Английский язык для подростков: базовый уровень. От основ к уверенной речи

Grammar Focus

Present Simple Tense (настоящее простое время) используется для описания регулярных действий, привычек и ежедневных действий.

Основные конструкции:

I wake up

I go

I do

I have

Правила использования:

В 3-м лице единственного числа (he, she, it) глагол получает окончание -s / -es.

Используется с наречиями частоты: always, usually, often, sometimes, never.

Используется с выражениями времени: every day, every morning, on Mondays.

Используется для общих фактов и расписаний.

Примеры:

I wake up at seven o’clock. — Я просыпаюсь в семь часов.

I go to school every day. — Я хожу в школу каждый день.

I do my homework in the evening. — Я делаю домашнее задание вечером.

I have breakfast at home. — Я завтракаю дома.

Дополнительные примеры:

I get up at 6:30. — Я встаю в 6:30.

I take a shower in the morning. — Я принимаю душ утром.

I leave home at 8 o’clock. — Я выхожу из дома в 8 часов.

I come back home after school. — Я возвращаюсь домой после школы.

I have dinner with my family. — Я ужинаю с семьёй.

I go to bed at 10 o’clock. — Я ложусь спать в 10 часов.

Story: My Daily Routine

I wake up at seven o’clock every morning. I feel a little tired, but I get up quickly. I wash my face and brush my teeth. Then I have breakfast with my family. After breakfast, I go to school. I usually walk with my friend. We talk about school and our plans for the day. School starts at eight o’clock.

At school, I study different subjects. I learn English, mathematics, science, and history. I try to listen carefully and do my best. After school, I return home and have lunch. Then I do my homework. Sometimes it is easy, sometimes it is difficult, but I always finish it. In the evening, I relax. I watch television or read a book. I also help my parents at home. I go to bed at ten o’clock because I need good rest.

Useful Words and Expressions

wake up — просыпаться

get up — вставать

wash — умываться

brush teeth — чистить зубы

breakfast — завтрак

go to school — идти в школу

walk — идти пешком

study — учиться

subject — предмет

return home — возвращаться домой

lunch — обед

do homework — делать домашнее задание

relax — отдыхать

watch television — смотреть телевизор

help — помогать

routine — распорядок дня

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

I ___ (wake) up at seven o’clock.

I ___ (go) to school every day.

I ___ (do) my homework in the evening.

She ___ (study) English at school.

They ___ (have) breakfast at home.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

I ___ breakfast at 7 o’clock.

a) have

b) has

c) having

He ___ to school every morning.

a) go

b) goes

c) going

We ___ English at school.

a) study

b) studies

c) studying

Exercise 3: Questions

What time does the student wake up?

What does he do after breakfast?

What subjects does he study at school?

What does he do after school?

What does he do in the evening?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

wake

go

do

studies

have

Exercise 2

a

b

a

Exercise 3

The student wakes up at seven o’clock every morning. He starts his day early to prepare for school.

After breakfast, he goes to school and walks with his friend. They talk about daily plans.

He studies English, mathematics, science, and history.

After school, he returns home, has lunch, and does his homework.

In the evening, he relaxes, watches television or reads a book, and goes to bed at ten o’clock.

Grammar Focus

Present Simple Tense и базовые конструкции используются для того, чтобы представлять себя и сообщать основную информацию о человеке.

Основные конструкции:

My name is…

I am…

I am… years old

I live in…

I study at…

I like…

Примеры:

My name is Anna. — Меня зовут Анна.

I am 15 years old. — Мне 15 лет.

I live in Astana. — Я живу в Астане.

I study at school. — Я учусь в школе.

I like music. — Мне нравится музыка.

Дополнительные примеры:

I am a student. — Я ученик.

I have one brother. — У меня есть один брат.

I like reading books. — Мне нравится читать книги.

I like playing football. — Мне нравится играть в футбол.

My favorite subject is English. — Мой любимый предмет — английский.

I live with my family. — Я живу с семьёй.

I go to school every day. — Я хожу в школу каждый день.

Правила использования:

Используйте I am для описания себя.

Используйте My name is для представления имени.

Используйте like для выражения интересов.

Используйте Present Simple для привычек и фактов.

Story: Meeting a New Student

A new student arrives at a school in a big city. His name is Daniel. He is fourteen years old. He comes from another city, so everything is new for him.

Daniel introduces himself to the class. He says that his name is Daniel and he is a student. He lives with his parents and his younger sister. He likes sports and music. He also likes reading books in his free time.

His favorite subject is English because he wants to travel in the future. He studies at a new school and tries to make friends.

At first, Daniel feels nervous because everything is different. But after some time, he meets friendly classmates. They talk and help him understand school rules.

By the end of the day, Daniel feels happy. He thinks that his new school will be interesting and useful for his future.

Useful Words and Expressions

introduce — представлять

name — имя

age — возраст

years old — лет

live — жить

student — ученик

school — школа

class — класс

favorite — любимый

subject — предмет

hobby — хобби

free time — свободное время

family — семья

friendly — дружелюбный

nervous — нервный

meet — встречать

travel — путешествовать

help — помогать

understand — понимать

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

My name ___ Alex.

I ___ 14 years old.

I ___ in a small city.

I like ___ books.

I ___ at school.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

How do you say your name?

a) I call Anna

b) My name is Anna

c) I am call Anna

What is correct?

a) I am 15 years old

b) I is 15 years old

c) I are 15 years old

Which sentence is correct?

a) I like play football

b) I like playing football

c) I liking football

Exercise 3: Questions

What is Daniel’s name?

How old is Daniel?

What does Daniel like?

Why is Daniel nervous at first?

How does Daniel feel at the end of the day?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

is

am

live

reading

study

Exercise 2

b

a

b

Exercise 3

Daniel’s name is Daniel. He is a new student in a new school.

He is fourteen years old. He is still a teenager and studying at school.

He likes sports, music, and reading books. These are his main interests.

He is nervous because everything is new: school, classmates, and environment.

By the end of the day, he feels happy because he meets friendly classmates and adapts to school.

Grammar Focus

Present Simple Tense используется для описания семьи, постоянных фактов и отношений между людьми.

Основные конструкции:

I have…

My mother/father is…

We live…

They work…

He/She likes…

Примеры:

I have a big family. — У меня большая семья.

My mother is a doctor. — Моя мама врач.

My father works in an office. — Мой отец работает в офисе.

We live in a house. — Мы живём в доме.

My sister likes music. — Моя сестра любит музыку.

Дополнительные примеры:

I have one brother and one sister. — У меня один брат и одна сестра.

My parents are very kind. — Мои родители очень добрые.

My brother plays football. — Мой брат играет в футбол.

My sister goes to school. — Моя сестра ходит в школу.

We spend time together in the evening. — Мы проводим время вместе вечером.

My family is very friendly. — Моя семья очень дружная.

My father reads newspapers every day. — Мой отец читает газеты каждый день.

My mother cooks dinner for us. — Моя мама готовит нам ужин.

Правила использования:

Используйте I have для описания членов семьи.

Используйте is/are для описания людей.

Используйте Present Simple для привычек и работы.

Используйте like для интересов членов семьи.

Story: My Family

I have a small but very friendly family. I live with my parents and my younger brother. We live in a comfortable apartment in a quiet part of the city.

My mother is a teacher. She works at a school and helps children learn different subjects. My father is an engineer. He works in a company and likes his job very much. He often tells us interesting stories about his work.

My younger brother is ten years old. He goes to school and likes playing football with his friends. In the evening, we often play games or watch television together.

We usually have dinner together and talk about our day. My parents always ask about my school and my homework. I feel happy because my family is kind and supportive.

On weekends, we sometimes go to the park or visit our relatives. I enjoy spending time with my family because it makes me feel safe and relaxed.

Useful Words and Expressions

family — семья

parents — родители

mother — мама

father — папа

brother — брат

sister — сестра

live — жить

house — дом

apartment — квартира

work — работать

teacher — учитель

engineer — инженер

school — школа

homework — домашнее задание

together — вместе

dinner — ужин

weekend — выходные

kind — добрый

friendly — дружелюбный

supportive — поддерживающий

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

I ___ a big family.

My mother ___ a teacher.

My father ___ in an office.

We ___ in a house.

My brother ___ football.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

My mother ___ a doctor.

a) is

b) are

c) am

We ___ in a small city.

a) lives

b) live

c) living

My sister ___ music.

a) like

b) likes

c) liking

Exercise 3: Questions

How many people are in the family?

What does the mother do?

What does the father do?

What does the brother like doing?

Why does the student enjoy time with family?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

have

is

works

live

plays

Exercise 2

a

b

b

Exercise 3

The family is small and consists of parents, one younger brother, and the student. They live together in a comfortable apartment.

The mother is a teacher. She works at a school and helps children learn different subjects.

The father is an engineer. He works in a company and enjoys his job.

The brother likes playing football with his friends. He is active and enjoys sports.

The student enjoys time with family because they are kind and supportive, and it makes him feel safe and happy.

Grammar Focus

Present Simple Tense используется для описания дома, его частей и того, что в нём находится или происходит регулярно.

Основные конструкции:

There is … (есть, находится — ед. число)

There are … (есть, находятся — мн. число)

I live in…

My home has…

I like…

Примеры:

There is a kitchen in my home. — В моём доме есть кухня.

There are two bedrooms. — В доме две спальни.

I live in a flat. — Я живу в квартире.

My home has a living room. — В моём доме есть гостиная.

I like my home. — Мне нравится мой дом.

Дополнительные примеры:

There is a big living room. — Есть большая гостиная.

There are three rooms in my house. — В моём доме три комнаты.

There is a table in the kitchen. — На кухне есть стол.

There are chairs in the dining room. — В столовой есть стулья.

My room is small but comfortable. — Моя комната маленькая, но удобная.

There is a computer in my room. — В моей комнате есть компьютер.

I study in my room. — Я учусь в своей комнате.

My home is warm and clean. — Мой дом тёплый и чистый.

Правила использования:

Используйте There is для одного предмета.

Используйте There are для нескольких предметов.

Используйте Present Simple для описания постоянных фактов.

Используйте has для описания того, что есть у дома или комнаты.

Story: My Home

I live in a small but comfortable flat with my family. Our home is not very big, but it is warm and clean.

There is a living room, a kitchen, a bathroom, and two bedrooms in our flat. My favorite place is my room because it is quiet and comfortable. I have a desk, a bed, and a computer in my room. I usually study there and do my homework.

The kitchen is my mother’s favorite place. She cooks delicious meals for our family every day. We often have breakfast and dinner together in the kitchen.

In the living room, we watch television and talk about our day. There are two sofas and a big table in the room. We spend a lot of time there in the evening.

I like my home because it is peaceful and full of love. It is the place where I feel safe and happy.

Useful Words and Expressions

home — дом

flat — квартира

house — дом (здание)

room — комната

kitchen — кухня

bathroom — ванная

bedroom — спальня

living room — гостиная

desk — письменный стол

bed — кровать

chair — стул

table — стол

comfortable — удобный

clean — чистый

warm — тёплый

quiet — тихий

cook — готовить

study — учиться

spend time — проводить время

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

There ___ a kitchen in my home.

There ___ two bedrooms.

I ___ in a flat.

My home ___ a living room.

I ___ my home.

Exercise 2: Multiple Choice

There ___ a table in the kitchen.

a) is

b) are

c) am

There ___ three rooms in the house.

a) is

b) are

c) be

My home ___ warm and clean.

a) is

b) are

c) be

Exercise 3: Questions

What type of home does the student live in?

What rooms are in the home?

What is the student’s favorite place and why?

What does the family do in the living room?

Why does the student like his home?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

is

are

live

has

like

Exercise 2

a

b

a

Exercise 3

The student lives in a small but comfortable flat with his family. The home is warm and clean.

There is a living room, a kitchen, a bathroom, and two bedrooms in the home.

His favorite place is his room because it is quiet and comfortable. He can study and relax there.

In the living room, the family watches television and talks about their day together.

He likes his home because it is peaceful, clean, and full of love, and he feels safe there.

Grammar Focus

Present Simple Tense используется для описания школьной жизни, расписания, предметов и регулярных действий.

Основные конструкции:

I go to school…

I study…

I have … (lessons/subjects)

The lesson starts…

We learn…

Примеры:

I go to school every day. — Я хожу в школу каждый день.

I study English and mathematics. — Я изучаю английский и математику.

I have five lessons today. — У меня сегодня пять уроков.

The lesson starts at 9 o’clock. — Урок начинается в 9 часов.

We learn new things at school. — Мы изучаем новые вещи в школе.

Дополнительные примеры:

I like my school. — Мне нравится моя школа.

My school is big. — Моя школа большая.

I have many friends at school. — У меня много друзей в школе.

We have lunch at school. — Мы обедаем в школе.

The teacher explains the lesson. — Учитель объясняет урок.

We write tests sometimes. — Мы иногда пишем контрольные.

I do my homework every day. — Я делаю домашнее задание каждый день.

I participate in school activities. — Я участвую в школьных мероприятиях.

Правила использования: