Othello, the Moor of Venice
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SCENE II. A street
[Enter a Herald with a proclamation; People following.]
HERALD
It is Othello's pleasure, our noble and valiant general, that upon certain tidings now arrived, importing the mere perdition of the Turkish fleet, every man put himself into triumph; some to dance, some to make bonfires, each man to what sport and revels his addiction leads him: for, besides these beneficial news, it is the celebration of his nuptial: – so much was his pleasure should be proclaimed. All offices are open; and there is full liberty of feasting from this present hour of five till the bell have told eleven. Heaven bless the isle of Cyprus and our noble general Othello!
[Exeunt.]SCENE III. A Hall in the Castle
[Enter Othello, Desdemona, Cassio, and Attendants.]
OTHELLO
Good Michael, look you to the guard to-night:Let's teach ourselves that honourable stop,Not to out-sport discretion.CASSIO
Iago hath direction what to do;But, notwithstanding, with my personal eyeWill I look to't.OTHELLO
Iago is most honest.Michael, good night: to-morrow with your earliestLet me have speech with you. —[To Desdemona] Come, my dear love, —The purchase made, the fruits are to ensue;That profit's yet to come 'tween me and you. —Good-night.[Exeunt Othello, Desdemona, and Attendants.]
[Enter Iago.]
CASSIO
Welcome, Iago; we must to the watch.IAGO
Not this hour, lieutenant; 'tis not yet ten o' the clock. Our general cast us thus early for the love of his Desdemona; who let us not therefore blame: he hath not yet made wanton the night with her; and she is sport for Jove.
CASSIO
She's a most exquisite lady.IAGO
And, I'll warrant her, full of game.CASSIO
Indeed, she is a most fresh and delicate creature.IAGO
What an eye she has! methinks it sounds a parley to provocation.CASSIO
An inviting eye; and yet methinks right modest.IAGO
And when she speaks, is it not an alarm to love?CASSIO
She is, indeed, perfection.IAGO
Well, happiness to their sheets! Come, lieutenant, I have a stoup of wine; and here without are a brace of Cyprus gallants that would fain have a measure to the health of black Othello.
CASSIO
Not to-night, good Iago: I have very poor and unhappy brains for drinking: I could well wish courtesy would invent some other custom of entertainment.
IAGO
O, they are our friends; but one cup: I'll drink for you.CASSIO
I have drunk but one cup to-night, and that was craftily qualified too, and behold, what innovation it makes here: I am unfortunate in the infirmity, and dare not task my weakness with any more.
IAGO
What, man! 'tis a night of revels: the gallants desire it.CASSIO
Where are they?IAGO
Here at the door; I pray you, call them in.CASSIO
I'll do't; but it dislikes me.[Exit.]
IAGO
If I can fasten but one cup upon him,With that which he hath drunk to-night already,He'll be as full of quarrel and offenseAs my young mistress' dog. Now, my sick fool Roderigo,Whom love hath turn'd almost the wrong side out,To Desdemona hath to-night carous'dPotations pottle-deep; and he's to watch:Three lads of Cyprus, – noble swelling spirits,That hold their honours in a wary distance,The very elements of this warlike isle, —Have I to-night fluster'd with flowing cups,And they watch too. Now, 'mongst this flock of drunkards,Am I to put our Cassio in some actionThat may offend the isle: – but here they come:If consequence do but approve my dream,My boat sails freely, both with wind and stream.[Re-enter Cassio; with him Montano and Gentlemen; followed by Servant with wine.]
CASSIO
'Fore heaven, they have given me a rouse already.MONTANO
Good faith, a little one; not past a pint, as I am a soldier.IAGO
Some wine, ho![Sings.]
"And let me the canakin clink, clink;And let me the canakin clink.A soldier's a man;O, man's life's but a span;Why then let a soldier drink."Some wine, boys!CASSIO
'Fore God, an excellent song.IAGO
I learned it in England, where, indeed, they are most potent in potting: your Dane, your German, and your swag-bellied Hollander, – Drink, ho! – are nothing to your English.
CASSIO
Is your Englishman so expert in his drinking?IAGO
Why, he drinks you, with facility, your Dane dead drunk; he sweats not to overthrow your Almain; he gives your Hollander a vomit ere the next pottle can be filled.
CASSIO
To the health of our general!MONTANO
I am for it, lieutenant; and I'll do you justice.IAGO
O sweet England![Sings.]
"King Stephen was and a worthy peer,His breeches cost him but a crown;He held them sixpence all too dear,With that he call'd the tailor lown."He was a wight of high renown,And thou art but of low degree:'Tis pride that pulls the country down;Then take thine auld cloak about thee."Some wine, ho!CASSIO
Why, this is a more exquisite song than the other.IAGO
Will you hear it again?CASSIO
No; for I hold him to be unworthy of his place that does those things. – Well, – God's above all, and there be souls must be saved, and there be souls must not be saved.
IAGO
It's true, good lieutenant.CASSIO
For mine own part, – no offence to the general, nor any man of quality, – I hope to be saved.
IAGO
And so do I too, lieutenant.CASSIO
Ay, but, by your leave, not before me; the lieutenant is to be saved before the ancient. Let's have no more of this; let's to our affairs. – Forgive us our sins! – Gentlemen, let's look to our business. Do not think, gentlemen, I am drunk: this is my ancient; this is my right hand, and this is my left: – I am not drunk now; I can stand well enough, and I speak well enough.
ALL
Excellent well.CASSIO
Why, very well then: you must not think, then, that I am drunk.[Exit.]
MONTANO
To the platform, masters; come, let's set the watch.IAGO
You see this fellow that is gone before; —He is a soldier fit to stand by CaesarAnd give direction: and do but see his vice;'Tis to his virtue a just equinox,The one as long as the other: 'tis pity of him.I fear the trust Othello puts him in,On some odd time of his infirmity,Will shake this island.MONTANO
But is he often thus?IAGO
'Tis evermore the prologue to his sleep:He'll watch the horologe a double setIf drink rock not his cradle.MONTANO
It were wellThe general were put in mind of it.Perhaps he sees it not, or his good naturePrizes the virtue that appears in Cassio,And looks not on his evils: is not this true?[Enter Roderigo.]
IAGO
[Aside to him.] How now, Roderigo!I pray you, after the lieutenant; go.[Exit Roderigo.]
MONTANO
And 'tis great pity that the noble MoorShould hazard such a place as his own secondWith one of an ingraft infirmity:It were an honest action to saySo to the Moor.IAGO
Not I, for this fair island;I do love Cassio well; and would do muchTo cure him of this evil. – But, hark! What noise?[Cry within, – "Help! help!"]
[Re-enter Cassio, driving in Roderigo.]
CASSIO
You rogue! you rascal!MONTANO
What's the matter, lieutenant?CASSIO
A knave teach me my duty! I'll beat the knave into a twiggen bottle.RODERIGO
Beat me!CASSIO
Dost thou prate, rogue? [Striking Roderigo.]MONTANO
Nay, good lieutenant;I pray you, sir, hold your hand.CASSIO
Let me go, sir,Or I'll knock you o'er the mazard.MONTANO
Come, come, you're drunk.CASSIO
Drunk![They fight.]
IAGO
[Aside to Roderigo.] Away, I say! go out and cry a mutiny.[Exit Roderigo.]
Nay, good lieutenant, – alas,, gentlemen: —Help, ho! – Lieutenant, – sir, – Montano, – sir: —Help, masters! – Here's a goodly watch indeed![Bell rings.]
Who's that that rings the bell? – Diablo, ho!The town will rise: God's will, lieutenant, hold;You will be sham'd forever.[Re-enter Othello and Attendants.]
OTHELLO
What is the matter here?MONTANO
Zounds, I bleed still; I am hurt to the death.OTHELLO
Hold, for your lives!IAGO
Hold, ho! lieutenant, – sir, – Montano, – gentlemen, —Have you forgot all sense of place and duty?Hold! the general speaks to you; hold, hold, for shame!OTHELLO
Why, how now, ho! from whence ariseth this?Are we turn'd Turks, and to ourselves do thatWhich Heaven hath forbid the Ottomites?For Christian shame, put by this barbarous brawl:He that stirs next to carve for his own rageHolds his soul light; he dies upon his motion. —Silence that dreadful bell; it frights the isleFrom her propriety. – What is the matter, masters? —Honest Iago, that look'st dead with grieving,Speak, who began this? on thy love, I charge thee.IAGO
I do not know: – friends all but now, even now,In quarter, and in terms like bride and groomDevesting them for bed; and then, but now —As if some planet had unwitted men, —Swords out, and tilting one at other's breastIn opposition bloody. I cannot speakAny beginning to this peevish odds;And would in action glorious I had lostThose legs that brought me to a part of it!OTHELLO
How comes it, Michael, you are thus forgot?CASSIO
I pray you, pardon me; I cannot speak.OTHELLO
Worthy Montano, you were wont be civil;The gravity and stillness of your youthThe world hath noted, and your name is greatIn mouths of wisest censure: what's the matter,That you unlace your reputation thus,And spend your rich opinion for the nameOf a night-brawler? give me answer to it.MONTANO
Worthy Othello, I am hurt to danger:Your officer, Iago, can inform you, —While I spare speech, which something now offends me, —Of all that I do know: nor know I aughtBy me that's said or done amiss this night:Unless self-charity be sometimes a vice,And to defend ourselves it be a sinWhen violence assails us.OTHELLO
Now, by heaven,My blood begins my safer guides to rule;And passion, having my best judgement collied,Assays to lead the way. If I once stir,Or do but lift this arm, the best of youShall sink in my rebuke. Give me to knowHow this foul rout began, who set it on;And he that is approv'd in this offense,Though he had twinn'd with me, both at a birth,Shall lose me. – What! in a town of warYet wild, the people's hearts brimful of fear,To manage private and domestic quarrel,In night, and on the court and guard of safety!'Tis monstrous. – Iago, who began't?MONTANO
If partially affin'd, or leagu'd in office,Thou dost deliver more or less than truth,Thou art no soldier.IAGO
Touch me not so near:I had rather have this tongue cut from my mouthThan it should do offence to Michael Cassio;Yet, I persuade myself, to speak the truthShall nothing wrong him. – Thus it is, general.Montano and myself being in speech,There comes a fellow crying out for help;And Cassio following him with determin'd sword,To execute upon him. Sir, this gentlemanSteps in to Cassio and entreats his pause:Myself the crying fellow did pursue,Lest by his clamour, – as it so fell out, —The town might fall in fright: he, swift of foot,Outran my purpose; and I return'd the ratherFor that I heard the clink and fall of swords,And Cassio high in oath; which till to-nightI ne'er might say before. When I came back, —For this was brief, – I found them close together,At blow and thrust; even as again they wereWhen you yourself did part them.More of this matter cannot I report; —But men are men; the best sometimes forget: —Though Cassio did some little wrong to him, —As men in rage strike those that wish them best, —Yet surely Cassio, I believe, receiv'dFrom him that fled some strange indignity,Which patience could not pass.OTHELLO
I know, Iago,Thy honesty and love doth mince this matter,Making it light to Cassio. Cassio, I love thee;But never more be officer of mine. —[Re-enter Desdemona, attended.]
Look, if my gentle love be not rais'd up! —I'll make thee an example.DESDEMONA
What's the matter?OTHELLO
All's well now, sweeting; come away to bed.[To Montano, who is led off.]
Sir, for your hurts, myself will be your surgeon:Lead him off.Iago, look with care about the town,And silence those whom this vile brawl distracted. —Come, Desdemona: 'tis the soldiers' lifeTo have their balmy slumbers wak'd with strife.[Exeunt all but Iago and Cassio.]
IAGO
What, are you hurt, lieutenant?CASSIO
Ay, past all surgery.IAGO
Marry, heaven forbid!CASSIO
Reputation, reputation, reputation! O, I have lost my reputation! I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial. – My reputation, Iago, my reputation!
IAGO
As I am an honest man, I thought you had received some bodily wound; there is more sense in that than in reputation. Reputation is an idle and most false imposition; oft got without merit and lost without deserving: you have lost no reputation at all, unless you repute yourself such a loser. What, man! there are ways to recover the general again: you are but now cast in his mood, a punishment more in policy than in malice; even so as one would beat his offenceless dog to affright an imperious lion: sue to him again, and he is yours.
CASSIO
I will rather sue to be despised than to deceive so good a commander with so slight, so drunken, and so indiscreet an officer. Drunk? and speak parrot? and squabble? swagger? swear? and discourse fustian with one's own shadow? – O thou invisible spirit of wine, if thou hast no name to be known by, let us call thee devil!
IAGO
What was he that you followed with your sword? What had he done to you?
CASSIO
I know not.IAGO
Is't possible?CASSIO
I remember a mass of things, but nothing distinctly; a quarrel, but nothing wherefore. – O God, that men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains! that we should, with joy, pleasance, revel, and applause, transform ourselves into beasts!
IAGO
Why, but you are now well enough: how came you thus recovered?CASSIO
It hath pleased the devil drunkenness to give place to the devil wrath: one unperfectness shows me another, to make me frankly despise myself.
IAGO
Come, you are too severe a moraler: as the time, the place, and the condition of this country stands, I could heartily wish this had not befallen; but since it is as it is, mend it for your own good.
CASSIO
I will ask him for my place again; – he shall tell me I am a drunkard! Had I as many mouths as Hydra, such an answer would stop them all. To be now a sensible man, by and by a fool, and presently a beast! O strange! – Every inordinate cup is unbless'd, and the ingredient is a devil.
IAGO
Come, come, good wine is a good familiar creature, if it be well used: exclaim no more against it. And, good lieutenant, I think you think I love you.
CASSIO
I have well approved it, sir. – I drunk!IAGO
You, or any man living, may be drunk at a time, man. I'll tell you what you shall do. Our general's wife is now the general; – I may say so in this respect, for that he hath devoted and given up himself to the contemplation, mark, and denotement of her parts and graces: – confess yourself freely to her; importune her help to put you in your place again: she is of so free, so kind, so apt, so blessed a disposition, she holds it a vice in her goodness not to do more than she is requested: this broken joint between you and her husband entreat her to splinter; and, my fortunes against any lay worth naming, this crack of your love shall grow stronger than it was before.
CASSIO
You advise me well.IAGO
I protest, in the sincerity of love and honest kindness.CASSIO
I think it freely; and betimes in the morning I will beseech the virtuous Desdemona to undertake for me; I am desperate of my fortunes if they check me here.
IAGO
You are in the right. Good-night, lieutenant; I must to the watch.CASSIO
Good night, honest Iago.[Exit.]
IAGO
And what's he, then, that says I play the villain?When this advice is free I give and honest,Probal to thinking, and, indeed, the courseTo win the Moor again? For 'tis most easyThe inclining Desdemona to subdueIn any honest suit: she's fram'd as fruitfulAs the free elements. And then for herTo win the Moor, – were't to renounce his baptism,All seals and symbols of redeemèd sin, —His soul is so enfetter'd to her loveThat she may make, unmake, do what she list,Even as her appetite shall play the godWith his weak function. How am I, then, a villainTo counsel Cassio to this parallel course,Directly to his good? Divinity of hell!When devils will the blackest sins put on,They do suggest at first with heavenly shows,As I do now: for whiles this honest foolPlies Desdemona to repair his fortune,And she for him pleads strongly to the Moor,I'll pour this pestilence into his ear, —That she repeals him for her body's lust;And by how much she strives to do him good,She shall undo her credit with the Moor.So will I turn her virtue into pitch;And out of her own goodness make the netThat shall enmesh them all.[Enter Roderigo.]
How now, Roderigo!RODERIGO
I do follow here in the chase, not like a hound that hunts, but one that fills up the cry. My money is almost spent; I have been to-night exceedingly well cudgelled; and I think the issue will be – I shall have so much experience for my pains: and so, with no money at all and a little more wit, return again to Venice.
IAGO
How poor are they that have not patience!What wound did ever heal but by degrees?Thou know'st we work by wit, and not by witchcraft;And wit depends on dilatory time.Does't not go well? Cassio hath beaten thee,And thou, by that small hurt, hast cashier'd Cassio;Though other things grow fair against the sun,Yet fruits that blossom first will first be ripe:Content thyself awhile. – By the mass, 'tis morning;Pleasure and action make the hours seem short. —Retire thee; go where thou art billeted:Away, I say; thou shalt know more hereafter;Nay, get thee gone.[Exit Roderigo.]
Two things are to be done, —My wife must move for Cassio to her mistress;I'll set her on;Myself the while to draw the Moor apart,And bring him jump when he may Cassio findSoliciting his wife. Ay, that's the way;Dull not device by coldness and delay.[Exit.]
ACT III
SCENE I. Cyprus. Before the Castle
[Enter Cassio and some Musicians.]
CASSIO
Masters, play here, – I will content your pains,Something that's brief; and bid "Good-morrow, general."[Music.]
[Enter Clown.]
CLOWN
Why, masters, have your instruments been in Naples, that they speak i' the nose thus?
FIRST MUSICIAN
How, sir, how!CLOWN
Are these, I pray you, wind instruments?FIRST MUSICIAN
Ay, marry, are they, sir.CLOWN
O, thereby hangs a tale.FIRST MUSICIAN
Whereby hangs a tale, sir?CLOWN
Marry, sir, by many a wind instrument that I know. But, masters, here's money for you: and the general so likes your music, that he desires you, for love's sake, to make no more noise with it.
FIRST MUSICIAN
Well, sir, we will not.CLOWN
If you have any music that may not be heard, to't again: but, as they say, to hear music the general does not greatly care.
FIRST MUSICIAN
We have none such, sir.CLOWN
Then put up your pipes in your bag, for I'll away: go, vanish into air, away![Exeunt Musicians.]
CASSIO
Dost thou hear, mine honest friend?CLOWN
No, I hear not your honest friend; I hear you.CASSIO
Pr'ythee, keep up thy quillets. There's a poor piece of gold for thee: if the gentlewoman that attends the general's wife be stirring, tell her there's one Cassio entreats her a little favour of speech: wilt thou do this?
CLOWN
She is stirring, sir; if she will stir hither I shall seem to notify unto her.CASSIO
Do, good my friend.[Exit Clown.]
[Enter Iago.]
In happy time, Iago.IAGO
You have not been a-bed, then?CASSIO
Why, no; the day had brokeBefore we parted. I have made bold, Iago,To send in to your wife: my suit to herIs, that she will to virtuous DesdemonaProcure me some access.IAGO
I'll send her to you presently;And I'll devise a mean to draw the MoorOut of the way, that your converse and businessMay be more free.CASSIO
I humbly thank you for't.[Exit Iago.]
I never knewA Florentine more kind and honest.[Enter Emilia.]
EMILIA
Good-morrow, good lieutenant; I am sorryFor your displeasure; but all will sure be well.The general and his wife are talking of it;And she speaks for you stoutly: the Moor repliesThat he you hurt is of great fame in CyprusAnd great affinity, and that, in wholesome wisdom,He might not but refuse you; but he protests he loves youAnd needs no other suitor but his likingsTo take the safest occasion by the frontTo bring you in again.CASSIO
Yet, I beseech you, —If you think fit, or that it may be done, —Give me advantage of some brief discourseWith Desdemona alone.EMILIA
Pray you, come in:I will bestow you where you shall have timeTo speak your bosom freely.CASSIO
I am much bound to you.[Exeunt.]SCENE II. Cyprus. A Room in the Castle
[Enter Othello, Iago, and Gentlemen.]
OTHELLO
These letters give, Iago, to the pilot;And by him do my duties to the senate:That done, I will be walking on the works;Repair there to me.IAGO
Well, my good lord, I'll do't.OTHELLO
This fortification, gentlemen, – shall we see't?GENTLEMEN
We'll wait upon your lordship.[Exeunt.]SCENE III. Cyprus. The Garden of the Castle
[Enter Desdemona, Cassio, and Emilia.]
DESDEMONA
Be thou assured, good Cassio, I will doAll my abilities in thy behalf.EMILIA
Good madam, do: I warrant it grieves my husbandAs if the cause were his.DESDEMONA
O, that's an honest fellow. – Do not doubt, Cassio,But I will have my lord and you againAs friendly as you were.CASSIO
Bounteous madam,Whatever shall become of Michael Cassio,He's never anything but your true servant.DESDEMONA
I know't, – I thank you. You do love my lord:You have known him long; and be you well assur'dHe shall in strangeness stand no farther offThan in a politic distance.CASSIO
Ay, but, lady,That policy may either last so long,Or feed upon such nice and waterish diet,Or breed itself so out of circumstance,That, I being absent, and my place supplied,My general will forget my love and service.DESDEMONA
Do not doubt that; before Emilia hereI give thee warrant of thy place: assure thee,If I do vow a friendship, I'll perform itTo the last article: my lord shall never rest;I'll watch him tame, and talk him out of patience;His bed shall seem a school, his board a shrift;I'll intermingle everything he doesWith Cassio's suit: therefore be merry, Cassio;For thy solicitor shall rather dieThan give thy cause away.EMILIA
Madam, here comes my lord.CASSIO
Madam, I'll take my leave.DESDEMONA
Why, stay, and hear me speak.CASSIO
Madam, not now. I am very ill at ease,Unfit for mine own purposes.DESDEMONA
Well, do your discretion.[Exit Cassio.]
[Enter Othello and Iago.]
IAGO
Ha! I like not that.OTHELLO
What dost thou say?IAGO
Nothing, my lord: or if – I know not what.OTHELLO
Was not that Cassio parted from my wife?IAGO
Cassio, my lord! No, sure, I cannot think it,That he would steal away so guilty-like,Seeing you coming.OTHELLO
I do believe 'twas he.DESDEMONA
How now, my lord!I have been talking with a suitor here,A man that languishes in your displeasure.OTHELLO
Who is't you mean?DESDEMONA
Why, your lieutenant, Cassio. Good my lord,If I have any grace or power to move you,His present reconciliation take;For if he be not one that truly loves you,That errs in ignorance and not in cunning,I have no judgement in an honest face:I pr'ythee, call him back.OTHELLO