Origin of Cultivated Plants
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Prescott, Conquest of Peru. The author has consulted valuable records, among others a manuscript of Montesinos of 1527; but he does not quote his authorities for each fact, and contents himself with vague and general indications, which are very insufficient.
1550
Marcgraf, Brasil., p. 33.
1551
Oviedo, Ramusio’s trans., iii. p. 113; Jos. Acosta, Hist. Nat. des Indes, French trans., p. 166.
1552
Thevet, Piso, etc.; Hernandez, Thes., p. 341.
1553
Rheede, Hort. Malab., xi. p. 6.
1554
Rumphius, Amboin, v. p. 228.
1555
Royle, Ill., p. 376.
1556
Kircher, Chine Illustrée, trans. of 1670, p. 253.
1557
Clusius, Exotic., cap. 44.
1558
Baker, Fl. of Maurit.
1559
Royle, ubi supra.
1560
Seemann, Bot. of the Herald, p. 215.
1561
Humboldt, Nouv. Esp., 2nd edit., ii. p. 478.
1562
Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1881, vol. i. p. 657.
1563
Martius, letter to A. de Candolle, Géogr. Bot. Rais., p. 927.
1564
Humboldt, Voy., ii. p. 511; Kunth, in Humboldt and Bonpland, Nova Genera, v. p. 316; Martius, Ueber den Cacao, in Büchner, Repert. Pharm.
1565
Schach, in Grisebach, Flora of Brit. W. Ind. Is., p. 91.
1566
Sloane, Jamaica, ii. p. 15.
1567
G. Bernoulli. Uebersicht der Arten von Theobroma, p. 5.
1568
Hemsley, Biologia Centrali Americana, part ii. p. 133.
1569
Grisebach, ubi supra.
1570
Triana and Planchon, Prodr. Fl. Novo Granatensis, p. 208.
1571
Blanco, Fl. de Filipinas, edit. 2, p. 420.
1572
Kunth, in Humboldt and Bonpland, ubi supra; Triana, ubi supra.
1573
Bretschneider, letter of Aug. 23, 1881.
1574
Roxburgh, Fl. Indica, ii. p. 269.
1575
Blume, Rumphia, iii. p. 106.
1576
Loureiro, Flora Coch., p. 233; Kurz, Forest Fl. of Brit. Burmah, p. 293.
1577
Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ii. p. 271; Thwaites, Enum. Zeyl., p. 58; Hiern, in Fl. of Brit. Ind., i. p. 688.
1578
Hiern, in Fl. of Brit. Ind., i. p. 687.
1579
Blume, Rumphia, iii. p. 103; Miquel, Fl. Indo-Batava, i. p. 554.
1580
Bossier, Fl. Orient., ii. p. 5.
1581
Pliny, Hist. Nat., lib. xiii. cap. 15; lib. xv. cap. 22; Galen, De Alimentis, lib. ii. cap. 30.
1582
Lerche, Nova Acta Acad. Cesareo-Leopold, vol. v., appendix, p. 203, published in 1773. Maximowicz, in a letter of Feb. 24, 1882, tells me that Lerche’s specimen exists in the herbarium of the Imperial Garden at St. Petersburgh. It is in flower, and resembles the cultivated bean in all points excepting height, which is about half a foot. The label mentions the locality and its wild character without other remarks.
1583
There are Transcaucasian specimens in the same herbarium, but taller, and they are not said to be wild.
1584
Marschall Bieberstein, Flora Caucaso-Taurica; C. A. Meyer, Verzeichniss; Hohenacker, Enum. Plant. Talysch; Boissier, Fl. Orient., p. 578, Buhse and Boissier, Plant. Transcaucasiæ.
1585
Ledebour, Fl. Ross., i. p. 664, quotes de Candolle, Prodromus, ii. p. 354; now Seringe wrote the article Faba in Prodromus, in which the south of the Caspian is indicated, probably on Lerche’s authority.
1586
Dict. d’Agric., v. p. 512.
1587
Munby, Catal. Plant. in Alger. sponte nascent., edit. 2, p. 12.
1588
Schweinfurth and Ascherson, Aufzählung, p. 256; Rohlfs, Kufra.
1589
Loiscleur Deslongchamps, Consid. sur les Céréales, part i. p. 29.
1590
Bretschneider, Study and Value, etc., pp. 7, 15.
1591
Iliad, 13, v. 589.
1592
Wittmack, Sitz. bericht Vereins, Brandenburg, 1879.
1593
Novitius Dictionnarium, at the word Faba.
1594
Origines Indo-Européennes, edit. 2, vol. i. p. 353.
1595
Heer, Pflanzen der Pfahlbauten, p. 22, figs. 44-47.
1596
Perrin, Étude Préhistorique sur la Savoie, p. 2.
1597
Delile, Plant. Cult. en Égypte, p. 12; Reynier, Économie des Égyptiens et Carthaginois, p. 340; Unger, Pflan. d. Alt. Ægyp., p. 64; Wilkinson, Man. and Cus. of Anc. Egyptians, p. 402.
1598
Reynier, ubi supra, tries to discover the reason of this.
1599
Herodotus, Histoire, Larcher’s trans., vol. ii. p. 32.
1600
2 Sam. xvii. 28; Ezek. iv. 9.
1601
Dict. Français-Berbère, published by the French government.
1602
Note communicated to M. Clos by M. d’Abadie.
1603
A. de Candolle, Géogr. Bot. Rais., chap. x.
1604
Rhododendron ponticum now exists only in Asia Minor and in the south of the Spanish peninsula.
1605
Boissier, Fl. Orient., ii. p. 577.
1606
C. A. Meyer, Verzeichniss Fl. Caucas., p. 147.
1607
Georgi, in Ledebour, Fl. Ross.
1608
Forskal, Fl. Ægypt.; Delile, Plant. Cult. en Égypte, p. 13.
1609
Ebn Baithar, ii. p. 134.
1610
Reynier, Économie publique et rurale des Arabes et des Juifs, Genève, 1820, p. 429.
1611
Dict. Franç. – Berbère, in 8vo, 1844.
1612
Hehn, Culturpflanzen, etc., edit. 3, vol. ii. p. 188.
1613
Ad. Pictet, Origines Indo-Européennes, edit. 2, vol. i. p. 364; Hehn, ubi supra.
1614
Heer, Pflanzen der Pfahlbauten, p. 23, fig. 49.
1615
Theophrastus, Hist., lib. iv. cap. 5.
1616
Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., edit. 1832, vol. iii. p. 324; Piddington, Index.
1617
Ledebour, Fl. Ross., i. p. 660, according to Pallas, Falk, and Koch.
1618
Boissier, Fl. Orient., ii. p. 560; Steven, Verzeichniss des Taurischen Hablinseln, p. 134.
1619
Iliad, bk. 13, verse 589; Theophrastus, Hist., lib. viii. c. 3.
1620
Dioscorides, lib. ii. c. 126.
1621
Heldreich, Nutzpflanzen Griechenlands, p. 71.
1622
Nemnich, Polyglott. Lex., i. p. 1037; Bunge, in Goebels Reise, ii. p. 328.
1623
Clément d’Alexandrie, Strom., lib. i., quoted from Reynier, Écon. des Égyp. et Carthag., p. 343.
1624
Reynier, Écon. des Arabes et Juifs, p. 430.
1625
Rosenmüller, Bibl. Alterth., i. p. 100; Hamilton, Bot. de la Bible, p. 180.
1626
Rauwolf, Fl. Orient., No. 220; Forskal, Fl. Ægypt., p. 81; Dict. Franç. – Berbère.
1627
Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., iii. p. 324; Piddington, Index.
1628
See Fraas, Fl. Class., p. 51; Lenz., Bot. der Alten, p. 73.
1629
Heldreich, Nutzpflanzen Griechenlands, p. 69.
1630
Olivier de Serres, Théâtre de l’Agric., edit. 1529, p. 88.
1631
Clusius, Hist. Plant., ii. p. 228.
1632
Willkomm and Lange, Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 466.
1633
Caruel, Fl. Toscana, p. 136.
1634
Gussone, Fl. Siculæ Syn., edit. 2, vol. ii. p. 466.
1635
Grisebach, Spicil. Fl. Rumel., p. 11.
1636
D’Urville, Enum., p. 86.
1637
Ledebour, Fl. Ross., i. p. 510.
1638
Caruel, Fl. Tosc., p. 136.
1639
Gussone, Fl. Sic. Syn., ii. p. 267; Moris, Fl. Sardoa, i. p. 596.
1640
Boissier, Fl. Orient., ii. p. 29.
1641
Aufzählung, etc., p. 257.
1642
Schweinfurth, Plantæ Nilot. a Hartman Coll., p. 6.
1643
Unger, Pflanzen d. Alt. Ægyp., p. 65.
1644
Wilkinson, Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, ii. p. 403.
1645
Rosenmüller, Bibl. Alterth., vol. i.
1646
Muratori, Antich. Ital., i. p. 347; Diss., 24, quoted by Targioni, Cenni Storici, p. 31.
1647
Boissier, Fl. Orient., ii. p. 623; Royle, Ill. Himal., p. 200.
1648
Bertoloni, Fl. Ital., vii. p. 419; Caruel, Fl. Tosc., p. 184; Gussone, Fl. Sic. Synopsis, ii. p. 279; Moris, Fl. Sardoa, i. p. 577.
1649
Steven, Verzeichniss, p. 134.
1650
Alefeld, Bot. Zeitung., 1860, p. 204.
1651
Darwin, Animals and Plants under Domestication, p. 326.
1652
Theophrastus, Hist., lib. viii. c. 3 and 5.
1653
Heldreich, Nutzpflanzen Griechenlands, p. 71.
1654
Pliny, Hist., lib. xviii. c. 7 and 12. This is certainly P. sativum, for the author says it cannot bear the cold.
1655
Ad. Pictet, Origines Indo-Européennes, edit. 2, vol. i. p. 359.
1656
Heer, Pflanzen der Pfahlbaüten, xxiii. fig. 48; Perrin, Études Préhistoriques sur la Savoie, p. 22.
1657
Piddington, Index. Roxburgh does not give a Sanskrit name.
1658
Bretschneider, Study and Value, etc., p. 16.
1659
Ibid., p. 9.
1660
See Pailleux, in Bull. de la Soc. d’Acclim., Sept. and Oct., 1880.
1661
Rumphius, Amb., vol. v. p. 388.
1662
Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., iii. p. 314.
1663
Piddington, Index.
1664
Kaempfer, Amer. Exot., p. 837, pl. 838.
1665
Haberlandt, Die Sojabohne, in 8vo, Vienna, 1878, quoted by Pailleux, ubi supra.
1666
Loureiro, Fl. Cochin., ii. p. 538.
1667
Bunge, Enum. Plant. Chin., p. 118; Maximowicz, Primit. Fl. Amur., p. 87.
1668
Miquel, Prolusio, in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat., iii. p. 52; Franchet and Savatier, Enum. Plant. Jap., i. p. 108.
1669
Junghuhn, Plantæ Jungh., p. 255.
1670
Soja angustifolia, Miquel; see Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind., ii. p. 184.
1671
Rumphius, Amb., vol. v. p. 388.
1672
Tussac, Flore des Antilles, vol. iv. p. 94, pl. 32; Grisebach, Fl. of Brit. W. Indies, i. p. 191.
1673
See Wight and Arnott, Prod. Fl. Penins. Ind., p. 256; Klotzsch, in Peters, Reise nach Mozambique, i. p. 36. The yellow variety is figured in Tussac, that with the red flowers in the Botanical Register, 1845, pl. 31.
1674
Bentham, Flora Hongkongensis, p. 89; Flora Brasil., vol. xv. p. 199; Bentham and Hooker, i. p. 541.
1675
Tussac, Flore des Antilles; Jacquin, Obs., p. 1.
1676
Rheede, Roxburgh, Kurz, Burm. Fl., etc.
1677
Thwaites, Enum. Pl Ceylan.
1678
Loureiro, Fl. Cochin., p. 565.
1679
Rumphius, Amb., vol. v. t. 135.
1680
Seemann, Fl. Vitiensis, p. 74.
1681
Junghuhn, Plantæ Jungh., fasc. i. p. 241.
1682
Piddington, Index; Rheede, Malab., vi. p. 23, etc.
1683
Pickering, Chron. Arrang. of Plants, p. 442; Peters, Reise, p. 36; R. Brown, Bot. of Congo, p. 53; Oliver, Fl. of Trop. Afr., ii. p. 216.
1684
Bulletin de la Société d’Acclimation, 1871, p. 663.
1685
The species is given here in order not to separate it from the other leguminous plants cultivated for the seeds alone.
1686
De Gasparin, Cours. d’Agric., iv. p. 328.
1687
Schweinfurth and Ascherson, Aufzählung, p. 255; Richard, Tentamen Fl. Abyss.
1688
Ascherson, etc., in Rohls, Kufra, 1 vol. in 8vo, 1881, p. 519.
1689
Heldreich, Nutzpflanzen Griechenlands, p. 73; Die Pflanzen der Attischen Ebene, p. 477; Gussone, Syn. Fl. Sic., p. 646; Bianca, Il Carrubo, in the Giornale d’Agricoltura Italiana, 1881; Munby, Catal. Pl. in Alg. Spont., p. 13.
1690
Hœfer, Hist. Bot. Minér. et Géol., 1 vol. in 12mo., p. 20; Bonné, Le Caroubier, ou l’Arbre des Lotophages, Algiers, 1869 (quoted by Hœfer). See above, the article on the jujube tree.
1691
Pliny, Hist., lib. i. cap. 30.
1692
Theophrastus, Hist. Plant., lib. i. cap. 11; Dioscorides, lib. i. cap. 155; Fraas, Syn. Fl. Class., p. 65.
1693
Ebn Baithar, German trans., i. p. 354; Forskal, Fl. Ægypt., p. 77.
1694
Columna, quoted by Lenz, Bot. der Alten, p. 73; Pliny, Hist., lib. xiii. cap. 8.
1695
Dict. Franç. – Berbère, at the word Caroube.
1696
Lexicon Oxon., quoted by Pickering, Chron. Hist. of Plants, p. 141.
1697
The drawing is reproduced in Unger’s Pflanzen des Alten Ægyptens, fig. 22. The observation which he quotes from Kotschy needs confirmation by a special anatomist.
1698
A. de Candolle, Géogr. Bot. Rais., p. 961.
1699
Bentham, in Ann. Wiener Museum, vol. ii.; Martens, Die Gartenbohnen, in 4to, Stuttgart, 1860, edit. 2, 1869.
1700
Savi, Osserv. sopra Phaseolus e Dolichos, 1, 2, 3.
1701
Theophrastus, Hist., lib. viii. cap. 3; Dioscorides, lib. ii. cap. 130; Pliny, Hist., lib. xviii. cap. 7, 12, interpreted by Fraas, Syn. Fl. Class., p. 52; Lenz, Bot. der Alten, p. 731; Martens, Die Gartenbohnen, p. 1.
1702
Wittmack, Bot. Vereins Brandenburg, Dec. 19, 1879.
1703
Delile, Plantes Cultivées en Égypte, p. 14; Piddington, Index.
1704
Bretschneider does not mention any, either in his pamphlet On the Study and Value of Chinese Botanical Works, or in his private letters to me.
1705
E. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanique, iii. p. 404.
1706
“Faseolus est species leguminis et grani, quod est in quantitate parum minus quam Faba, et in figura est columnare sicut faba, herbaque ejus minor est aliquantulum quam herba Fabæ. Et sunt faseoli multorum colorum, sed quodlibet granorum habet maculam nigram in loco cotyledonis” (Jessen, Alberti Magni, De Vegetabilibus, edit. critica, p. 515).
1707
P. Crescens, French trans., 1539.
1708
Macer Floridus, edit. 1485, and Choulant’s commentary, 1832.
1709
De Rochebrune, Actes de la Soc. Linn. de Bordeaux, vol. xxxiii. Jan., 1880, of which I saw an analysis in Botanisches Centralblatt, 1880, p. 1633.
1710
Wittmack, Sitzungsbericht des Bot. Vereins Brandenburg, Dec. 19, 1879, and a private letter.
1711
Molina (Essai sur l’Hist. Nat. du Chili, French trans., p. 101) mentions Phaseoli, which he calls pallar and asellus, and Cl. Gay’s Fl. du Chili adds, without much explanation, Ph. Cumingii, Bentham.
1712
A. de Candolle, Géog. Bot. Rais., p. 691.
1713
Tournefort Eléments (1694), i. p. 328; Instit., p. 415.
1714
Durante, Herbario Nuovo, 1585, p. 39; Matthioli ed Valgris, p. 322; Targioni, Dizion. Bot. Ital., i. p. 13.
1715
Feuillée, Hist. des Plan. Medic. du Pérou, etc., in 4to, 1725, p. 54.
1716
A. de Candolle, Géogr. Bot. Rais., chapter on disjunctive species.
1717
Ph. bipunctatus, Jacqnin; Ph. inamœnus, Linnæus; Ph. puberulus, Kunth; Ph. saccharatus, MacFadyen; etc., etc.
1718
Bentham, in Fl. Brasil., vol. xv. p. 181.
1719
Roxburgh, Piddington, etc.
1720
Royle, Ill. Himalaya, p. 190.
1721
Aufäzhlung, etc., p. 257.
1722
Oliver. Fl. of Trop. Afr., p. 192.
1723
Wittmack, Sitz. Bot. Vereins Branden., Dec. 19, 1879.
1724
Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. edit. 1832, vol. iii. p. 299; Aitchison, Catal. of Punjab, p. 48; Sir J. Hooker, Fl. of Brit. Ind., ii. p. 202.
1725
Sir J. Hooker, Fl. of Brit. Ind., ii. p. 201.
1726
Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., p. 299.
1727
Schweinfurth, Beitr. z. Fl. Ethiop., p. 15; Aufzählung, p. 257; Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr., p. 194.
1728
See authors quoted for P. tribolus.
1729
Sir J. Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind., ii. p. 209; Junghuhn, Plantæ Jungh., fasc. ii. p. 240.
1730
Baker, Fl. of Mauritius, p. 83.
1731
Oliver, Fl. of Trop. Africa, ii. p. 210.
1732
Forskal, Descript., p. 133; Delile, Plant. Cult. en Égypte, p. 14.
1733
Schweinfurth and Ascherson, Aufzählung, p. 256.
1734
Dict. Franç. – Berbère, at the word haricot; Willkomm and Lange, Prod. Fl. Hisp., iii. p. 324. The common haricot has no less than five different names in the Iberian peninsula.
1735
Piddington, Index.
1736
Lenz, Bot. der Alt. Gr. und Röm., p. 732.
1737
Langkavel, Bot. der Späteren Griechen, p. 4; Heldreich, Nutzpfl. Griechenl., p. 72.
1738
Sir J. Hooker, Flora of Brit. Ind., ii. p. 205; Miquel, Fl. Indo-Batava, i. p. 175.
1739
Linnæus, junr., Decad., ii. pl. 19, seems to have confounded this plant with Arachis, and he gives, perhaps because of this error, Voandzeia as cultivated at his time in Surinam. Modern writers on America either have not seen it or have omitted to mention it.
1740
Gardener’s Chronicle, Sept. 4, 1880.
1741
Loureiro, Fl. Cochin., ii. p. 523.
1742
Guillemin, Perottet, Richard, Fl. Senegambia Tentamen, p. 254.
1743
Aufzählung, p. 259.
1744
Maximowicz, Primitiæ Fl. Amur., p. 236.
1745
Ledebour, Fl. Ross., iii. 517.
1746
Meissner, in De Candolle, Prodr., xiv. p. 143.
1747
Bretschneider, On Study, etc., p. 9.