A Gothic Grammar

swein, n. (94), swine, pig; Mk. V, 11-14. 16. [Orig. adj., < *sû (= OE. sû, f., ME. sowe, NE. sow) + suff. – îna-. OE. swîn, n., hog, (wild) boar, (pl. swine), ME. swin, NE. swine.]

swêrs (78, n. 2), adj. (124), hevy, weighty; hense, grave, honord. [OE. swæ̂r, adj., hevy, difficult, OHG. swâri, MHG. swæ̂re, adj., hevy, grave, noble, NHG. schwer, adj., hevy, difficult, grievous.]

swês, adj. (124, n. 1), one's own; II. Cor. V, 10 (see note). [< swê- (allied to sei-na) + suff. -sa-. OE. swæ̂s, adj., one's own, domestic, intimate.]

swê-þáuh, adv. and conj. (218), yet, indeed, however; jabai sw. jah (s. jabai); II. Cor. V, 3; untê sw., for indeed, II. Cor. V, 19.

-swikunþjan, wv. (188), in ga-sw. [< swikunþs.]

swikunþs, adj. (124), evident, manifest, open; II. Cor. V, 11; sw. waírþan, to becum or be made manifest, appear; Mk. IV, 22. II. Cor. IV, 11. [< the pref. swi- (allied to swês) + kunþs.]

swiltan, stv. (174, n. 1), to die. – Cpd. ga-sw. [OE. sweltan, to die, ME. swelte, to faint, die, > the freq. sweltere, to faint away, NE. swelter, to be overcum with heat.]

swinþnan, wv. (194), to grow strong; Lu. II, 40. [< swinþs.]

swinþs, adj. (124), strong; Mk. III, 27. hole, helthy; Mk. II, 17. – Compar. swinþôza, mightier; Mk. I, 7. [OE. swîð (< *swinð), ME. swiþ, strong, OHG. *swind (in pr. ns.), MHG. swint (d-), strong, quick, NHG. schwind (obs., but dial.), ge-schwind, quick.]

swistar, f. (114), sister; Mk. III, 32. 35. [OE. sweostor, swustor, ME. suster and sister (by influence of ON. systir), NE. sister.]

swôgatjan, wv. (188), to sigh, groan; II. Cor. V, 2. 4. [Intensiv v. < swôg- in (OE. swôgan, ME. swowe > swoᵹne, swoune, NE. swoon) -swôgjan, to sigh; -atjan = OE. – ettan, NHG. – ezzen.]

swumfsl (80), n. (94), swimming-bath, pool. [For swumsl (so in MS., an amended form of swumslf. But the f is merely eufonic) < swimman (+ suff. -sla) = OE. swimman, ME. swimme, NE. swim.]

Symaíôn (39), pr. n., Simeon; Lu. II, 25. 34. [< Συμεών.]

synagôga-faþs, gen. -fadis, m. (101), ruler of a synagog; Mk. V, 22. 35. 36. 38. [< synagôgê + -faþs (only in cpds.), chief, master; s. brûþ-faþs.]

synagôgê (39), f., synagog; (gen. -ais;) dat. (-ai; or) -ein; Mk. I, 29 (-ên for -ein; 17, n. 1); or -ê (Gr. infl.); Mk. I, 23; acc. (-ein; or) -ên (Gr. infl.); Mk. I, 21. III, 1; dat. pl. -im; Mk. I, 39. [< συναγωγή, congregation.]

Syria, pr. n., Syria; gen. -ais; Lu. II, 2. [< Συρία.]

Tagl, n. (94), a singl hair, hair; Mt. V, 36. Mk. I, 6. [OE. tæᵹ(e)l, m., ME. tayl, NE. tail.]

tagr, n. (94), tear; II. Cor. II, 4. [OE. têar, teagor (< *taur, for *tahur), m., drop, tear, ME. tere, têr, NE. tear.]

tahjan, wv. (188), to tear, rend, w. acc.; Mk. I, 26.

taíhswa, f. (prop. str. adj.; Mk. XVI, 5. Col. III, 1), the right hand. [< taíhsws.]

taíhsws, adj. (124; uzually weak; 132; so also without the art.; cp. prec. word), right (not left); Mt. V, 29. 30. 39. —taíhswô (sc. handus), the right hand; Mt. VI, 3. [OHG. zeso (infl. zesw-), MHG. zese (infl. zesw-, zesew-), adj., right.]

taíhun, card. num. (141), ten. [OE. tên (< *teen for *tehen), têo (North.), ME. ten, NE. ten (-teen; s. fimf).]

taíhunda, ord. num. (146), the tenth. [< taíhun + suff. -da.] [OE. têoða (for *têonða), ME. tenþe (by influence of ten), NE. tenth.]

taíhun-têhund and -taíhund, card. num. (143; cp. 148), a hundred.

taiknjan, wv. (188), to betoken, point, show. – Cpd. us-t. [< taikns. OE. tâcnian, ME. tokne, to show, betoken, signify, NE. token (Shak.), to foretel, betoken, to make known.]

taikns, f. (103), token; sign, wonder, miracl; Lu. II, 12. 34. [< taik- (= OE. tâc-in *tâcian, to show, = tæ̂can, ME. teche, teache, NE. teach) + suff. -ni-. OE. tâcen (w. suff. – no-), n., token, mark, wonder, ME. tokne, NE. token.]

tainjô, f. (112), a basket of twigs, basket; Skeir. VII, c. d. [< tains + suff. -jôn-. OHG. zein(n)â, f., MHG. zeine, f. m., a basket of twigs.]

tains, m. (91), twig, branch. [OE. tân, m., twig, rod, staf, ON. teinn > ME. tein, staff.]

taíran, stv. (175, n. 1), only in dis-, ga-t. [OE. teran, ME. tere, NE. tear.]

taítôk, prt. of têkan.

taleiþa, f. (97), damsel; Mk. V, 41. [< ταλιθά < the Chaldean.]

talzjan, wv. (188), to teach, instruct. —talzjands, m. (prop. prsp.; 115), teacher. [< -tals (in un-tals, indocil, disobedient) < √ tal seen in OE. talu, number, narrativ, speech, ME. tale, NE. tale.]

-tamjan (33), wv. (187), to tame, in ga-t. [< an adj. = OE. tam, ME. tame, NE. tame; < √ of -timan. OE. tamian, temian, ME. tame, teme, NE. tame.]

taui (gen. tôjis; 26), n. (95), deed, work. [< taujan.]

taujan (26), wv. (187), (1) w. acc. (sumtimes understood), to do, make; Mt. V, 19. 46. 47. VI, 3. Mk. II, 24. III, 8. V, 32; armaiôn t., to do alms; Mt. VI, 1. 2. 3. (2) w. dubl acc., to make; II. Cor. IV, 2. (3) waíla t., to do wel, do good; Mt. V, 44. (4) w. bi w. acc., to do, make; Lu. II, 27. (5) w. acc. and inf., to make, cause; Mt. V, 32. (6) þiuþ t., to do good; Mk. III, 4; unþiuþ t., to do evil; Mk. III, 4; galiug t., to falsify, handl deceitfully; II. Cor. IV, 2. – Cpd. ga-t. [< √ of OE. tôl (w. instr. l-suff.), n., ME. tôl, NE. tool. Cf. OE. tawian, to prepare, dress, get redy, ME. tawe, to work, act upon, NE. taw, to prepare skins, curry, toil.]

-taúrnan, wv. (194), to rend (intr.), in ga-t. [< pp. stem of taíran.]

tawidêdeina, prt. of taujan.

-teihan, stv. (172, n. 1), to show, in ga-t. [OE. têon (for tîon, for *tîhǫn), OHG. zîhan, MHG. zîhen, NHG. zeihen, to accuse of, charge with.]

Teimaúþaîus, pr. n., Timotheus; II. Cor. I, 1; acc. -u; II. Cor. I, 19. [< Τιμόθεος.]

Teitus, pr. n., Titus; acc. (-u or) -aún (Gr. infl.); II. Cor. II, 13. [< Τίτος.]

têkan (ei for ê; 7, n. 2), rv. (181), to tuch, w. two dativs; Mk. V, 30. – Cpd. at-t. [ON. táka (prt. tók) > ME. take, NE. take.]

Theodemîr, Theodomirus (6, n. 2; 70, n. 1), pr. n.

Theodoricus (18, n. 1; 70, n. 1), pr. n.

Theudes (18, n. 1), pr. n.

Theudicodo (18, n. 1), pr. n.

*tigus, m. (142), a decad, in num. cpds. [OE. – tig, ME. – tiᵹ, – ti, NE. – ty.]

-tilôn, wv. (189), to aim, fit, in and-t. [< -tils (in ga-tils, adj., convenient; < √ ti + suff. -la-. Cp. til, n., aim, fit time, opportunity, = OE. til, n. fitness; and ON. til, prep., to, > ME. NE. til) = OE. til, adj., fit, suitabl. OE. tilian, to aim, strive for, labor, ME. tile, NE. til, to cultivate.]

-timan, stv. (175, n. 1), to be fit, in ga-t. [OHG. (ga) – zeman, MHG. (ge)zemen, stv., NHG. (ge)ziemen, wv., to be fit, behoov. Cp. -tamjan.]

timrja, m. (108), builder, carpenter. [< *timr (= OE. timber (the b being eufonic), n., material to build with, building, ME. NE. timber) + suff. -jan-.]

tiuhan, stv. (173), to pul. – Cpds. at-, inn-at-, us-t. [OE. têon (< *têohan), ME. te, to pul, draw, OHG. ziohan, MHG. ziehen, NHG. ziehen, to pul, draw, bring up.]

-tôjis (26, a), adj. (126), doing, only in cpds. [< √ of taujan.]

trauains, f. (97), trust, confidence; II. Cor. I, 15. III, 4. [< trauan + suff. -ai-ni-.]

trauan (26), wv. (179, n. 2; 193), to trust; w. du (in) w. dat.; II. Cor. I, 9. – Cpd. ga-tr. [OE. trûwian (26, b), orig. *trûwan, (the w being eufonic, as in) OHG. trûwên, beside trûên, MHG. trûwen, NHG. trauen, to trust, believ. OE. trêowian, to trust, believ, < trêowe = Goth. triggws.]

Trauas (26, n. 1), pr. n., Troas; dat. Trauadai; II. Cor. II, 12. [< Τρῳάς, gen. Τρῳάδος.]

trausti, n. (95, n. 1), cuvenant. [Extended < stem *trausta- (in OHG. MHG. NHG. trôst, m., consolation), < √ traus- (by-form of trau-; cp. trauan) + suff. -ta-.]

triggwa, f. (97, n. 1), cuvenant; II. Cor. III, 6. 14. [OE. trêow, f., ME. trewe, OHG. triuwa, MHG. triuwe, NHG. treue, f., faithfulness.]

triggws (68), adj. (124), tru, faithful, reliabl; II. Cor. I, 18. [OE. trêowe, ME. trewe, NE. tru. Cp. trauan.]

-trimpan, stv. (174, n. 1), to tramp, tred, in ana-tr. [Its corresponding prt. stem occurs in ME. trampe, NE. tramp.]

triu, n. (94, n. 1), tree. [OE. trêo(w), ME. tre, NE. tree.]

trudan, stv. (175, n. 2), to tred. [Cf. OE. tredan (Fifth Ablaut Class), ME. trede (pp. also troden, as if belonging to the Fourth Ablaut Class), NE. tred.]

tuggl, n. (94), constellation, star. [OE. tungol, n. m., constellation, star.]

tuggô, f. (111), tung. [OE. tunge, f., ME. tunge, NE. tung.]

tulgjan, wv. (188), to confirm, establish, w. acc.; II. Cor. II, 8. – Cpd. ga-t. [< tulgus.]

tulgus, adj. (131), stedfast, firm, strong. [Cf. OS. tulgo, adv., very.]

tunþus, m. (105), tooth; Mt. V, 38. [< √ of itan (cp. Brgm., II, § 126). OE. tôð (ô < ǫn < an; pl. têð), m., ME. toþ (pl. teþ), NE. tooth (pl. teeth).]

twai, card. num. (140), f. twôs, n. twa, two; Mt. V, 41. VI, 24. Mk. V, 13. Lu. II, 24. Skeir. VII, a. b. d (=·b·). [Cf. OE. twegen, m., twâ, f., tû, twâ, n., ME. tweien, two, twa, for all genders, NE. twain, two. Cp. Brgm., I, § 142; III, § 166.]

twalib-wintrus (88a, n. 1), adj. (131), twelv years (lit. 'winters') old; Lu. II, 42. [-wintrus < wintrus, m. (= OE. winter, m. n., ME. NE. winter). OE. twelfwintre, twelv years old.]

twalif (56, n. 1), card. num. (141), twelv; Mk. III, 14. IV, 10. V, 25. 42. Skeir. VII, c (=·ib·; so in) d. [OE. ME. twelf, NE. twelv.]

tweifls, m. (91, n. 2), dout. [OHG. zwîfal, MHG. zwîvel, m., uncertainty, distrust, despair, NHG. zweifel, m., dout.]

tweihnai, distrib. num. (147), two apiece. [< tweih- (= OE. twîh, uzually betwîh, between) + suff. -na-. Cf. OE. twêone, dubl, two, > twêonum (prop. dat. pl.), uzually betwêonum, – an, ME. betwenen, NE. between.]

twis-standan (twistandan; cp. 78, n. 5), stv. (177, n. 3), w. dat., to depart from one, bid farewel to; II. Cor. II, 13.

Tykêkus (6, n. 1), Tychicus. [< Τυχικός.]

Tyra, pr. n., Tyre; acc. -a; Mk. III, 8. [< Τύρος.]

Þaddaius, pr. n., Thaddeus; acc. -u; Mk. III, 18. [< Θαδδαῖος.]

þadei, adv. (213, n. 1), where, wheresoever, whither. [< *þaþ (-d-; < stem of þata + -þ; cp. ƕaþ) + -ei.]

þagkjan (gg; 67 and n. 1), anv. (209; prt. þâhta; 5, b), to think, consider, ponder, reason; w. acc. and af sis silbin; II. Cor. III, 5; w. a dir. question (so w. sis); Mk. II, 6; w. acc. (understood) and in haírtin seinamma; Lu. II, 19; w. a dependent clause introduced by þatei, and bi w. dat., to purpose; II. Cor. I, 17. – Cpd. and-þ. [OE. ðencan, (prt. ðǫ̂hte; ǫ̂ < ǫn < an), ME. þenche, þenke (prt. þohte), NE. think (by influence of ME. þinke, NE. methinks; s. þugkjan).]

þahan, wv. (193), to be silent, be stil, hold one's peace; Mk. I, 25. III, 4. [OHG. dagên, MHG. dagen, to be silent, be stil.]

þâhô (5, b), f. (112), clay, πηλός. [OE. ðǫ̂ (< *ðǫ̂-e < ðǫ̂he < *ðanhe), f., OHG. dâha, MHG. dâhe, tâhe, (weak) f., NHG. (than, tahen, then < the oblique cases; later) thon (str.), m., clay.]

þai, þaiei, þaih, nom. pl. of sa, saei, sah.

þaim, þaim-ei, dat. pl. of sa, saei.

þaírh, prep. w. acc. (217), (1) of space: thru, thru the midst of; Mk. II, 23. II. Cor. I, 16. IV, 15. (2) indicating the 'instrument' or 'means', 'author' or 'agent': thru, by, by means of, (a) w. names of persons; Mk. superscr. II. Cor. I, 5. 11. 19. 20. II, 14. III, 4. IV, 14. V, 18. 20; (b) w. names of things; II. Cor. I, 1. 4; —þ. þôei, because of; Skeir. VII, a; (c) denoting a state or condition: with, by; II. Cor. II, 4. III, 11. V, 7. – Occurs also in eight compound vs. [Cf. OE. ðurh, ME. þurᵹ, þuruh, NE. thru, thuro.]

þaírh-gaggan, anv. (173, n. 3; 207), to go thru, to pierce thru; Lu. II, 35; w. þaírh w. acc., to go thru; Mk. II, 23; w. und w. acc., to go on, proceed to; Lu. II, 15.

þaírh-saiƕan (34, n. 1), stv. (176, n. 1), to see thru, behold as in a glass, w. acc.; II. Cor. III, 18.

þaírh-wakan (63, n. 1), stv. (177, n. 1), to keep wach (thruout); Lu. II, 8.

þaírkô, n. (110), a hole thru (anything), the ey of a needl. [Allied to þaírh.]

-þaírsan, stv. (174, n. 1), to wither, in ga-þ. [The corresponding √-form (þars) of the pret. occurs in OHG. darra (rr < rz: rs), MHG. NHG. darre, f., a kiln for drying grain, meal, etc. Cp. -þaúrsnan.]

þamma, þamm-uh, dat. sg. m. and n. of sa, sah.

þamm-ei, dat. s. m. and n. of saei. Sumtimes uzed as conj.; so w. in, because; II. Cor. II, 13.

þan, adv. and conj. It is often preceded by the enclitic -uh (s. especially under (II), below). There is no distinction in sense between þan and -uh þan; the latter, like þan (which occurs oftener), stands after verbal forms of any kind; -uh þan, never þan, is inserted between a sb. and its prep., also between a prep. and a v., and is frequently found after sums, anþar, ni, rarely after sbs. or adjs. (I) adv., (1) dem., then, thereupon; Lu. II, 42; jah þan, and then; Mk. II, 20; (2) rel., when, whenever, as long as, (a) w. prs. ind.; Mk. II, 20. IV, 16. 31. 32. (Cp. Lu. II, 42); —jah þan, and when, but when; Mk. IV, 15; (b) w. prt. ind.; Mk. I, 32. II, 25. III, 11; (c) w. prs. opt.; Mt. VI, 2. 5. 6. (II) conj. (continuativ), therefore, then; but, farther, also; Mt. V, 31. 37. VI, 7. 29. Mk. I, 6. 28. 32. II, 5. 6. III, 32. IV, 5. 6. 35. V, 6. 11. 13. Lu. II, 1. 4. 6. 17. 47; —jah þan, and then; Mk. III, 6. 31; and also; Lu. II, 35; for; II. Cor. II, 10; and; Mk. IV, 36; —-uh þan, for; Mt. VI, 32; but, and, now; Mt. V, 31. 37. VI, 7. 29. Mk. I, 6. II, 6. IV, 5. V, 11. 13. II. Cor. II, 16. Skeir. VII, c; —sah þan, and this, and he, etc.; Lu. II, 2. 37. II. Cor. I, 17; for this; II. Cor. IV, 15. [< stem of þata. Cf. OE. ðǫnne (for ðanne), ðǫn (for ðan), ME. þanne, ðan, NE. than, then.]

þana, þanei, acc. s. m. of sa, saei.

þana-mais, adv. (153, n. 2), further, henseforth, yet, stil; Mk. V, 35. [þana- < stem of þata.]

þana-seiþs, adv. (212, n. 1), longer, stil; ni þ., no more, no longer; niþ (= nih-h) þan þ., no more, no longer; II. Cor. V, 15; ni þ. ni, no more, no longer; II. Cor. V, 16. [þana < stem of þata; -seiþs (for *seiþis, compar. adv. to seiþus) = OE. sîð (< *sîðiz), compar. adv., later, late; also prep., sinse, ME. sið, NE. sith (Shak.), OHG. sîd, adv., later, MHG. sît, prep., adv., conj., NHG. seit, prep. and conj., sinse.]

þandê (þandei), conj. (218), (1) if (prop. causal: sinse); Mt. VI, 30. (2) because, sinse, for; Lu. II, 30. ((3) while, until). [OHG. dantâ, therefore, because. Cf. OE. ðenden, ðendǫn, while, until, meanwhile.]

-þanjan, wv. (187), to strech, in uf-þ. [OE. ðennan, ME. þenne, OHG. MHG. den(n)en, NHG. dehnen, to strech.]

þan-nu, conj. (218), then, so then, therefore, so that, for; Mk. IV, 41. II. Cor. V, 15.

þan-uh, adv. and conj. (218), (1) adv., then. (2) conj., but; Mk. IV, 29. Skeir. VII, d; therefore, then; Skeir. VII, d.

þans, acc. pl. m. of sa.

þanz-ei, acc. pl. m. of saei.

þar, adv. (213, n. 1), there. [< stem of þata + loc. suff. -r. Cf. OE. ðæ̂r (= Goth. *þêr), ME. þere, NE. there.]

þar-ei, adv., where; Mt. VI, 19. 20. 21. Mk. II, 4. IV, 5. 15. V, 40. II. Cor. III, 17.

þarihs (20, n. 1), adj. (124), not yet fuld, new.

þar-uh, adv. and conj. (218), (1) adv. there; Mt. VI, 21. II. Cor. III, 17. (2) conj. (continuativ, for καί, οὖν, δέ), and, then, so, therefore, but; Lu. II, 25.

þata, dem. prn. n.; s. sa [< stem þa-t- + -a (as in þan-a, in-a, ƕana), which caused the retention of the originally final t (see sa; cp. also þar). OE. ðæt, ME. þat, NE. that.]

þat-ain-ei, adv., only; Mt. V, 47. Mk. V, 36. Skeir. VII, b. [< þatain (< þat-a + the n. sg. of ains), that one, that only, + -ei.]

þata-ƕa-h, nom. sg. n. of saƕazuh.

þat-ei, n. sg. of saei, uzed as conj. (218), (1) that; so after vs. of 'saying, thinking, knowing, perceiving (seeing, hearing, etc.)', and the like, chiefly w. ind. Like ὅτι, it often introduces a dir. discourse; Mt. V, 20-23. 27. 28. 31. 32. 33. 38. 43. VI, 5. 16. 29. 32. Mk. I, 15. 37. 40. II, 1. 8. 10. 12. III, 11. 21. 22. 28. V, 23. 28. 29. 35. Lu. II, 11. 23. 49. II. Cor. I, 7. 12. II, 3. III, 3. IV, 14. V, 1. 6. 15. Skeir. VII, d. (2) causal, because, for, that; Mk. II, 16. Lu. II, 49; —ni þatei w. opt., not that, not because, not as; II. Cor. I, 24. III, 5. (3) afar þatei w. a finite v., after; Mk. I, 14. Skeir. VII, c.

þaþrô, adv. (213, n. 1), (1) local, thense. (2) temporal, afterwards, then. [< stem of þata + suff. -þrô.]

þaþrô-h, adv. (213, n. 1), (1) local, thense. (2) temporal, sinse that time, afterwards, then; Mk. IV, 17. 28. [< þaþrô + -h = -uh. (Cp. also 62, n. 3).]

þau, þáuh (i. e. þau + -uh), (1) conj. (218), (a) after a compar., than; Mt. V, 20; (b) introducing the second part of a disjunctiv question, or; Mk. II, 9. (2) adv. (216), perhaps, stil; or untranslatabl; in the apodosis of a conditional sentence (in most cases for ἄν): ni þau w. prs. ind.; Mt. V, 20. VI, 15. [OE. ðêah, ME. þeh, ðeh, ðoh (by influence of ON. þó, contracted < þáuh), NE. tho.]

þáuh-jabai, conj. (218), even if, tho; II. Cor. IV, 16.

þaúrban, prt. – prs. (199), to hav need, to need, want, lack, (1) abs.; Mk. II, 25. (2) w. gen.; Mt. VI, 8. 32. Mk. II, 17. II. Cor. III, 1. [OE. (be)ðurfan (cp. 56, n. 3), ME. (be)þurfe, to hav need, to need, want, OHG. (bi)durfan, to hav need, to want, lack, MHG. dürfen, durfen, to hav reason or cause, to need, want, dare, be permitted, be-d., to need, want, NHG. dürfen, to dare, be permitted, be-d., to want, need.]