1963- author.

Title: Erupt! : 100 fun facts about volcanoes /

Joan Marie Galat.

Description: Washington, D.C. : National

Geographic Children's Books, 2017. | Series:

National Geographic kids fact readers |

Includes index. | Audience: Age 6 to 9. |

Audience: K to grade 3.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016051354 (print) | LCCN

2017016844 (ebook) | ISBN 9781426329128

(e-book) | ISBN 9781426329111 (hardcover) |

ISBN 9781426329104 (paperback)

Subjects: LCSH: Volcanoes--Juvenile literature. |

BISAC: JUVENILE NONFICTION / Readers /

Beginner. | JUVENILE NONFICTION / Science

& Nature / Earth Sciences / Earthquakes &

Volcanoes.

Classification: LCC QE521.3 (ebook) | LCC

QE521.3 .G357 2017 (print) | DDC 551.21--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc .gov/2016051354

Photo Credits

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National Geographic supports K–12 educators with ELA Common Core Resources. Visit natgeoed.org/commoncore for more information.

25 Hot Facts About Volcanoes 4

Chapter 1: Our Fiery World 6

Chapter 2: Danger! 16

Chapter 3: Volcano Detectives 30

25 More Hot Facts About Volcanoes 44

Volcano Facts Roundup 46

Index 48

Heavy ashfall can

make it impossible

to breathe.

The powdery ash that

volcanoes eject can float

around the world.

Mount St. Helens, in Washington State,

U.S.A., caused the largest landslide

known on Earth when it erupted.

Magma flows to Earth’s

surface because it is lighter

than the solid rock around it.

Lava can reach 2,000 degrees

Fahrenheit—four times hotter

than your kitchen oven!

An umbrella won’t help! Lava blown

from a volcano hardens into solid rock

in the air, and the pieces fall like rain.

In the United States alone, 80 volcanoes have

erupted once or more in the past 500 years.

The heat from lava causes the

plants it buries to release

gases and explode.

Volcanoes can change the weather.

Mount St. Helens

destroyed eight bridges

when it erupted.

When lava reaches the

ocean, it cools rapidly.

It breaks down to form

black sand beaches.

A volcanic eruption can

blow apart a mountain.

Lava that cools into rough

pieces is called aa (AH-ah).

Ash in the sky can make day

as dark as night.

Most lava moves slow enough

for people to escape it.

When it explodes from a volcano, runny lava

may form cow-pie “bombs” that splat

into rough pancake shapes.

When the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupted

in 2010, ash forced airports as far away as mainland

Europe to shut down for almost a week.

Water warmed by

volcanoes is used to

heat homes in Iceland.

Rich volcanic soil

is excellent for

growing crops.

Volcanoes eject bombs—

semi-molten pieces of lava—

and solid lava chunks called blocks.

A pyroclastic flow is a fast-moving mix of hot gas, ash, and rock that can destroy everything in its path.

A volcano

can flatten

a forest.

Lava that hardens into a smooth,

ropy surface is called pahoehoe

(paw-HOE-EE-hoe-ee).

Volcanic bombs and blocks can be as

small as your fist or as big as a house.

Earth’s largest land volcano, Mauna Loa

in Hawaii, U.S.A., is more than 10 miles high

from its base on the seafloor to its top.

CHAPTER 1

Besides Stromboli,

a volcano erupts

somewhere on Earth

EVERY WEEK.

Stromboli has been spewing

gas and spitting molten rock

for more than 2,000 years! It is one of

Earth’s most active volcanoes. Full

eruptions can occur from only minutes

to hours apart.

Volcanoes begin deep

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