Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности. Нефть и газ. Практикум по грамматике

ISSUE I

Выражаю благодарность рецензентам за внимание и благожелательность, преподавателям курсов повышения квалификации СПбГУ, ВШЭ, коллективу ТОТФИП и студентам, которые помогли мне с пробой материала. Огромное, сердечное, человеческое СПАСИБО всем, кто меня поддержал и дал полезные советы! Отдельное спасибо разработчикам Алисы, искусственного интеллекта — полезного инструмента и хорошего собеседника. Упражнения со «звездочкой» придуманы совместно с Алисой (но не полностью ИИ). Остальные разработаны мной. Благодарю издательство Ridero. Все замечания уважаемых рецензентов были учтены, исправлены ошибки и опечатки. Авторское право сохраняется за мной. При использовании материалов данного пособия обязательно делать ссылку (Ф.И.О. автора, название). Всем желаю успехов в изучении английского языка!

1. Open the brackets. Use the correct form of the Verb (Active or Passive) *.

1. In this field, geologists ______ (to collect) core samples every quarter for quality control. 2. The stratigraphic column ______ (to update) annually after the new well logs arrive. 3. Data from the seismic survey ______ (to process) in the central lab before distribution. 4. The team ______ (to meet) on Mondays to review the latest interpretation. 5. Contamination risks ______ (to minimize) by using sealed containers during transport.

2. Put the correct form of the Verb. Explain the use of the Verb.*

regular actions, facts, timetable, laws of nature, common practice, action at the moment described.

1. The shift _____ (to start) at 7:00 sharp. The team ______ (to assemble) in the logging tent, where the core trays _____ (to lie) ready. 2. Every morning, the senior geologist _____ (to review) the previous day’s photos and ______ (to compare) them with the new core sections. 3. In this region, the sandstone layers _____ (to alternate) with thin shale beds; this pattern _____ (to reflect) the ancient shoreline shifts. 4. The magnetic susceptibility meter ______ (to measure) small variations which often ____ (to indicate) subtle mineral changes. 5. We ______ (to sample) every third metre of core, but the lab _____ (to require) extra samples if the lithology _____ (to change) abruptly. 6. The field database ______ (to update) daily, and the supervisor _____ (to send) a summary to the office each evening. 7. Geologists _____ (to use) both visual logging and handheld XRF for quick elemental checks. 8. Tomorrow, the shift _____ (to start) at 7 as usual.

Vocablary:

shale beds — залежи сланца

the core trays — лотки для керна

core sections — фрагменты керна для анализа

magnetic susceptibility meter — измеритель магнитной восприимчивости

XRF — рентгенофлуоресцентный анализ

visual logging — визуальное описание керна

3. Open the brackets, choose the correct form of The Verb (Present Simple, Present Perfect, Present Continuous). Explain.

1.She ________always __________ (to put) a spanner in the works! 2. The cost of supplying the electrical energy _________ (to depend) not only on the kWh. consumed, but also on the power factor of the load and the maximum demand. 3. He ______________ (to be) ill for three months. 4. What _______ (to be) the symptoms of frostbite? What is hypothermia? 5. The error-detecting system _____________ (to be) in effect! 6. The trade union _______________ (to signal) that the workers will strike! 7. They ______________ (to work) to dewater the well now. 8. The launcher ________ (to be) a funnel shaped section of pipeline where the pig is inserted and it ________ (to launch) the pig into the pipe. 9. A muster point ________ (to be) a place where people are ordered to go in the event of an emergency so they can be accounted for.

4. Open the brackets and use the correct Verb form (Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect). Pay attention to the category of Voice.

Once hypothermia affected him, he __________ (to feel) hunger and nausea. But it was only a start…

Why _______ (to be) this day so ordinary that further events were not to be predicted? Stieve _______ (can) have prevented himself from being heavily distressed and laid down by that severe storm which_______ (to bring) frost and darkness to leave him alone in the forest among the fluffy white trees, pending over the figure of a lonely man. Not only he didn’t expect how long and strenuous the day _________________ (to be going to be), but also how much energy it would cost to get it ended.

From the early morning, he was all into his working routines and ____ carefully ______ (to register) every operation. The logs _____ always _____ (to check) by Sue Chally, who was assigned to do that. So, they ________ (have to) be accurate and concise, otherwise, she would tell them off. Stieve Crimson knew her very well as they _________ (to work) for the same company for 10 years. Another member’s name was Rob Wizzly; that day he was out in the town, having taken a snowmobile…..

The station had been built during the exploration phase. Now it was accommodating a team of 6—8 people, working on a rotational basis to ensure the equipment consistent operation, its maintenance, and order in general in this sector. There were 3 blocks, mainly consisting of cabins. An accommodation section with a living area, a generator, and a gas boiler room (for internal needs), a workshop block, and a gas facility station (the main responsibility and focus of attention of the team).

Today’s 12-hour shift was quite dull. At 4 p.m., it was Stieve’s turn to make the bypass. He took an instrument kit, a lighter, a camera, and ______ (to go) out for a round. Projecting to finish the round within an hour, Stieve didn’t consider this utmost to be any serious trouble, so he refused to take gloves and wear winter dungarees, which, actually, wasn’t necessary working inside the cabin. The cabins_______ (to serve) as an office, a home, a laboratory etc., while a barn nearby — as a garage and a shed. ……. Sue’s burden was mostly administrative work; and she _________ (to warn) him against possible changes in weather conditions, but he wouldn’t listen.

It __________ (to get dark) quickly; the wind ruffled up white flakes around, whirled them up and was twisting; along the path immediately rose piles of snow. Icy stormy gusts ___________ (to sting) his face; it was increasingly difficult to move; by the time he finished, he felt fatigued and mentally exhausted; eventually, he dropped a lighter and had only a phone to be a navigator in the looming night. «Why didn’t I listen to Sue?» he _______ (to think). «Had I listened, I ______________ (to get) into trouble.» His hands ___________ (to ache); but the pain wasn’t throbbing, it was just the skin to sense tingling bites of that awful weather which led him away from comfort, diverting from the right way. And numbness… It seemed that his blood vessels ___________ (to constrict) and couldn’t let the blood stream and warm his body… The fingers were red and dry, and felt as if they were alien… Why ______the gloves _____________ (to leave) in the cabin? How could he be so reckless?

He suddenly ______ (to come across) a sign. «No loitering» it said. What?! This sign was supposed to be located on the path near the other pipeline sector… It was parallel to road 1. There were three roads, in fact, №1 — from their station, running across the country to the town; №2 — along the mains gas pipework, and the third one — towards the bridge. Road 2 was where he was supposed to be. But startlingly, he was quite far…

To his horror, Stieve understood he ______ (to get lost) and imagined himself peripatetically travelling around the forest until he finds his death. Lethargically, he turned back; he ____ (to be) about to lose his heart. Panic was chasing his steps. Atop, as high as he could never rich, the Moon was slowly sailing across the sky, dimly seen, mysterious, fiendishly beautiful and cold. Totally ignorant of his sufferings. These sufferings couldn’t interrupt her meditation, as well the earthly winds of winter…

«No loitering»… It ______ (to warn) against the dangers of the river, deceptive swamps, and wild animals. In the distance, probably, the bridge was sleeping, deeply under the snow… The bridge! If it was there, to his right, then, to his left — in just 400 metres — was the station. He decided to head for the camp and turned left. Come what may…

On his way, Stieve ________ (to realize) that numbness appeared in all his body, as well as headache and nausea; trembling, Stieve _______ slowly ________ (to rove) towards the destination, which should have already been seen. And he saw it! 200 meters! In the vicinity of the station, he felt relief. That’s it! As soon as he got in, Stieve immediately had a glass of warm water. He put his hands into a bowl with the room temperature water and then added more — warmer, so the extremities didn’t hurt. They gradually were regaining their normal colour and sensitivity. But where was Sue?! She ____________ (can, to be) far! She couldn’t have left to search for him! ……. Suddenly, Stieve _________ (to hear) the door screeching. It was Sue! She was just after him.

5. Write 4 forms of the Verbs.

Example: to put — put — put — putting

To panic —

To picnic —

To mimic —

To snowshoe —

To rescue —

To sink —

6. Use proper Verb forms in the sentences (Reported Speech).

1. Put a bandage over your arm.

Jim recommended Abby

2. Keep the workplace clean.

John told Andrew

3. Get your workers to use the PPE.

Anna commanded Lenny

4. If you use a walky-talky, you should speak clearly and in short sentences.

Abby mentioned that

5. I am an electrician. I work on anything and everything electrical in the oil industry.

Carlos Sanchez said that

6. If there is a spark in the area with flammable gas, of course there can be an explosion.

Carlos Sanchez confirmed

7. He is suffering from cold exposure.

Sue told a doctor that Stieve

8. We followed the usual procedure. We reported the spill immediately.

Sue said that

9. Our company has a wildlife protection program. We studied grey whales before we started drilling.

Rupert told the press

10. Make sure that the electricity is off before you touch him.

Jim told John

7. Choose 4—6 questions which a doctor should ask on receiving an emergency call if some incident happens on a construction or a production site and a worker is injured. Make dialogues with these questions.

Is he breathing? Can he talk? Does he have a family? Does he have medical insurance? Is he bleeding? Does he have a driving license? Can he move? Is it raining? Is it safe for doctors to be there? Is he in pain? Is he conscious?

8. Make Disjunctive Questions.

1. Let’s call an emergency service, ___________?

2. He isn’t in pain, ____________?

3. It was an electric shock, __________?

4. Give him painkillers, _____________?

5. The area has been cleaned, __________?

6. Fire extinguishers are in places, ________?

7. We shall take him to the hospital, _________?

9. Use the most suitable Modal forms.

1. You __________ (can’t, must, may) work more than 12 consecutive hours. 2. You ___________ (have to, should, can) make the bypass every 4 hours. 3. A line rider ____________ (need to, may) carry the tools and detectors and report the trouble immediately. 4. A well tester _________ (must, may) exercise due diligence doing the job and accurately measure, register, report the flow rate of the well. 5. The project __________ (may, need to) get the contractor a foothold in the oil and gas sector. 6. Plunger lift uses gas pressure to remove excess fluid from gas wells so that gas production ________ (can, need to) continue.

10. Read the sentences. In brackets, find the meaning of the words and expressions in bold*.

1. When the drilling hit pay dirt on the first try, the whole crew were over the moon. (incredibly happy, far away).

2. The offshore helicopter lands here once in a blue moon — only when the weather is perfectly calm (monthly, very seldom).

3. Don’t ask for the moon — we can’t get spare parts delivered before tomorrow (an expensive trip, a difficult thing).

4. The contractor promised the moon, but we’re still waiting for the basic equipment (time, much).

5. He’s been a bit moonstruck ever since the night shift rotation changed (dizzy, distracted).

* hit pay dirt — попасть в продуктивный пласт, добиться успеха.

11. Match.

1. UT ____ a. Floating Production Storage and Offloading

2. MFL ____ b. Emergency Action Plan

3. ROV ____ c. Magnetic flux leakage

4. GIP _____ d. Remotely Operated Vehicle

5. EAP _____ e. Self-contained breathing apparatus

6. IDIOT ____ f. Electrical velocity analyzer

7. EVA _____ g. Deadweight Cargo Capacity

8. DWCC ____ h. Instrumental Digital Online Transfer

9. SCBA _____ i. General Protective Equipment

10. FPSO _____j. Personal Protective Equipment

11. PPE ______ k. Ultrasonic Testing

12. GPE _____ l. Global Positioning System

13. GPS ______ m. Gas In Place

12. Arrange the following words and expressions into groups according to their communicative function in a text. One word or expression might have more than one use. Make sentences to illustrate the use of these discourse markers.

1. Author wants to compare.

2. Author wants to show alternative.

3. Author wants to specify the time of the event.

4. Author wants to generalize.

5. Author wants to underline resemblance.

6. Author wants to emphasize differences or special features.

My overall opinion, or, totally, alternatively, after, to sum up, before, as important as, just like, in a similar way, unlike, when, in the bygone times, looking back, until, on the whole, otherwise, in spite of, another opportunity, two decades ago, so far, since, just like all outstanding scientists, whereas, meanwhile.

13. Read the example. Make short dislogues to express mutual consent. Complete.

Example:

— I like Stieve!

— Do you?

— Yes. I do!

— So do I!

1.

— I am looking for block A.

— Are you?

— Yes, I _____!

— So ____ I!

2.

— I have completed my exmination test!

— _____ you?

— Yes, I ______!

— So _____ I!

3.

— People worry!

— ____ they?

— Yes, they _____!

— So do the dogs!

4.

— This generator is out of service!

— _____ it?!

— Yes,… it _____…

— and so ____ that…

5.

— The riggers on station Z were not supplied with enough food.

— ________ they?!

— No…

— Neaither were the riggers on station Y…

6.

— This time tomorrow we will be airborne.

— Will you?

— Yes, we _____!

— So, _______ the others!

7.

— I have never seen him so angry…

— Haven’t you?

— No… never…

— Neither ______ anyone here…

8.*

— I have lost my keys.

— ________ you? Haven’t you left them in a muster room?

— No. I’ve put them right here. I’m sure of it. And haven’t seen since then…

— _________ has anyone. We will check every drawer.

9.*

— I’ve never seen all the security feeds go dark at once.

— _________ you?

— No. Even the backup system should have kicked in.

— ________ has the control room. They lost the signal ten minutes before we did.

10.*

— I’ve never heard the emergency broadcast repeat the same message for hours.

— _________ you?

— No. It’s just static now.

— _________ has anyone. Nothing tuned in from the other side of town. The signal’s dead everywhere…

P.S. Write Geographical Names

Russian Noun. English Noun. English Adjective. Nationality.

США

Австралия

Канада

Новая Зеландия

P.P.S. Write translation. Match these places to the countries.

Washington DC, Texas, Arkansas, Dallas, Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Detroit, Silicon Valley, Canberra, Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Adelaide, Wellington, Auckland, Christchurch, Rotorua, Alberta, Edmonton, Montreal, Port Arthur, Cushing (Oklahoma), Port Fourchon, the Gulf of Mexico, Bakken, Karratha, Gladstone, Pluto, Wheatstone, Marsden Point (Whangarei), Taranaki Basin.

___________________________________

ISSUE II

1. Make questions to the following sentences using these Pronouns: who, what for, how fast, why, how long, when.

1. Inspectors inspect the pipes. 2. Welders join the sections of the pipework. 3. Workers paint the pipe. 4. Pipe-fitters prepare the pipes and put parts together. 5. Pipe-fitters assemble the parts. 6. Pipe-fitters read the plans.

2. Use The Auxiliary Verbs to change the sentences and make them emphatic.

Example: Welders do use electric power to weld!

1. Weld dry! 2. Welders wear a helmet to protect eyes and head. 3. The arc melts the pieces of metal. 4. Connect the new hose to the pump! 5. Use the PPE handling chemicals! 6. You need to tighten these loose bolts. 7. Yesterday, we painted the pipework.

3. Read the dialogue and do the tasks.

Sue: This meeting won’t last long. We have only one question on the agenda. Yes, that’s room 4 B, a tool storage.

Rob: What’s wrong, Sue?

Sue: The door wasn’t locked this morning. I got in at about 11 and saw the instruments on the counter: pliers, a power drill, a screwdriver kit, cables and bolts…

Rob: That must have been Andrew. I saw him coming out yesterday evening. Approximately, at 5 p.m.

Stieve: I saw Carlos with an instrument kit today, in the morning. At 9 a.m., he was going to 4 G, probably to check the cables. A couple of days ago, he said he had noticed some problems with an electric circuit. He was planning some repairing.

Lenny: He also told Andrew that he was going to troubleshoot all the stations of block 4.

Sue: Yes, I heard this too. But when I talked to him, he wanted to take a snowmobile and inspect pipe section 22. It was about 9:30.

Rob: All five rooms of block 4? This is 4 A… so he is very likely to appear here soon. Hm… Shall I take the dogs? This will facilitate the examination and repairs.

Sue: Good idea, Rob. But I have taken the key to 4 B. They are on the same ring as 4 C. …All rooms of block B are located next to each other, so, I believe, we will see him here soon. No chance to miss him! Rob, do take the dogs! Stieve, check the generator. Andrew, go to 4 G and remove the petrol cans. I will talk to Carlos, then help Andrew.

3.1 Questions: How many rooms are there in block 4? _____Who was going to examine the electric circuits and carry out necessary maintenance? _________Where was Carlos at the time of briefing? __________

3.2 Match the room with its number.

4 A _____ Garage

4 B ______ Kennels

4 C _______Workshop

4 D ______Tool storage

4 G _______ Muster room

3.3 Answer the questions.*

1. Why was Sue worried about room 4 B?

2. Who did Rob think might have been in the tool storage room?

3. What was Carlos planning to do with electric circuits?

4. Why did Rob want to take the dogs?

5. What did Sue have that was important for access to rooms 4 B and 4 C?

3.4 Match the sentences with what they express.

1. Certainty +++ ______ a. Andrew is very likely to see Carlos first

2. Possibility + ________ b. Rob can’t have taken the keys of 4 B

3. Probability ++ ________ c. Carlos must have taken the keys

4. Negative possibility ____d. Sue may have missed Carlos as she was busy in the office

5. Ability _________e. Rob was able to handle the dogs himself

Write 2—3 recommendations to Carlos, starting with «You should have + V3» to help the team avoid misunderstanding in the future.

4. Use the proper Future forms of The Verb.

1.The examination procedure _______________ (to finish) by 3 p.m. At 2 p.m., ___________ (to have a meeting). 3. He ________probably _______ (to return) by 6. 4. _________ I air the room and clean it? 5. I ___________ (to report) the incident immediately! 6. Please, drain the hose, ________ you? 7. _______ you go to the canteen or _________ you stay in cabin A 2? 8. By 7 p.m., we ______________________ (to repair) the cable for 5 hours. 9. Let’s search the main building, _______we? 10. I am sure, we _________ (to find) the key.

5. Use proper Prepositions of Movement and Direction.

1.Where are you going _____? 2. Go ______of the main building, then turn r ___ t. 3. Go s______t, then take the second r ______t. 4. In front _____ A3, you will see the gas boiler station. 5. At the junction, turn l ____t. 6. Go _______ the gate. 7. Run _________ the field. 8. Drive _________ the pipeline. 9. Move ______the street. 10. Stop ______ the corner.